LD抽运高重复频率四通放大MOPA系统中的光纤相位共轭研究

报道了利用多模光纤作为相位共轭镜应用于重复频率100Hz。脉宽20ns的电光调Q四通放大LD抽运激光器的实验研究。由于光纤受激布里渊散射(SBS)存在的阈值效应，可以抑止使用平面全反镜的四通放大系统中难以克服的放大级自振荡(SO)和放大自发辐射(ASE)效应．以获得高能量高光束质量的激光输出。实验中在20ns．100Hz和注入光纤能量4．6mJ的情况下获得了4．1mJ的1064nm的基模激光输出。激光光束模式接近TEMoo模．且脉宽被压缩至4．7ns。在使用了光纤相位共轭镜的四通放大技术后，很好地补偿了由板条放大器热效应造成的光斑畸变。输出光斑很好地复原了振荡级输出光斑的光强空间分布。     

Large Mode Area Fibers for High Power Applications

We review our recent work toward designing large mode area fibers for high power applications. We show that appropriately designed doped multimode fibers can be used to provide robust single-mode output when used in fiber laser cavities. Single-mode (SM) fiber mode field diameters of ∼ 35 μm are demonstrated with record SM pulse energies of 0.5 mJ at 1550 nm with a repetition rate of 200 Hz. Energies approaching 1 mJ are obtained with a slight compromise in mode quality. A modification in the laser cavity results in a passively modelocked laser giving femtosecond pulses with nanojoule energies.     

低重复频率脉冲掺镱光纤放大器

为了研究低重复频率两级脉冲掺Yb3+光纤放大器,采用脉冲信号驱动的半导体激光器作为种子光源,产生重频100Hz、半峰全宽100ns、能量30nJ的矩形光脉冲。第1级放大采用单模掺Yb3+光纤放大器,双程放大方案有效地抑制了放大自发辐射,放大后的脉冲能量达到了8.2μJ。第2级放大采用纤芯直径15μm的双包层掺Yb3+光纤放大器,大功率多模半导体激光器连续抽运。结果在抽运功率为7.3W时,放大输出脉冲能量达到了242μJ,放大输出半峰全宽压缩为29ns。输出的光束质量较好,为准单模输出。结果表明,该光纤放大器输出脉冲能量高,具有全光纤化、结构简单的特点。     

弯曲直径对多模光纤激光器输出性能的影响

大模场面积(LMA)多模光纤激光器的输出性能与光纤的弯曲程度有关。为研究两者之间的关系,在光纤不同弯曲直径下,对多模光纤激光器的输出性能进行了实验测量和理论计算。采用刀口法测量了不同弯曲直径下的激光光束质量因子M~2,并对每种情况下光纤激光器的斜率效率进行了测量。光纤弯曲直径分别为285 mm, 195 mm和130 mm时,多模光纤激光器光束质量因子M~2为2．88,1．82和1．67,斜率效率为39％,35％和34％。另外,对于实验所采用的大模场面积多模光纤,理论计算了各模式损耗与光纤弯曲直径的关系。     

Influence of bending diameter on output capability of multimode fiber laser

The output capability of large mode area (LMA) multimode fiber laser depends on the fiber bending. To study the relationship, the output capability of multimode fiber laser was measured under various bending diameters, and it was also theoretically calculated. Measured respectively were the beam quality factor M2, by means of knife edge for the different bending diameters of LMA fiber, and the slope efficiency. When the bending diameters 285, 195 and 130 mm were used, zthe corresponding beam quality factors were 2.88, 1.82and 1.67 with the slope efficiency at 39%, 35% and 34%,respectively. In addition, for the LMA multimode fiber used in the experiment, losses of different modes were calculated theoretically under various bending diameters.The experimental results correspond to the calculated results.     

主振荡功率放大激光器中锥度光纤相位共轭镜的实验研究

锥度光纤作为相位共轭镜具有高反射率、高保真度等优点，将3根自制的、规格不同的锥度光纤相位共轭镜应用在重复频率100Hz，脉宽28ns的激光二极管(LD)抽运的高功率脉冲激光主振荡功率放大器(MOPA)系统中，对其受激布里渊散射(SBS)性能以及锥度区尺寸的影响进行了研究。结果表明，芯径大于400μm的大尺寸锥度光纤可以应用于高功率激光系统中，如选择较长的后端光纤长度以及适当的锥度区规格可获得较高的受激布里渊散射能量反射率和输出能量。在应用总长5．2m，锥度区从φ400μm过渡到φ200μm的锥度光纤时，实验获得了高达85％的受激布里渊散射能量反射率和大于21mJ的双通输出能量，激光脉宽被压缩到17ns，最大峰值功率达到兆瓦量级。     

扩芯-拉锥技术对光子晶体光纤合束器性能的改善

设计了一种新型的光子晶体光纤(PCF)合束器,利用光子晶体光纤的后处理技术塌缩纤芯周围的三圈空气孔使纤芯直径增大,再对PCF合束器进行熔融拉锥,将多路熔融拉锥后的光子晶体光纤熔接到一路多模光纤作为输出端。通过数值模拟计算得到:扩芯-拉锥PCF合束器在入射不同波长时的轴向损耗远小于直接拉锥PCF合束器。     

Design, performance, and limitations of fibers for cladding-pumped Raman lasers

In this paper, we present basic design rules for double-clad fibers that enable efficient 1st-Stokes operation of cladding-pumped fiber Raman devices. Limiting factors that we treat include unwanted 2nd-Stokes generation, material damage in the core, pump pulse dispersion, inner-cladding NA, background loss, pulse shape and pump noise. With a well-designed fiber, we calculate that a pump-to-signal brightness enhancement of over 2000 is possible, with certain pump parameters. On experimental work, we report a 100 W cladding-pumped fiber Raman laser at 1120 nm. Furthermore, a double-clad Raman fiber with large-mode area, ～40 μm core diameter, pumped by a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser is used to generate Stokes pulses with 1 mJ energy.     

工作在L波段的多波长Er3 /Yb3 共掺光纤激光器

采用Er^3 ／Yb^3 共掺双包层光纤(EYDF)作为增益介质，利用一段标准的多模光纤作为空间梳状滤波器，于室温下实现了5个波长的稳定输出。通过调节偏振控制器的状态，可以实现对波长振荡个数和波长间隔的控制。腔中不加任何的稳定装置，在激光输出功率高于207mw时，仍能够得到多波长的稳定振荡，单一波长的线宽窄于0．15nm，边模抑制比大于32dB。通过优化单模光纤与多模光纤的熔接，选择更加合适的多模光纤，可实现更多波长个数的稳定的多波长输出。     

150ns长脉宽XeCl准分子激光器的研究

通过采用多级Ｌ－Ｃ峰化回路、增大输出镜反射率、改变ＨＣｌ浓度的方法，使ＸｅＣｌ准分子激光的脉冲宽度达到１５０ｎｓ以上（最大脉宽达１７５ｎｓ），单脉冲能量大于１２０ｍＪ。同时对紫外准分子激光的光纤耦合系统进行了研究，直径为０．４，０．６，０．８，１．５ｍｍ的紫外石英光纤的耦合输出能量分别为１０，２９，３９，５８ｍＪ     

Practical design of double-clad ytterbium-doped fiber amplifiers using Giles parameters

We present a simple and accurate method for measuring the Giles parameters of a double-clad ytterbium-doped fiber. The characterization is performed by cut-back on the doped fiber under constant pumping. Using nonlinear curve-fitting of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) power-density spectra, along with iterative solution of the photon balance model, we compute both the small-signal gain at complete population inversion and the small-signal absorption of the fiber. The method successfully predicts the extraction efficiency of an amplifier operating at 1064 nm. The ratio between the signal power and the out-of-band ASE power at the output of the amplifier is also accurately predicted by introducing spurious feedback from the fiber facets in the photon balance model. This work shows that a fiber facet reflectivity of a few thousandths of a percent (-40 to -50) dB can significantly enhance the out-of-band ASE power.     

Tunable, high-power, subpicosecond blue-green dye laser system witha two-stage dye amplifier

A two-stage dye amplifier design has been developed to amplify tunable, blue-green, subpicosecond dye laser pulses which are generated from a hybrid synchronously mode-locked dye oscillator directly (800 fs) or shorter to 200 fs by a fiber compressor stage. This system has achieved single pulse energies of 2 mJ, with an amplified spontaneous emission content of less than 0.1%. Using 40 mJ of the third-harmonic output of an Nd:YAG regenerative amplifier to pump the dye amplifier system, these pulse energies represent an energy extraction efficiency of ~5%. The tunability, stability, and spatial and temporal quality of the output pulses from the system have also been characterized     

全光纤结构高增益脉冲光纤放大器的实验研究

为了探讨多级级联掺镱光纤放大器的脉冲放大特性,采用主振功率放大技术(MOPA),实验研究了3级级联、全光纤结构的高增益脉冲激光放大器。通过优化各放大级增益光纤的长度和抽运光功率的大小,在保证高放大增益的同时,抑制了掺镱光纤中自发辐射光的自生激光振荡,并对第2放大级进行了结构优化。在脉冲激光放大过程中实现了中心波长1064nm、脉冲宽度19ns、重复频率5kHz、峰值功率3.8kW、总放大增益达43.8dB的稳定激光输出。同时,制作完成了1台结构紧凑、全光纤结构的脉冲光纤放大器样机,对重复频率1Hz的低频脉冲信号进行了放大实验,也得到了43.2dB的输出信号增益。结果表明,本脉冲光纤放大器对低频脉冲信号有很好的放大效果。     

大芯径功率光纤中传输的激光束质量与偏振度研究

研究了在大芯径、多模功率光纤中传输的激光束光束质量和偏振与光纤长度的关系。用芯径为0．6mm的国产石英光纤及芯径为0．4mm和0．6mm的3M光纤做样品，实验结果表明输出光束的光束质量因子M^2值是光纤长度的双曲正切复合函数。线偏振光经光纤后其偏振度随光纤长度的变化呈指数衰减的关系。     

Efficient gain-switched operation of a Tm-doped silica fiber laser

We present the results from experiments relating to a gain-switched Tm-doped silica fiber laser in which a gain-switched Nd:YAG laser is used to pump the ³H₅ energy level of the Tm³⁺ dopant ion. This fiber laser configuration is the first example to our knowledge of a moderate energy gain-switched fiber laser which is pumped with a low-repetition-rate high-energy pulsed laser. For a near-optimized cavity, the gain-switched fiber laser produces a maximum pulse energy of 1.46 mJ at a maximum linear slope efficiency of 20% and a total optical-to-optical efficiency (with respect to the launched energy) of 19%. At low pump energies, the slope efficiency is approximately 40%, however, saturation of the output pulse energy is observed with the increase in the launched pump energy. We also present results from a numerical model that simulates ³H ₅-band pumping and includes all of the known pump excited-state absorption (ESA) mechanisms and, in addition, four cross-relaxation mechanisms have also been included. The calculations establish that the pump ESA mechanism contributes only a small loss factor to the overall efficiency of the laser when the Tm-doped silica fiber laser is pumped at low pump energies, however, as the pump energy is increased, losses due to pump ESA limit the amount of output energy from the fiber laser. The loss mechanism is mainly attributed to pump ESA from the ³H₄ upper laser level to the combined ³F_2,3 energy level at low launched pump energies because of the large absorption cross section for this transition and the relatively long lifetime of the ³H₄ energy level. For harder pumping conditions, the majority of the excited state population resides in the ¹G₄ level, inhibiting in some laser configurations gain-switching of the fiber laser until cessation of the pump pulse itself     

双包层光纤放大器小信号时放大的自发辐射特性研究

基于速率方程,针对不同的泵浦方式,对双包层Er^3＋／Yb^3＋共掺光纤放大器小信号放大时放大的自发辐射（ASE）特性进行了全面研究。研究结果表明：反向泵浦时,ASE＋输出功率大于ASE-输出功率,各波长分量对ASE＋输出功率的贡献大于该波长分量对ASE-输出功率的贡献;增加纤芯数值孔径,无论正向泵浦还是反向泵浦,ASE输出功率都单调减小;当包层对芯径面积之比小于某一特定值时,对于反向泵浦,ASE＋输出功率大于ASE-输出功率。这些特点显示了小信号放大时ASE与大信号放大时ASE所存在的差异。     

高能量1 ns Nd:YAG激光器系统

为了实现高能量、窄脉宽的输出,设计了一种半导体端面泵浦Nd:YVO4的主振荡器与功率放大器(MOPA)结构的Nd:YAG激光器。半导体端面泵浦布儒斯特切角Nd:YVO4晶体调Q主振荡器,获得了单脉冲能量0.16mJ,重复频率5Hz,脉冲宽度0.964ns的种子激光输出。通过使用光隔离器和端面切角的Nd:YAG晶体,避免了Nd:YAG双通预放大器的ASE效应,获得了单脉冲能量88mJ,脉宽0.972ns的激光输出。通过空间滤波器后,两级主放大器单通放大后,最终获得了单脉冲能量大于3.25J,脉宽1.051ns,M2为1.9,不稳定度小于±3%ns激光放大输出。     

高增益亚纳秒脉宽激光Nd:YAG双通放大器

对亚纳秒脉宽激光脉冲进行了双通放大的实验研究。双通放大器增益介质掺杂原子数分数为1.0%,3 mm×120 mm的Nd:YAG棒。为了消除自激振荡和放大自发辐射(ASE)效应,Nd:YAG棒两端面采用1.5°倾角设计。为了获得较高的能量提取效率,通过选择合适的扩束镜倍率,保证主振荡器输出的种子激光光斑面积大约为晶体棒端面面积的80%。主振荡器输出的单脉冲能量为0.16 mJ,重复频率为5 Hz,脉冲宽度为0.964 ns,M2为1.5的种子激光,经过Nd:YAG双通放大后,得到了单脉冲能量88 mJ,脉宽0.975 ns,M2为1.7,不稳定度小于±3%,550倍的稳定高增益亚纳秒激光双通放大输出。     

Compact high-energy Q-switched cladding-pumped fiber laser with atuning range over 40 nm

We describe a compact Q-switched diode pumped double-clad ytterbium-doped fiber laser. The fiber laser was bidirectionally pumped by two laser diodes (2 W of output power each) via two side-injecting pump-couplers. We used a large multimode core of 15 μm diameter to increase the laser gain volume and thus to achieve higher pulse energy. Experimentally this laser produced pulses with energy up to 170 μJ with a peak power of 2 kW (at a low repetition rate of 500 Hz) and was tunable from 1060 to 1100 nm     

Mode-coupling control and new index profile of GI POF for restricted-launch condition in very-short-reach networks

This paper confirms that numerical aperture (NA) is a key factor in mode coupling [the energy transfer among propagating modes in multimode fibers (MMF)] and that providing a high NA is a viable solution to reduce mode coupling in graded-index plastic optical fibers (GI POFs). Furthermore, the authors propose a new refractive-index-profile design of GI POFs when only small mode groups are launched (restricted-launch condition), which is a combined profile with the index exponents lower and higher than optimum value for the core center and periphery, respectively. The advantage of the new index profile is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Furthermore, it is verified that the high-bandwidth performance of GI POF with the new index profile under the restricted-launch condition is maintained even when statistical fiber bendings are added to the GI POF and when misalignment is caused at the optical coupling between the light source and the GI POF.