直流电弧等离子体法制备In(Sn)-O及Sn(In)(Sb)-O系纳米颗粒（英文）

采用一种新的直流电弧等离子体法,通过对熔融的金属进行爆破(或气化),制备出了单相SnO_2、In_2O_3纳米颗粒以及In_2O_3:Sn(ITO)、SnO_2:Sb(ATO)和SnO_2:In:Sb(IATO)多元复合纳米颗粒。XRD结果表明,所制备的SnO_2和In_2O_3基多元复合纳米颗粒均为单相结构,没有其它杂相;TEM结果表明,直流电弧等离子体所制备的单相纳米颗粒分散性好,尺寸20～50 nm。该法合成的纳米ITO和ATO颗粒所制备的ITO靶材和SnO_2电极密度高、电阻率低,表明所制备的ITO和ATO纳米颗粒可以应用于平板显示和导电电极领域。     

直流电弧等离子体法制备In(Sn)-O及Sn(In)(Sb)-O系纳米颗粒

采用一种新的直流电弧等离子体法,通过对熔融的金属进行爆破(或气化),制备出了单相SnO₂、In₂O₃纳米颗粒以及In₂O₃:Sn (ITO)、SnO₂:Sb (ATO)和SnO₂:In:Sb (IATO)多元复合纳米颗粒。XRD结果表明,所制备的SnO₂和In₂O₃基多元复合纳米颗粒均为单相结构,没有其它杂相;TEM结果表明,直流电弧等离子体所制备的单相纳米颗粒分散性好,尺寸约20-50nm。该法合成的纳米ITO和ATO颗粒所制备的ITO靶材和SnO₂电极密度高、电阻率低,表明所制备的ITO和ATO纳米颗粒可以应用于平板显示和导电电极领域。     

Sb掺杂量对ATO纳米颗粒结构及激光吸收性能的影响(英文)

以SnCl4·5H2O和SbCl3为原料,采用共沉淀法制备不同Sb掺杂量的氧化锡锑(ATO)纳米粉末。分别采用XRD、FESEM、紫外可见分光光度计和激光器对晶体结构、形貌、激光反射率进行表征,研究Sb掺杂量对ATO纳米颗粒的结构、晶粒尺寸和激光反射性能的影响。结果表明:共沉淀法制备的ATO纳米颗粒为四方相金红石结构,粒径大小约为几十纳米;随着Sb掺杂量的增加,ATO的晶粒尺寸减小,晶胞体积则逐渐增大;与未掺杂的SnO2粉末相比,Sb掺杂后的ATO粉末在1.06μm激光波长处的反射率明显低于未掺杂的SnO2的反射率;随着Sb掺杂量的增加,反射率值呈先减小后增大的趋势,在Sb掺杂量为20%时,ATO粉末在1.06μm激光波长处的反射率低于0.02%,激光隐身性能最佳。     

水性透明隔热涂料中纳米 ATO 的分散技术

为解决纳米ATO在水中的分散问题,通过沉降实验和测定Zeta电位,考查了pH值、分散剂及其用量、研磨时间等对纳米ATO浆料分散稳定性的影响,得出了最佳分散条件:采用高分子型分散剂Tech-6300,pH值8～9,研磨时间为12 h。对最佳分散条件制备的ATO水性浆料进行粒径检测和透射电镜观察,结果表明,ATO水性浆料的粒径在100 nm以内,达到了纳米级别,分散稳定性较好。     

纳米ATO／PP复合材料的结构与导电性能

分别采用超声波辅助溶液共混和熔融共混的方式制备了ATO／PP复合材料，采用扫描电镜对比分析了复合材料的微观相态结构及导电性能，采用广角X衍射及偏光显微镜研究了纳米ATO的加入对PP结晶性能的影响。结果表明：采用溶液混合并用超声辅助分散的方法使纳米ATO在PP基体中分散良好，在纳米ATO含量较低的情况下就可以获导电性能良好的复合材料；纳米ATO的加入起到了异相成核作用，使PP晶粒细化，但ATO的加入没有改变PP的结晶形态，ATO／PP纳米复合材料的结晶形态仍属于α晶型。     

微纳米LiFePO4正极材料的研究进展

纳米LiFePO4正极材料由于具有颗粒小、比表面积大的优势,是改善其动力学性能的有效手段,但由于较差的加工性能使其发展受限。通过纳微组装制备一次粒子为纳米颗粒,二次粒子为微米颗粒的微纳米LiFePO4正极材料可以改善纳米材料的加工性能。本文综述了近期微纳米LiFePO4正极材料的研究方向,主要介绍了规则形貌的微纳米LiFePO4正极材料的研究进展。     

非均相成核法制备ATO纳米粉末及其性能

Sb掺杂SnO2(Antimonydopedtinoxide,简称ATO)纳米导电粉末具有优良的电学性能,少量的Sb掺杂即可达到抗静电要求,而且不改变基体的性质。采用非均相成核法制备了ATO纳米导电粉末,研究了晶种浓度、反应温度、分散剂对粉末粒径、电阻率等性能的影响;并对其进行了晶粒粒径、物相、微观结构、DTA-TG、表观形貌和能谱分析。结果表明,粉末晶粒粒径为6nm;掺杂Sb没有在SnO2中形成新相;电阻率为0.23?·cm;ATO干凝胶的煅烧过程经历了4个过程;ATO颗粒呈不规则的椭圆状,且分散良好;Sb掺杂均匀性一般。     

纳米生体材料

所谓纳米材料与传统材料不同之处,在于它通过原子级排列的控制而有可能出现表面特性的量子现象。纳米材料在医疗技术领域受到了特殊的关注,纳米材料已用于骨、软骨、血管、膀胱以及末稍神经的再生研究方面,确认了这种材料在这些组织的再生上是有效的,认为纳米材料在生体组织的构造以及细胞-材料之间的相互作用上发挥着重要作用。为了进一步确认和深入的进行研究,开发纳米分析仪器是十分必要的。当今正在医疗领域实用化开发的金属纳米材料,主要有纳米金颗粒、纳米白金颗粒、纳米二氧化钛颗粒等,纳米金和纳米白金颗粒主要是基于它们强力的表面…     

纳米材料的颗粒尺寸分析方法

介绍了纳米材料颗粒尺寸的定义，对测量纳米颗粒尺寸的常规方法及其特点进行了评述，同时介绍了测量纳米颗粒尺寸的一些新方法。     

生物合成纳米晶的研究进展

生物合成纳米材料具有独特的生物光、电、光化学等性质,为纳米材料的应用开辟了新的应用领域。生物合成主要是利用生物分子、微生物、植物及其提取物的还原特性参与纳米晶的合成,具有原料来源广,反应条件温和,产物纳米颗粒不易团聚,以及过程加入的化学试剂和产生的有毒副产物少等特点。生物合成纳米材料,就是在纳米颗粒的生长环境中加入生物分子化合物（微生物如真菌、酵母菌、细菌、放线菌和植物及其提取物）,该化合物一般用作保护剂吸附在纳米颗粒的周围,以防止纳米颗粒的团聚,同样,又赋予生物纳米颗粒生物相容性,增加纳米颗粒在生物医学、食品检测等上面的应用。通过对国内外有关生物纳米晶的合成研究文献的查阅与归纳,本文对微生物、植物及其提取物等生物合成纳米晶的方法进行了综述,并对不同生物还原法所合成的纳米晶的特性进行了归纳和展望,以期对生物合成纳米晶的研究提供参考。     

Preparation of antimony-doped nanoparticles by hydrothermal method

Antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles were prepared by the mild hydrothermal method at 200℃ using sodium stannate, antimony oxide, sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid as the starting materials. The doped powders were examined by differential thermal analysis(DTA), X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The doping levels of antimony were determined by volumetric method and iodimetry.The results show that antimony is incorporated into the crystal lattice of tin oxide and the doping levels of antimony in the resulting powders are 2.4%, 4.3%and 5.1%(molar fraction). The mean particle size of ATO nanoparticles is in the range of 25 - 30 nm. The effects of antimony doping level on the crystalline size and crystallinity were also discussed.     

Influences of dehydrating process on properties of ATO nano-powders

1　INTRODUCTIONCrystallineSbdopedtinoxide (ATO) ,cassiteritestructure ,isawidebandgapn typesemiconductor.Be causeofitsopticalproperty (transparentforvisiblelightandreflectiveforIR )andelectroconductibility ,goodchemicalandmechanicalstability ,ithasmanyapplica tions,suchastransparentconductiveelectrodes ,photo voltaicdevices ,photosensors ,catalyst,antistaticcoatingsandelectrochromicmaterials[14 ] .AvarietyoftechniqueshavebeenusedtoprepareATOsuperfinepowders ,someinvolvedryprocesses ,ot…     

Stability of Y-Ti-O nanoparticles during laser deposition of oxide dispersion strengthened steel powder

This study investigated the feasibility of a direct energy deposition process for fabrication of oxide dispersion strengthened steel cladding. The effect of the laser working power and scan speed on the microstructural stability of oxide nanoparticles in the deposition layer was examined. Y-Ti-O type oxide nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 45 nm were successfully dispersed by the laser deposition process. The laser working power significantly affected nanoparticle size and number density. A high laser power with a low scan speed seriously induced particle coarsening and agglomeration. Compared with bulk oxide dispersion strengthened steel, the hardness of the laser deposition layer was much lower because of a relatively coarse particle and grain size. Formation mechanism of nanoparticles during laser deposition was discussed.     

一种新的磁控溅射在二氧化钛纳米颗粒表面负载纳米金的方法

目的将通常不适用于颗粒基底的磁控溅射方法应用于纳米颗粒基底,以探索简单、快速、无污染的纳米颗粒表面负载金属新方法。方法采用往复摆动样品台和变频振动发生器,将二氧化钛纳米颗粒充分分散,用磁控溅射方法在其表面负载了金属金纳米点,并初步研究了不同溅射功率对实验结果的影响。借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)与X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)对所制备的纳米复合颗粒进行了形貌、结构和成分表征。结果使用磁控溅射方法,在平均粒径为21 nm的二氧化钛颗粒表面成功负载了粒径约1~10 nm的金属金纳米点,其分布均匀,与基底产生了紧密结合。结论磁控溅射方法可以应用于纳米颗粒表面负载金属。     

Electrochemical preparation and characterization of gold-polyaniline core-shell nanocomposites on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

A simple electrochemical method for the in situ preparation of homogeneously dispersed gold-polyaniline core/shell nanocomposite particles with controlled size on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG)was demonstrated.The HOPG surface was modified preferentially by covalent bonding of a two-dimensional 4-aminophenyl monolayer employing diazonium chemistry.AuCl4 -ions were attached to the Ar-NH2 termination and reduced electrochemically.This results in the formation of Au nuclei that could be further grown into gold nanoparticles.The formation of polyaniline as the shell wrap of Au nanoparticle was established by localized electro-polymerization.These core-shell nanocomposites prepared were characterized by AFM and cyclic voltammetry.The results show that the gold-polyaniline core-shell composites on HOPG have a mean particle size of 100 nm in diameter and the polyaniline shell thickness is about 15 nm.     

直流电弧等离子体制备NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒

采用直流电弧等离子体技术制备NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒,对初产物经过钝化处理得到有氧化膜保护的NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒.采用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、热重和差示扫描量热分析仪(TGA/DSC)以及傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)等手段对试样的成分、表面组成、形貌、晶体结构、粒度、红外吸收性能和氧化特性进行了分析.结果表明:经过表面钝化处理的NiO包覆Ni纳米颗粒具有明显的核-壳结构,内核为纳米Ni,外壳为NiO氧化物;颗粒呈球形,粒度均匀,分散性良好,粒径分布在20～70 nm范围,平均粒径为44 nm,壳层氧化膜的厚度为5～8 nm;壳核结构可防止纳米Ni颗粒的进一步氧化和团聚,且使红外吸收峰发生蓝移.     

Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on carbon-nanotubes/graphite electrode modified with platinum and molybdenum oxide nanoparticles

Electrochemical codeposition and electrocatalytic properties of platinum and molybdenum oxide nanoparticles(Pt-MoOx) on carbon-nanotubes/graphite electrode for methanol oxidation were investigated.The micrograph and elemental composition of the resulting Pt-MoOx/CNTs/graphite electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that the Pt-MoOx particles with the average size of about 50 nm are highly dispersed on the CNTs surface.The Pt-MoOx/CNTs/graphite electrode delivers excellent electrocatalytic properties for methanol oxidation.The highest mass activity(Am)reaches 264.8 A/g at the loading mass of 159.3μg/cm2.This may be attributed to the small particle size and high dispersion of Pt-MoOx catalysts deposited on the CNTs surface.The kinetic analysis from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)reveals that the existed MoOx phase can improve the chemisorptive and catalytic properties for methanol oxidation.