脂肪酶催化食用废油制备生物柴油

利用脂肪酶为催化剂,食用废油与甲醇反应,制备生物柴油,最佳酯化反应条件为反应温度50℃、脂肪酶催化剂用量为原料量的3%、甲醇与食用废油体积比为3∶1、共溶剂丁酮量为甲醇量的1/6、pH=7,反应时间4h,生物柴油产率可达到78%,对产品的各项指标测定,均达到GB/T20828-2007要求,指标并与0#石化柴油相接近。     

酶催化餐饮业废油脂生产生物柴油的研究

研究了利用餐饮业废油脂和甲醇,在无溶剂系统中通过脂肪酶的转酯作用来生产生物柴油.结果表明,醇油摩尔比为3∶1时甲醇转化率只能达到48%左右,醇油摩尔比低于1∶1时甲醇转化率能达到95%以上,采用分批添加法,甲醇总转化率可以明显提高到80%以上.反应体系的最适初始水活度应控制在0.54～0.75之间,随着反应温度的升高,酯交换反应的速度加快,但酶失活率也随之增大.     

改性硅藻土固定化脂肪酶催化蓖麻油制备生物柴油

采用改性硅藻土做为载体,用吸附法对脂肪酶进行固定化,对固定条件进行优化,利用固定化脂肪酶催化蓖麻油制备生物柴油,考察反应时间、温度、醇油比及酶用量对转化率的影响和固定化脂肪酶催化合成生物柴油的稳定性。研究表明,硅烷化试剂添加量0.4%、温度30℃和时间4~6 h时固定化脂肪酶的活性最高,在醇油比为9:1,固定化酶用量为蓖麻油质量的4%,温度为60℃,反应时间为10 h的条件下,生物柴油的产率最高,经过3个批次的反应后,其产率都在40%以上,该固定化酶催化合成生物柴油有良好的工业化前景。     

Heterogeneously Catalyzed Methanolysis of Gmelina Seed Oil to Biodiesel

The heterogeneous catalysis of transesterification of gmelina seed oil to biodiesel is evaluated. The oil was extracted from the seeds with n‐hexane by solvent extraction and characterized to determine its physiochemical properties. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the effect of process variables on the biodiesel yield. The base‐activated clay catalyst performed as montmorillonite clay with the characteristic property of a Brønsted acid. It has an improved surface area after activation that enhanced its catalytic activity on transesterification reaction. Under optimal conditions, the biodiesel yield was 70.1 %, thus demonstrating that the model predicted well the biodiesel production.     

离子液体催化麻疯树果油制备生物柴油

通过两步法制备了一种酸性功能化离子液体[BSO3HMIM]HSO4,以麻疯树果油为原料,考察了离子液体[BSO3HMIM]HSO4催化下,甲醇和麻疯树果油酯交换制备生物柴油的性能。结果表明,当醇油摩尔比为12,离子液体[BSO3HMIM]HSO4用量为6%,反应时间为5h,反应温度为120℃时,生物柴油收率可达93.4%,且离子液体[BSO3HMIM]HSO4具有较好的重复使用能力,重复使用6次后,生物柴油的收率没有明显降低。     

固定化脂肪酶催化酯交换制备生物柴油的研究进展

生物酶法生产生物柴油具有化学催化法不可比拟的优越性,是工业化生产的发展方向。介绍了固定化脂肪酶在催化油脂酯交换制备生物柴油方面的应用,对影响酯交换反应的脂肪酶源、底物摩尔比率、酰基受体、水含量、反应温度、副产物等因素进行了综述。     

棉籽油酯交换制备生物柴油固体碱催化过程研究

生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)可以由棉籽油与甲醇在碱催化剂的作用下通过酯交换反应制得.本实验通过高温煅烧氢氧化镁、碳酸钙及镁-铝水滑石得到了相应的固体碱催化剂MgO、CaO及MgO-Al2O3,并对催化剂活性进行评价.实验结果表明,CaO及MgO-Al2O3具有较高的酯交换反应活性:在230℃,醇油摩尔比12:1及催化剂用量为棉籽油2%(wt)的条件下,反应3 h后,甲酯的收率达到90%以上.CO2-TPD实验结果表明,CaO 及MgO-Al2O3具有较强和较多的碱性位,而催化剂的活性与碱强度及碱性位数量直接相关.     

Brфnsted酸离子液体催化废油脂制备生物柴油

采用磺酸类Br?nsted酸离子液体作为催化剂，研究了不同工艺条件下催化废油脂制备生物柴油的过程. 以地沟油为原料，醇/油摩尔比12:1，催化剂用量为油质量的2%，在140℃下反应5 h，产物中脂肪酸甲酯的含量达到86.8%. 在同样的反应条件下，催化剂重复使用9次后其活性无明显变化. 该催化剂对废油脂制备生物柴油具有较高的催化活性和良好的重复使用性能.     

Optimized Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil by Lipase Immobilized on Magnetic Nanoparticles

Biodiesel, a non-toxic and biodegradable fuel, has recently become a major source of renewable alternative fuels. Utilization of lipase as a biocatalyst to produce biodiesel has advantages over common alkaline catalysts such as mild reaction conditions, easy product separation, and use of waste cooking oil as raw material. In this study, Pseudomonas cepacia lipase immobilized onto magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) was used for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. The optimal dosage of lipase-bound MNP was 40% (w/w of oil) and there was little difference between stepwise addition of methanol at 12 h- and 24 h-intervals. Reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio (methanol/oil), and water content (w/w of oil) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal reaction conditions were 44.2 °C, substrate molar ratio of 5.2, and water content of 12.5%. The predicted and experimental molar conversions of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were 80% and 79%, respectively.     

一种酶法催化合成生物柴油的气相色谱快速测定法

研究了酶法制备生物柴油中各种脂肪甲酯的气相色谱快速定性定量测定方法.实验采用Agilent-INNOWAX毛细管色谱柱,以十七烷酸甲酯为内标,程序升温测定生物柴油中主要脂肪酸甲酯,建立了一种简单、快速、准确的方法.各种脂肪酸甲酯的回收率在97.53%～99.67%之间,标准偏差为0.001 1～0.008 5,变异系数为0.46%～1.60%(n=6).     

固体酸催化棉籽油酯交换制备生物柴油

生物柴油(脂肪酸甲酯)可以由棉籽油与甲醇在酸催化剂的作用下通过酯交换反应制得. 通过硫酸改性氧化钛、氧化锆,并经过高温煅烧得到了相应的固体强酸催化剂TiO2-SO42-, ZrO2-SO42-,并对催化剂活性进行了评价. 实验结果表明,TiO2-SO42-和ZrO2-SO42-与改性前的氧化物相比具有较高的酯交换反应活性. 在230℃、醇油摩尔比12:1及催化剂用量为棉籽油2%(w)的条件下,反应8 h后甲酯的收率达到90%以上. 与固体碱催化剂相比,固体酸催化剂对原料的酸度有更强的适应性. 红外吡啶吸附光谱表明,TiO2-SO42-与ZrO2-SO42-具有较强的L酸和B酸中心.     

微环境中黑曲霉脂肪酶催化油脂水解性能研究

研究了微乳液体系中黑曲霉脂肪酶LIPASE LVK催化红花油水解反应,考察了表面活性剂种类﹑微乳液ω0值、表面活性剂浓度、反应温度﹑p H值、添加剂等因素对水解率的影响,确定了微乳液体系中脂肪酶LIPASE LVK水解红花油的适宜条件:以异辛烷为有机溶剂,[AOT]=0.1mol/L,ω0=49,反应温度25℃,缓冲溶液的p H值为8.0,不加添加剂。     

固体碱催化大豆油制备生物柴油

以Na2Si O3·9H2O为原料制备固体碱催化剂,大豆油和甲醇酯交换反应为模型,优化固体碱焙烧条件。再以最优条件制备的Na2Si O3·9H2O固体碱催化剂优化大豆油和甲醇酯交换工艺。结果表明:硅酸钠固体碱最佳制备条件为煅烧温度400℃、煅烧时间1 h。大豆油和甲醇酯交换反应优化工艺为:反应温度65℃、醇油摩尔比6∶1、反应时间2 h。     

Synthesis of Biodiesel from Canola Oil Using Heterogeneous Base Catalyst

A series of alkali metal (Li, Na, K) promoted alkali earth oxides (CaO, BaO, MgO), as well as K₂CO₃ supported on alumina (Al₂O₃), were prepared and used as catalysts for transesterification of canola oil with methanol. Four catalysts such as K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ and alkali metal (Li, Na, K) promoted BaO were effective for transesterification with >85 wt% of methyl esters. ICP-MS analysis revealed that leaching of barium in ester phase was too high (~1,000 ppm) when BaO based catalysts were used. As barium is highly toxic, these catalysts were not used further for transesterification of canola oil. Optimization of reaction conditions such as molar ratio of alcohol to oil (6:1–12:1), reaction temperature (40–60 °C) and catalyst loading (1–3 wt%) was performed for most efficient and environmentally friendly K₂CO₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst to maximize ester yield using response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM suggested that a molar ratio of alcohol to oil 11.48:1, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and catalyst loading 3.16 wt% were optimum for the production of ester from canola oil. The predicted value of ester yield was 96.3 wt% in 2 h, which was in agreement with the experimental results within 1.28%.     

固体碱催化黄连木籽油制备生物柴油

制备了K2CO3/Mg(A l)O固体碱催化剂,适宜制备条件为:K2CO3负载量30%、在700℃下焙烧4 h。用比表面积测定仪、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪对其进行了表征。以黄连木籽油为原料,开展了酯交换法制备生物柴油的研究,考察了主要影响因素:醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对酯交换反应的影响,得到的酯交换反应适宜条件为:以黄连木籽油0.01 mol计,醇油摩尔比12∶1、催化剂用量为黄连木籽油质量的4.0%、反应时间2.5 h、反应温度68℃。在该条件下生物柴油的收率可达99%以上。催化剂经4次循环使用,生物柴油收率仍可保持在96%以上。用FTIR1、HNMR对所制备的产品进行了表征,证明产品中含有饱和脂肪酸甲酯和不饱和脂肪酸甲酯。     

非均相催化剂两步法催化潲水油制备生物柴油

对取自餐饮的潲水油进行一系列预处理,脱去其中的胶类、色素、水分等杂质,然后用自制的固体酸、固体碱催化剂经"两步法"工艺将其转化为生物柴油。结果发现,在预酯化反应中,催化剂A用量为6%、醇油摩尔比为12∶1,反应2.5 h后,潲水油的酸值由50 mg KOH.g-1降至2 mg KOH.g-1。通过正交实验得到碱催化酯交换反应最佳条件为:反应时间2 h、反应温度100℃、催化剂B用量6%、醇油摩尔比9∶1,在此条件下转化率达96.4%。表明所制备的固体酸、固体碱催化剂能有效将潲水油转化为生物柴油。     

Influence of the Procedure to Immobilize Lipase on SBA-15 for Biodiesel Production from Palm Kernel Oil

Catalysis Letters - Microbial lipase from Burkholderia cepacia was immobilized by covalent bond and physical adsorption on SBA-15 mesoporous support and its catalytic efficiency was measured in the...     

Sn-1,3-specific Interesterification of Soybean Oil with Medium-chain Triacylglycerol Catalyzed by Lipozyme TL IM

abstract The structured lipids are produced through sn-1,3-specific interesterification of soybean oil with medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT) in continuous reactions catalyzed by Thermomyces lanuginos...     

负载型固体碱催化合成甲酯生物柴油的研究

采用浸渍法制备了Na2CO3/高岭土负载型固体碱催化剂,用于催化大豆油与甲醇酯交换反应制备甲酯生物柴油。考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、反应温度和醇油摩尔比对酯交换反应转化率的影响,并通过单因素试验确定了最优工艺条件。结果表明:反应时间4 h、反应温度60℃、催化剂用量3%和醇油摩尔比12∶1条件下,酯交换反应转化率达到90.5%。