大庆教育文化中心大剧场录音室声学设计

录音室的声学设计是录音室设计中的技术核心部分,主要包括背景噪声控制和混响时间控制.声学设计工作有隔声减振设计、体型扩散设计、吸声装修设计、空调消声设计等几方面,涉及建筑、结构、空调和装修等工种.以大庆大剧院录音室声学设计为例.详细介绍了录音室声学设计的过程和工程经验.     

Bioinspired Graphene Actuators Prepared by Unilateral UV Irradiation of Graphene Oxide Papers

Inspired by natural autonomous systems that demonstrate controllable shape, appearance, and actuation under external stimuli, a facile preparation of moisture responsive graphene‐based smart actuators by unilateral UV irradiation of graphene oxide (GO) papers is reported. UV irradiation of GO is found to be an effective protocol to trigger the reduction of GO; however, due to the limited light transmittance and thermal relaxation, thick GO paper cannot be fully reduced. Consequently, by tuning the photoreduction gradient, anisotropic GO/reduced GO (RGO) bilayer structure can be easily prepared toward actuation application. To get better control over the responsive properties, GO/RGO bilayer paper with a certain curvature and RGO patterns are successfully prepared for actuator design. As representative examples, smart humidity‐driven graphene actuators that mimic the cilia of respiratory tract and tendril climber plant are successfully developed for controllable objects transport.     

广播声学用房声装设计及施工工艺探析

贵州广播电视台业务用房二期工程作为贵州广播电视台广播核心业务用房,其区域设置的文艺录音室、语录室、直播间等共36个声学房间,均对声学环境要求非常高.因此,在对声学房间声装中采用房中房设计,对声学房间地面、墙面和顶面采取浮筑、隔声和吸声等施工工艺,合理搭配各种隔声、吸声材料,满足设计的声学指标和声学环境的要求.     

斜置微穿孔板结构声学特性计算与试验研究

采用声电类比法计算斜置微穿孔板结构吸声性能存在误差.运用阻抗转移法计算斜置结构的吸声系数,用假想平面将斜置微穿孔板结构离散为若干个等宽定空腔的吸声单元,建立简化模型,采用阻抗转移计算每个吸声单元的吸声系数,综合各单元吸声系数,获得整个结构的吸声系数.设计相应的实验比较计算结果表明,采用阻抗转移法计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,声电类比法计算结果偏离实验结果较大.声电类比法采用集中参数分析,需将空腔声阻抗进行近似,造成误差;阻抗转移法不存在这一误差,计算更合理和准确.     

Carbon‐Nanotube‐Reinforced Zr‐Based Bulk Metallic Glass Composites and Their Properties

In this paper, we systematically report the preparation of carbon‐nanotube (CNT)‐reinforced Zr‐based bulk metallic glass (BMG) composites. The physical and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. Compressive testing shows that the composites still display high fracture strength. Investigation also shows that the composites have strong ultrasonic attenuation characteristics and excellent wave absorption ability. The strong wave absorption implies that CNT‐reinforced Zr‐based BMG composites, besides their excellent mechanical properties, may also have significant potential for applications in shielding acoustic sound or environmental noise.     

一种带宽展宽的等离子体超材料吸波体的设计

为了在TE波下获得带宽可展宽（11GHz~14GHz频带内）且可调谐的吸收曲线，提出了一种新型超材料吸波体，其周期性结构单元采用蜂窝状特有的六边形结构。对该吸波体的参量分析图进行了计算，研究了变量g和d的数值不同时，对吸波体吸收频带及吸收带宽的影响，并解释了蚀刻"十"字形结构吸波体带宽展宽的成因。结果表明，该吸波体在9.17GHz~9.5GHz低频频域的吸收率达到90%以上，当不同的等离子体谐振区域被激励时，可以实现吸波体的分时分频域吸收以及改善吸波体的吸收性能，改变变量g和d可以实现对吸收频带的动态调控；可以通过在方形结构中蚀刻"十"字形结构的方式拓宽高频频域的吸收带宽，其在12.08GHz~13.91GHz频域的吸收率高于90%，改变变量s可以明显展宽吸收频带，且该吸波体对入射电磁波的角度不敏感。该吸波体的设计思路为拓宽吸波体的吸收带宽提供了一种有效的方法。     

江阴广电中心大型演播室建筑声学设计与施工

结合江阴广电中心大型电视演播室建筑声学设计与施工的实际,提出了演播室的建设需求,同时指明建筑声学的重要性,明确演播室声学设计指标与要求,主要为背景噪声和混响时间控制,给出了对隔声、吸声、空调隔振消声、声扩散等声学处理的具体设计思路与施工方法,并对演播室进行了严格的中期测试,提出了改进措施。     

Bioinspired Solar‐Heated Carbon Absorbent for Efficient Cleanup of Highly Viscous Crude Oil

Efficient cleanup of viscous crude oil spill is a worldwide challenge due to its sluggish flowability at room temperature. Conventional oil remediation methods using physical absorbers, skimmers, and vacuum technologies either demonstrate low absorption efficiency or have severe operational restrictions. Inspired by the highly efficient and passive transpiration process in trees, a solar‐heated carbon absorber (HC‐Wood) with an inherited wood structure of aligned channels for rapid crude oil absorption is reported. The unique porous structure of the carbon absorber can extend the light absorption paths, guide the direction of heat transport, and decrease the resistance to oil flows, endowing the carbon absorber a large efficiency of solar absorption (>99% of the incident irradiation), excellent thermal management, and fast capillarity‐driven oil absorption behavior. The low tortuosity of the porous structure together with the efficient solar‐thermal conversion enable the absorber to demonstrate a crude oil absorption rate of 1550 mL m^?2 in 30 s under 1 sun irradiation, which is 10 times faster than previously reported results for passive absorption of viscous crude oil. Given the unique structural design, low operating cost, and rapid oil absorption speed, this work provides a promising solution for addressing catastrophic large‐area viscous oil spills.     

High‐Efficiency and Low Distortion Photoacoustic Effect in 3D Graphene Sponge

The conversion of light in sound plays a crucial role in spectroscopy, applied physics, and technology. In this paper, light‐sound conversion in 3D graphene sponge through a photo‐thermoacoustic mechanism is reported. It is shown that the unique combination of mechanical, optical, and thermodynamic properties of graphene assembled in a 3D sponge structure allows an unprecedented high efficiency conversion independent of light wavelength from infrared to ultraviolet. As a first application of this effect, a photothermal based graphene sponge loudspeaker is demonstrated, providing a full digital operation for frequencies from acoustic to ultrasound. The present results suggest a new pathway for light generation and control of sound and ultrasound signals potentially usable in a variety of new technological applications from high‐fidelity loudspeaker and radiation detectors to medical devices.     

江阴广播电台直播室建筑声学设计

结合江阴广播电台直播室建筑声学设计的实际,提出了直播室的建设需求,同时指明建筑声学的重要性,明确直播室声学设计指标与要求,主要为背景噪声和混响时间控制,给出了对室内隔声、吸声、声扩散及空调隔振消声等声学处理的具体设计思路.     

Multifunctional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Aerogel for Self‐Cleaning,Heat‐Insulating,and Highly Efficient Microwave Absorbing Material

Multifunctionalization is the future development direction for microwave absorbing materials, but has not yet been explored. The effective integration of multiple functions into one material remains a huge challenge. Herein, an aerogel‐type microwave absorber assembled with multidimensional organic and inorganic components is synthesized. Polyacrylonitrile fibers and polybenzoxazine membranes work as the skeleton and crosslinker, respectively, forming a 3D framework, in which carbon nanotubes are interconnected into an electrically conductive network, and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed throughout the aerogel. Remarkably, the microwave absorption performances of the aerogel achieve ultralight, ultrathin (1.5 mm), and strong absorption (reflection loss of ?59.85 dB) features. In particular, its specific reflection loss values considerably outperform the current magnetic–dielectric hybrids with similar components. Moreover, the aerogel possesses strong hydrophobicity and good thermal insulation, endowing it attractive functions of self‐cleaning, infrared stealth, and heat insulation that is even comparable to commercial products. The excellent multifunction benefits from the cellular structure of aerogel, the assembly of multidimensional nanomaterials, and the synergistic effect of organic–inorganic components. This study paves the way for designing next‐generation microwave absorbing materials with great potential for multifunctional applications.     

多孔径微穿孔板的主动吸声仿真研究

提出一种基于多孔径微穿孔板的主动吸声方法,在微穿孔板的空腔内横向放置可上下移动的隔板。从理论上说明了移动隔板改变声阻抗的可行性,利用数值分析法进一步比较了两种隔板移动方法对3种典型参数多孔径微穿孔板吸声性能的影响。对于15mm背腔的多孔径微穿孔板,在800~1 900Hz频段内平均吸声系数的分析结果达到0.85,表明该主动吸声方法的有效性,同时也为拓宽微穿孔板吸声体的频带提供了新思路。     

光学透明和双波段吸波超材料的设计与性能

设计和制作了一种基于超材料的光学透明和双波段吸波体,吸波体基本单元由ITO 十字微结构加补丁结构、玻璃及ITO 膜组成。采用时域有限差分法,研究了十字微结构加补丁结构参数对吸波体电磁性能的影响。仿真结果表明,补丁结构的加入,可以实现双波段高效吸收电磁波,材料在8.5 ~11 GHz 和14.5 ~16.5 GHz 频率范围内反射率小于-10 dB。根据仿真结果,制作了透明吸波体样品,测试了材料反射率和透光率,测试反射率结果与仿真结果吻合得较好,且在可见光区及近红外区透光率达到70%以上。     

微穿孔板结构特性理论对比分析

传统的声电类比法在单层微穿孔板吸声结构中的计算,得到广泛应用,但由于在双层微穿孔板结构中存在较大误差,于是提出用传递矩阵法对微穿孔板吸声结构进行分析。本文对比分析声电类比法与传递矩阵法在微穿孔板结构模型中的应用,从而有效设计微穿孔板吸声结构参数设计的实验方案。     

水下隔声材料的声学优化设计

将约束优化理论引入声学设计领域,以带结构的水下隔声层为分析对象,阐述了序列二次规划算法用于声学优化设计的基本过程和关键步骤。通过对带结构的水下隔声层所用橡胶材料参数的优化设计,为水下隔声橡胶的参数设计提供了设计的基本方向,对于提高其水下隔声性能具有重要意义。     

用于局部放电探测的超声光纤传感方法

局部放电是一种有效的高压部件绝缘性能检测方法,可通过声、光及电等信号的探测来有效预报绝缘劣化程度。该文建立了基于局部放电超声信号检测的光纤传感器测试系统,使用Mach-zehnder光干涉法来检测声信号导致的光程差,测算测量回路的微小机械形变。实际测试结果表明,该系统具有高的测试灵敏度,可精确测量纳米级的机械形变,准确反映局部放电过程引起的超声信号。采用该光纤传感系统可对多层陶瓷器件的局部放电进行跟踪测量。     

pH‐Responsive Cyanine‐Grafted Graphene Oxide for Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer‐Enhanced Photothermal Therapy

Stimuli‐responsive anticancer agents are of particular interest in the field of cancer therapy. Nevertheless, so far stimuli‐responsive photothermal agents have been explored with limited success for cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). In this work, as a proof‐of‐concept, a pH‐responsive photothermal nanoconjugate for enhanced PTT efficacy, in which graphene oxide (GO) with broad NIR absorbance and effective photothermal conversion efficiency is selected as a typical model receptor of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), and grafted cyanine dye (e.g., Cypate) acts as the donor of near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF), is reported for the first time. The conjugate of Cypate‐grafted GO exhibits different conformations in aqueous solutions at various pH, which can trigger pH‐dependent FRET effect between GO and Cypate and thus induce pH‐responsive photothermal effect of GO‐Cypate. GO‐Cypate exhibits severe cell damage owing to the enhanced photothermal effect in lysosomes, and thus generate synergistic PTT efficacy with tumor ablation upon photoirradiation after a single‐dose intravenous injection. The photothermal nanoconjugate with broad NIR absorbance as the effective receptor of FRET can smartly convert emitted NIRF energy from donor cyanine dye into additional photothermal effect for improving PTT. These results suggest that the smart nanoconjugate can act as a promising stimuli‐responsive photothermal nanoplatform for cancer therapy.     

穿孔机械阻抗板的吸声特性研究

为提高低频吸声性能,在机械阻抗板(MIP)上穿少量微孔形成穿孔机械阻抗板(MIPMP)吸声结构。对MIPMP结构吸声性能进行初步研究,建立计算模型,用驻波管测量吸声系数。结果表明,MIPMP结构的吸声为机械阻抗和微穿孔的共同作用。吸声曲线出现两个吸声峰:一个在200~300 Hz,由机械阻抗引起,吸声系数可达0.95;一个出现在300~600Hz,由微穿孔引起。计算模型与实验结果所示趋势一致:随穿孔率的增大,机械阻抗单元吸声峰值先增大后减小,向高频移动,微穿孔单元吸声峰值逐渐减小,带宽增大,向高频移动;随背腔的增厚,机械阻抗单元吸声峰值变大,频率基本不变,微穿孔单元吸声峰值略减小,向低频移动。MIPMP与微穿孔板(MPP)构成的复合吸声结构在200~1 600Hz有好的吸声性能。     

Capacitive Enhancement Mechanisms and Design Principles of High‐Performance Graphene Oxide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors

Graphene oxide (GO)‐based all‐solid‐state supercapacitors (GO‐A3Ss) are superior over liquid electrolyte‐based supercapacitors and capable of being integrated on a single chip in various geometry shapes for the use of future smart wearable electronics field as a fast energy storage device, but their capacitance need to be improved. Here, a new approach has been developed for enhancing the capacitive capability of the supercapacitors through molecular dynamics simulations with the first‐principle input. A theoretical model of charge storage is developed to understand the unique capacitive enhancement mechanism and to predict the capacitance of the GO‐A3Ss, which agrees well with the experimental observations. A novel supercapacitor with GO and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) alternatively layered structures is designed based on the model, and its energy density is the highest among conventional supercapacitors using liquid electrolytes and all‐solid‐state supercapacitors using aerogels or hydrogels as the solid‐state electrolyte. Based on the predictions, two new types of high‐performance GO/rGO multilayered capacitors are proposed to meet different practical applications. The results of this work provide an approach for the design of high‐performance all‐solid‐state supercapacitors based on GO and rGO materials.     

减少音箱振动影响的技术途径初探

对音箱的无益振动和现有的处理技术作了分析,并对"单元悬浮技术"和在音箱里采用"穿孔板吸声结构"的新技术途径进行初步探讨。"单元悬浮技术"可以达到目前最好的振动隔离,而"穿孔板吸声结构"在音箱里的应用,不但解决了音箱内的低频声波未能得到有效吸收的问题,而且还有降低箱体的驻波、提高隔声量等附加作用。