大晶粒含钛Fe－36．5Al基合金的超塑性研究

通过对未加Ｔｉ及加有不同量Ｔｉ的Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ（原子分数，％）基合金的高温变形行为的研究，发现加Ｔｉ的合金在９００—１０００℃，初始应变速率为２．０８×１０￣（－４）－８．３３×１０￣（－２）ｓ￣（－１）范围内比未加Ｔｉ的ＦｅＡｌ合金的延伸率有较大幅度提高，且应变速率敏感性指数ｍ值普遍超过０．３。随含Ｔｉ量的增加，ｍ值及延伸率也普遍提高，最高值分别达到０．４３和２９７％．金相及ＴＥＭ分析表明，变形过程中出现了明显的晶粒细化及亚晶形成过程，并由此导致了大晶粒含钛ＦｅＡｌ基合金的超塑性。     

大晶粒Fe_3Al基合金的超塑性

本文研究了大晶粒Ｆｅ_３Ａｌ基合金Ｆｅ—２８Ａｌ—２Ｔｉ合金的高温变形行为。发现该合金在７５０℃到９００℃应变速率为１×１０~（－３）／ｓ时以及在８５０℃一个较宽的应变速率范围内具有超塑性，最佳延伸率可超过５００％。８５０℃不同应变速率下，ｍ值可以从０．２２变化到０．４１金相及ＴＥＭ观察表明变形过程中发生了明显的动态再结晶，并由此导致了大晶粒Ｆｅ_３Ａｌ合金中的超塑性。     

电渣重熔用CaF2＋Al2O3和CaF2＋Al2O3＋CaO系熔渣传氧的研究

利用ＺｒＯ２固体电解质氧浓差电池测定了电渣重溶用ＣａＦ２＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＣａＦ２＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＣａＯ系熔渣的氧渗透率，考察了熔渣成分及温度对熔渣传氧性能的影响。在１６７３－１８７３Ｋ和０．１ＭＰａ的氧气氛下，测得这两个渣系熔渣的氧渗透率分别为１×１０＾－２０－６×１０＾－１９和１×１０＾－２１－５×１０＾－１８ｍｏｌＯ２．ｃｍ＾－１．ｓ＾－１；随ＭｎＯ２，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３，Ｃｒ２Ｏ３，ＴｉＯ２，ＣａＦ２含     

Ti—47Al—2Mn—2Nb—0.8TiB2合金韧脆转变温度及其应变速率敏感性

采用拉伸试验,研究了不同应变速率（１０＾－５－１０＾－１ｓ＾－１）下温度对含体积分数为０．８％的ＴｉＢ、具体近全片层组织的Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－２Ｍｎ－２Ｎｂ金属间化合物的屈服强度和延伸率的影响,得到合金韧脆转变温度随应变速率升高而升高的变化关系,确定这种ＴｉＢ２的ＴｉＡｌ合金的韧脆转变激活能为２５６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。这一数值低于无ＴｉＢ２的ＴｉＡｌ合金韧脆转变过程可能受位错攀移机制控制。     

Ni—12Co—5Al合金的超塑变形

采用合适的冶炼及形变热处理工艺获得了具有超细化α－Ｔｉ／Ｔｉ２Ｃｏ双相组织的Ｔｉ－１２Ｃｏ－５Ａｌ合金板材，该合金呈现出优异的高速低温超塑性，在７００℃和３×１０＾－２ｓ＾－１的高应变速率条件下延伸率超过２０００％。微观组织研究表明超塑变形促进了Ｔｉ２Ｃｏ粒子的长大和形状变化，在塑性应变高达１５５０％时试样中仍无孔洞产生，应变硬化和应变速率硬化的共同作用是该合金具有优异超塑性的根本原因。     

Fe—5Ni合金奥氏体高温变形行为

在温度９７３－１３７３Ｋ，形变速率２×１０＾－５－１．５×１０＾－２ｓ＾－１的试验条件下，研究了Ｆｅ－５Ｎｉ合金奥氏体的高温拉伸变形行为。结果表明：高温变形时峰值应力σｐ与温度Ｔ和形变ε之间符合五式关系：Ｚ＝εｅｘｐ（Ｑ／ＲＴ）＝Ａ（ｓｉｎｈ（ασｐ））＾ｍ。高应变速率区的激活能Ｑ为３１４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，与Ｆｅ的自扩散激活能Ｑｓｄ相当，变形由空位扩散所控制；而低应变速率区的Ｑ为２０２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，约     

Ti—24Al—14Nb—3V—0.5Mo合金的超塑性

研究了温度及应变速率对Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１４Ｎｂ－３Ｖ－０．５Ｍｏ（ａｔ－％）合金超塑性能的影响。试验结果表明，在９８０℃，３．５×１０＾－＾４ｓ＾－＾１的最佳超塑变形条件下，合金显示出较高的超塑性；应变速率敏感性指数ｍ为０．６９，拉伸延伸率Ｅｌ．为８１８％。根据其细小的α２＋β０两相组织和等温拉伸的试验方法，确定合金的超塑性属于细晶组织超塑性。在超塑变形过程中，合金无空洞产生，显微组织发生动态粗化     

大晶粒FeAl合金超塑性变形的显微组织演变和变形激活能

本文对大晶粒ＦｅＡｌ金属间化合物塑性变形的微观组织演变进行了研究，并测定了其超塑性变形激活能，显微组织分析表明，合金的超塑性变形是一个晶粒变形，内部形成亚晶界，进而亚晶界向晶界转换，从而使晶粒得以细化的过程，Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ，Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ－１Ｔｉ和Ｆｅ－３６．５Ａｌ－２Ｔｉ合金变形激活能的测定值分别为３７０，２９０和２６０ｋＪ．ｍｏｌ＾－１大大低于其他的ＦｅＡｌ基合金蠕变激活能，表明超塑性     

Fe_3Al与水汽及氧气的表面反应

用ＡＥＳ及ＳＰＳ研究了Ｆｅ３Ａｌ与水汽及氧气表面反应动力学。表明二者的反应速度都很快，且都在１．５×１０－６Ｐａ·ｓ反应即开始当暴露量达１×１０－４Ｐａ·ｓ，水汽与Ｆｅ３Ａｌ反应达到稳定值，反应产物为Ａｌ２Ｏ３．Ｆｅ３Ａｌ与氧气的反应在１．５×１０－５Ｐａ·ｓ时达到稳定，此时主要是Ａｌ的氧化，当暴露量达３×１０－２Ｐａ·ｓ，Ｆｅ３Ａｌ与氧的反应达到第二阶段平衡，此时主要为Ｆｅ的氧化．上述表面反应动力学可用来圆满解释金属间化合物在不同环境气氛中的拉伸结果．     

离子注入Ce对Fe—23Cr—5Al合金上AI2O3膜生长应力的影响

利用双面氧化弯曲方法原位测量了Ｆｅ－２３Ｃｒ－５Ａｌ合金空气中氧化形成的ＡＩ２Ｏ３膜平均生长应力。ＡＩ２Ｏ３膜内存在压应力。９００℃下氧化２０ｈ,膜内应力从３．５降低到２ＧＰａ,１０００℃下氧化１０ｈ,膜内应力从０．８降低到０．４ＧＰａ,合金表面离子注入１×１０＾１７Ｃｅ＾＋／ｃｍ＾２,增大了ＡＩ２Ｏ３膜的生长应力,其原因是添加稀土促进膜的横向生长,离子注入Ｃｅ同时增大了合金的氧化速率,促进了ＡＩ     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。