Automatic generating test cases for testing Web applications

In order to ensure the security and reliability of Web application, the testing of Web application is one of the most effective methods. This work regards a Web application as the composition of different interactive Logical Components （LCs）. We combine LCs with agent to assist to automatic generate test cases for testing Web applications. From Pages-Flow-Diagram （PFD） of Web application under test, this research successively partitions Web applications into LCs, at different levels of abstraction, each of which is composed of Web pages and other LCs. We use an automaton to model each LC, and use compositions of automata to model interaction of LCs. Our approach supports concurrent access and interaction between LCs. It avoids the state space explosion problem effectively. It also enhances the reuse of component interactions and overcomes differences in actions between LCs by using an agent as a coordinator.     

基于JavaScript的动态网页设计

本文介绍了 ＪａｖａＳｃｒｉｐｔ的特性及功能,给出了 ＪａｖａＳｃｒｉｐｔ脚本和程序在 ＨＴＭＬ中的嵌入 语法,并通过一个实例说明了用 ＪａｖａＳｃｒｉｐｔ设计动态网页的过程。     

针对JavaScript浏览器兼容性的变异测试方法

针对JavaScript浏览器兼容性问题缺乏有效的测试方法的问题,基于变异测试技术,对Web应用程序中的JavaScript语言在主流浏览器中的兼容性进行了分析,设计了18个针对浏览器兼容性错误的变异算子并开发了自动化的测试工具Compatibility Mutator。该程序使用抽象语法树（AST）分析JavaScript语法,使用Selenium WebDriver自动调用多个浏览器核心并行执行变异测试。通过对7个广泛使用的JavaScript框架的实验,验证了此方法对每一个框架都能够生成一定数量的变异体,其中对jQuery和YUI框架的变异测试的变异得分分别为43.06%和7.69%,表明了所设计的变异算子能够触发浏览器兼容性方面的错误,并且能够评估测试用例集的完备性。     

An agent-based data-flow testing approach for Web applications

In recent years, Web applications (WAs) have grown so quickly that they have already become crucial to the success of businesses. However, since they are built on Internet and open standard technologies, WAs possess their own unique features, such as dynamic behaviors, heterogeneous representations, and novel data handling mechanisms. These features provide concrete support to the success of WAs, but they bring new challenges to researchers and developers, especially in regard to testing WAs and ensuring their quality. Testing approaches for non-WAs have to be extended to handle these features before they are used in WA testing. This paper presents an agent-based approach to perform data-flow testing of WAs. More precisely, the data-flow testing will be performed by autonomous test agents at the method level, object level, and object cluster level, from low abstraction level to high abstraction level. In the process of the recommended data-flow testing, an agent-based WA testing system (WAT) will automatically generate and coordinate test agents to decompose the task of testing an entire WA into a set of subtasks that can be accomplished by test agents. The test agents, rooted in the Belief–Desire–Intention (BDI) model, cooperate with each other to complete the testing of a WA. An example is used to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.     

一种面向AADL架构的模型测试方法

鉴于模型在软件系统开发中日趋重要的地位和AADL模型在嵌入式软件建模中的良好应用前景,为了在嵌入式软件系统开发前期保证AADL模型的质量,提出了一种基于模型测试的AADL架构验证方法;该方法应用马尔可夫链描述AADL架构的行为,然后根据得到的马尔可夫链模型以及系统设计要求标准生成相应的测试用例和测试预言,并通过测试用例执行输出和期望值的比较判断AADL模型的正确性,实现对系统AADL模型的测试;最后通过案例分析证明了该方法的有效性。     

软件回归测试中的自动测试生成方法

软件回归测试一般使用现有的测试用例集进行测试,如何有效利用这些用例成为回归测试的关键。研究自动对现有测试用例集的扩展,包括自动改变测试用例的执行顺序、自动进行测试用例数目的增减等,提出基于现有测试用例随机生成新的测试用例集的方法。实验证明,该方法生成的测试文件能在原有环境下成功执行,能实现自动测试范围的扩大或缩小,以及测试时间的增加或减少,为软件回归测试提供了有用的自动化工具。     

基于JavaScript闭包的Web图片浏览控件的实现

使用JavaScript闭包原理来设计基于Web图片浏览控件,达到重用的目的,由于是用JavaScript来设计的,适用于需要图片浏览的网页中。     

基于Rhino的JavaScript动态页面解析研究与实现

面对互联网上占据全国页面总数50%以上的动态页面,当前网络舆情管控工作中的信息采集环节对以动态页面为主要发布形态的互联网媒体无法实现信息获取。鉴于此,文中提出了基于Rhino实现JavaScript动态页面解析的整体方案。实验结果表明该方案充分丰富了互联网舆情管控工作的数据源对象,是实现动态页面内超链接网络地址递归获取和网页主体内容提取行之有效的解决方案。     

Testing Web applications by modeling with FSMs

Researchers and practitioners are still trying to find effective ways to model and test Web applications. This paper proposes a system-level testing technique that combines test generation based on finite state machines with constraints. We use a hierarchical approach to model potentially large Web applications. The approach builds hierarchies of Finite State Machines (FSMs) that model subsystems of the Web applications, and then generates test requirements as subsequences of states in the FSMs. These subsequences are then combined and refined to form complete executable tests. The constraints are used to select a reduced set of inputs with the goal of reducing the state space explosion otherwise inherent in using FSMs. The paper illustrates the technique with a running example of a Web-based course student information system and introduces a prototype implementation to support the technique.     

基于关键字驱动的自动化测试研究与实现

为有效解决目前回归测试测试效率低以及手工测试操作复杂的问题,研究了自动化测试技术的原理和方法,提出了一种基于关键字驱动的自动化测试方法;介绍了Web自动化测试实施的过程和自动化测试框架的主要功能.在遵从保证产品质量和提高测试效率的原则基础上,对系统进行自动化测试的可行性分析,再进行自动化测试开发工具的选择、制作Demo和自动化测试框架开发,实现了以关键字驱动为核心,Ruby为开发语言的自动化测试框架.实验结果表明,该方法提高了回归测试效率和测试系统的可移植性.     

Abmash: mashing up legacy Web applications by automated imitation of human actions

Many business Web‐based applications do not offer APIs to enable other applications to access their data and functions in a programmatic manner. This makes their composition difficult (for instance to synchronize data between two applications). To address this challenge, this paper presents Abmash, an approach to facilitate the integration of such legacy Web applications by automatically imitating human interactions with them. By automatically interacting with the GUI of Web applications, the system supports all forms of integrations including bidirectional interactions and is able to interact with AJAX‐based applications. Furthermore, the integration programs are easy to write because they deal with end‐user, visual UI elements. The integration code is simple enough to be called a ‘mash‐up’. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Watir框架的Web自动化测试

电子商务的扩大,网上商城的便利,搜索引擎的高效等等,越来越多地融入寻常百姓的生活,使人们足不出户就可以实现交流、购物、了解时事。多媒体也从单一向网络多元化方向发展。在满足用户需求的同时,网站也在逐渐地完善,提供给用户更多人性化、良好的交互效果、高质量的Web应用,这也是网站生存的基础。基于Watir框架的Web自动化测试是模拟用户手动操作目标页面,通过与预先设置好的期望结果做对比来排查软件缺陷,以提高软件质量。     

Model-based testing of a real-time adaptive motion planning system

Abstract

To enable effective and safe operations of autonomous robots in environments with unknowns and unpredictability, a key practical problem is how to test the functionality and assess the performance of real-time motion planning systems. This is a challenge because the underlying algorithms are real-time, sensing-based, and often non-deterministic. These systems’ performance depends on task environments, which can vary in countless ways. Existing testing techniques are designed heavily based on testers’ experience and hardly provide a good coverage of possible test scenarios. This paper introduces a systematic model-based testing (MBT) approach to evaluate the functionality and performance of a real-time adaptive motion planning (RAMP) system. The MBT approach uses the formal communicating extended finite state machine model to model RAMP’s concurrent components and leverage graph traversal algorithms to systematically generate behavioral test cases. First, component integration is considered by modeling the RAMP components and their interactions. Next, system-level testing is considered by modeling mobile obstacles of unpredictable motion behavior. The behavior models are leveraged to generate Abstract Behavioral Test Cases, which are transformed by test data into executable test cases. The test results demonstrate the effectiveness of applying the systematic MBT approach to the evaluation of real-time robotic systems.     

基于JavaScript 切片的AJAX 框架网络爬虫技术研究

自Jesse James Garrett 提出了AJAX 概念以来,由于AJAX 在提升用户交互体验的同时,又不需要在客户端安装插件。因此,一经提出就引起了互联网领域的广泛关注。但目前的网络爬虫技术在AJAX框架的URL 解析过程中存在着不能够识别事件触发顺序等问题,导致大量数据不能被搜索引擎有效检索。本文针对此问题,通过研究基于对象的程序切片算法,以及脚本执行引擎与切片模块的互操作,最终解决AJAX 框架中URL 提取以及异步JavaScript 网络爬虫系统的关键技术问题。     

Iterative Android automated testing

With the benefits of reducing time and workforce, automated testing has been widely used for the quality assurance of mobile applications (APPs). Compared with automated testing, manual testing can achieve higher coverage in complex interactive Activities. And the effectiveness of manual testing is highly dependent on the user operation process (UOP) of experienced testers. Based on the UOP, we propose an iterative Android automated testing (IAAT) method that automatically records, extracts, and integrates UOPs to guide the test logic of the tool across the complex Activity iteratively. The feedback test results can train the UOPs to achieve higher coverage in each iteration. We extracted 50 UOPs and conducted experiments on 10 popular mobile APPs to demonstrate IAAT’s effectiveness compared with Monkey and the initial automated tests. The experimental results show a noticeable improvement in the IAAT compared with the test logic without human knowledge. Under the 60 minutes test time, the average code coverage is improved by 13.98% to 37.83%, higher than the 27.48% of Monkey under the same conditions.     

USB接口软件自动化测试实现

随着软件技术的发展,手工测试已不能满足软件测试的要求,软件测试自动化是软件测试的发展趋势。结合USB接口软件功能测试的特点,对其进行了自动化测试需求分析;确定了自动化测试的范围;在Microsoft Visual Studio.net平台下,基于组件开发的思想,用C#语言开发了USB接口软件自动化测试系统。并经过测试实践,验证了该自动化测试系统的可靠性。通过对手工测试和自动化测试的对比,展示了该系统的优越性。     

活动图模型驱动的Web应用程序测试方法

提出了一种活动图(AD)模型驱动的Web应用程序测试方法,从活动图中生成满足往返路径覆盖准则的测试序列,基于测试输入语法生成驱动测试序列执行的测试数据,将测试数据整合到测试序列中生成测试用例,运行测试用例进行测试并生成测试结果的报告。实现了一个原型工具以支持活动图模型驱动的Web应用程序测试方法,设计并完成了一个实验,验证了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

利用JavaScript确定浏览器及平台的类型

主要讨论了如何在Ｗｅｂ页面中嵌入ＪａｖａＳｃｒｉｐｔ脚本来确定客户所使用的浏览器及平台的类型,以便根据不同的浏览器类型在Ｗｅｂ页面中使用不同的标记。