网格环境下多数据源的协同查询

伴随网格技术的日益发展，作为对数据应用需求的快速回应，在数据网格之后又出现了网格数据库的概念，其中查询又是数据库应用中一个使用频繁的核心功能，由于每个节点上的数据库可能只包含所需信息的一部分，而且查询操作还涉及到数据库异构性、通信开销等问题，这些都给网格环境下的数据库查询性能带来了新的困难。为了提高网格环境下数据库查询的性能，提出了一种运用协同（CSCW）机制来协调网格用户的查询操作的方法，这不仅体现了系统的协同性，而且降低了数据传输开销，还提高了查询效率。     

基于XML的态势图协同标绘系统设计与实现

传统协同标绘系统采用基于标绘符号库的标绘结果网络分发传输方式,信息维护困难,可靠性受网络性能的影响。因此,文章提出了一种采用XML保存标绘信息的方法,设计并实现了一个基于XML的态势图协同标绘系统。     

基于WEB的协同论证决策支持系统

针对复杂产品研制过程中的总体方案论证,研究新环境、新技术和新条件下支持总体方案论证的决策支持系统。采用先进的计算机支持协同工作技术和广泛应用的WEB技术,构建一种科学合理的复杂产品论证方法。提出了基于WEB的复杂产品协同论证决策支持系统的总体构思,给出了该系统的总体框架、运作流程及核心技术。该系统可以使不同地域不同领域的专家应用异地分布的各种资源在网络环境下对复杂产品的总体方案进行交互协同论证,这对提高论证工作的科学性与合理性,拓展工作的方法和手段有重要的指导作用。     

计算机辅助协同工作

一、什么是计算机辅助协同工作?随着高性能计算机及其网络的广泛应用,计算机系统正由传统的问题求解,执行一定的计算,朝着帮助用户进行交互并支持协同工作的方向发展。分工协作是一种完善     

多用户眼动跟踪数据的可视化共享与协同交互

随着数字图像处理技术的发展,以及计算机支持的协同工作研究的深入,眼动跟踪开始应用于多用户协同交互.但是已有的眼动跟踪技术主要针对单个用户,多用户眼动跟踪计算架构不成熟、标定过程复杂,眼动跟踪数据的记录、传输以及可视化共享机制都有待深入研究.为此,建立了基于梯度优化的协同标定模型,简化多用户的眼动跟踪标定过程;然后提出面向多用户的眼动跟踪计算架构,优化眼动跟踪数据的传输和管理.进一步地,探索眼动跟踪数据的可视化形式在协同交互环境下对用户视觉注意行为的影响,具体设计了圆点、散点、轨迹这3种可视化形式,并验证了圆点形式能够有效地提高多用户协同搜索任务的完成效率.在此基础上,设计与开发了基于眼动跟踪的代码协同审查系统,实现了代码审查过程中多用户眼动跟踪数据的同步记录、分发,以及基于实时注视点、代码行边框和背景灰度、代码行之间连线的可视化共享.用户实验结果表明,代码错误的平均搜索时间比没有眼动跟踪数据可视化分享时减少了20.1%,显著提高了协同工作效率,验证了该方法的有效性.     

CSCW环境下的协同学习系统

基于CSCW工作环境,提出协同学习系统的概念,形成虚拟的协作学习群体,强调学习成员之问的实时交互性和学习的协同性,探讨CSCW应用在Web环境下的群体协同机制,并据此给出一种面向协同学习的应用模型.     

Design and Implementation of a Java-based Meeting Space over Internet

This paper describes the implementation of Java Meeting Space (JMS), a generic, extensible framework and environment for developing synchronous collaborative applications. The JMS framework is based on a fully object-oriented replicated architecture where the application instances and management services are all replicated at each site. JMS provides basic CSCW coordination services: session management and dynamic floor control services. As a framework, it provides a set of programming interfaces that allow an application developer to take advantage of coordination services in the runtime environment.     

面向协作交互任务的资源模型

提出一种面向协作交互任务的资源模型.首先分析了现有协作任务分析方法和资源模型;然后在总结典型协作交互任务的基础上,提出了基于分布式认知的协作资源模型,描述了模型的组成结构和交互策略;最后给出了模型的使用模式和一个基于此模型的笔式协作概念图实例.分析表明,该模型能有效地支持协作交互,建立符合认知特点的协作用户界面.     

协同虚拟环境在虚拟现实暴露式疗法中的应用

将计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)技术与虚拟现实技术结合起来,提出了协同虚拟环境的体系结构,并在此基础上构建了一个基于协同虚拟环境的虚拟现实暴露式疗法系统。最后强调了构建过程中的一些相关重要技术。     

Identifying recommendation opportunities for computer‐supported collaborative environments

Collaborative indicators derived from participants' interactions can be used to support and improve their collaborative behaviour. In this research, we focus on automatically identifying recommendation opportunities in the Collaborative Logical Framework from participants' interactions. Different information sources have been considered: (a) statistical collaborative indicators; (b) social interactions; (c) opinions received by the participants via ratings; and (d) users' affective state and personality. The recommendations have been elicited considering the generality and transferability of the participants' interactions provided by the Collaborative Logical Framework. As a result, three scenarios have been identified that lead us to propose meaningful grouping suggestions and recommendations, which ultimately aimed to ground an informed personalized support to the participants in intensive collaborative frameworks.     

Collaborative robotic instruction: A graph teaching experience

Graphing is a key skill in the study of Physics. Drawing and interpreting graphs play a key role in the understanding of science, while the lack of these has proved to be a handicap and a limiting factor in the learning of scientific concepts. It has been observed that despite the amount of previous graph-working experience, students of all ages experience a series of difficulties when trying to comprehend graphs or when trying to relate them with physical concepts such as position, velocity and acceleration. Several computational tools have risen to improve the students’ understanding of kinematical graphs; however, these approaches fail to develop graph construction skills. On the other hand, Robots have opened new opportunities in learning. Nevertheless, most of their educational applications focus on Robotics related subjects, such as robot programming, robot construction, and artificial intelligence. This paper describes a robotic activity based on face-to-face computer supported collaborative learning. By means of a set of handhelds and a robot wirelessly interconnected, the aim of the activity is to develop graph construction and graph interpretation skills while also reinforcing kinematics concepts. Results show that students using the robotic activity achieve a significant increase in their graph interpreting skills. Moreover, when compared with a similar computer-simulated activity, it proved to be almost twice as effective. Finally, the robotic application proved to be a highly motivating activity for the students, fostering collaboration among them.     

‘How did it know we weren't talking?’: An investigation into the impact of self‐assessments and feedback in a group activity

Abstract The paper describes a model designed to support the development of children's group skills by explicitly scaffolding reflection on collaboration and providing feedback using the children's self‐assessment of these skills. The model incorporates existing training schemes, including procedural prompting, assigning roles, modelling exchanges, and giving feedback. This paper then reports a study that compared 9 and 10‐year‐old children who used a computer‐based implementation of this model (n=26) with children who did not use the system (n=25). The study found: a trend for improved recall of material studied, that the children believed the computer assessment of group skills used was correct, and finally, the time spent reflecting on their group behaviour increased when the children thought they were being observed by the system. The implications of these findings are discussed.     

受限资源网络环境的协同虚拟环境感知模型

AM—COVEN感知模型依据人的行为和感知特征,综合考虑位置、兴趣区、感知等级、感知QoS、感知相关性等问题,描述了受限资源网络环境下的虚拟环境的感知问题,为网络资源的合理应用提供支持．实验证明,AM—COVEN能缓解网络条件对感知的影响．     

Software development and integration in a computer supported cooperative work environment

This paper presents a prototype computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) environment that supports the engineering design process. In particular, this environment provides collaborative tools that support computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided software engineering (CASE). This paper takes an high level look at the system as a whole and then focuses on the method used to implement the CASE support. It addresses how group members can simultaneously work on coding a program and then integrate their work to form a single program inside this environment. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development and evaluation of a system enhancing Second Life to support synchronous role‐based collaborative learning

Research and commercial interest toward 3D virtual worlds are recently growing because they probably represent the new direction for the next generation of web applications. Although these environments present several features that are useful for informal collaboration, structured collaboration is required to effectively use them in a working or in a didactical setting. This paper presents a system supporting synchronous collaborative learning by naturally enriching Learning Management System services with meeting management and multimedia features. Monitoring and moderation of discussions are also managed at a single group and at the teaching level. The Second Life (SL) environment has been integrated with two ad hoc developed Moodle plug‐ins and SL objects have been designed, modeled, and programmed to support synchronous role‐based collaborative activities. We also enriched SL with tools to support the capturing and displaying of textual information during collaborative sessions for successive retrieval. In addition, the multimedia support has been enhanced with functionalities for navigating multimedia contents. We also report on an empirical study aiming at evaluating the use of the proposed SL collaborative learning as compared with face‐to‐face group collaboration. Results show that the two approaches are statistically undistinguishable in terms of performance, comfort with communication, and overall satisfaction. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Collaborative Technology in the Classroom: A Review of the GSS Research and a Research Framework

Over the past several years, a number of research studies have investigated the application of group support system (GSS) technology to the classroom. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to summarize and assess what has been learned from this emerging body of research, and (2) to draw on the GSS and cooperative learning literatures to construct a framework to guide future studies. The review of research studies reported in this paper focuses on comparative studies investigating the synchronous GSS classroom environment. While research findings regarding the impacts of GSS on learning performance are somewhat mixed, early indications are encouraging and suggest that GSS may have a positive impact under certain situations. A framework based on the GSS and cooperative learning research is introduced that identifies the contextual, group process, and outcome factors that researchers may wish to consider when designing and interpreting future research studies in this area.     

适用于实时协同编著系统的并发控制研究

实时协同编著系统是最受欢迎的实时ＣＳＣＷ应用系统之一，适用于实时协同编著系统的并发控制用于解决参与协同工作用户对共享对象操作时存在的冲突问题。本文对这种新的并发控制与适用于分布式数据库系统等的传统并发控制进行了比较，讨论了一些适用于实时协同编著系统并发控制方法的新评价参数，分析了传统并发控制方法应用到实时协同编著系统时所遇到的问题。最后，我们介绍了一些文献中已有原型系统所使用的并发控制方法。