压力容器失效分析与安全评定技术现状与展望

本文概述了压力容器失效分析的概念，失效分析的意义、作用和任务及安全评定技术：详细论述了失效分析的思路、程序、方法；并展望了压力容器失效分析的发展趋势。     

承压设备失效分析思路及方法

从承压设备生产、使用过程及材料、应力、环境等方面阐述了承压设备失效分析的思路，讨论了原始数据获取、材料性能分析、断口分析、环境分析、应力分析、无损检测等失效分析方法对目前失效分析存在的问题进行了探讨，指出失效分析数据的整合和共享是失效分析发展的方向     

600MW亚临界锅炉水冷壁爆管原因分析

通过宏观分析、化学成分分析、机械性能测试、金相分析等方法对600 MW亚临界机组锅炉水冷壁爆管的原因进行了分析,分析结果表明,水冷壁爆管为氢损伤所致,并提出了相应的预防措施。     

内燃机活塞连杆组有限元分析的研究进展

综述了内燃机活塞连杆有限元研究的最新成果,分析了有限元计算模型、计算方法的研究进展,总结出活塞连杆组的强度计算逐渐以温度场和应力场的耦合分析、接触非线性分析、瞬态动力分析和模态分析为主的发展趋势。     

AutoPSA 与 CAESAR Ⅱ在管道应力分析中的比较

结合实际的工程例题,比较了AutoPSA与CAESARⅡ的计算结果。考虑到管道静力分析中的难点如单向约束、埋地管道等问题,探讨了AutoPSA的非线性分析功能。针对管道动力分析中的模态分析、谐波分析、谱分析、时间历程分析,采用合适的方法保证了AutoPSA分析结果的稳定可靠。在管道应力分析中,AutoPSA精度很高、通用性强,能够满足电力、石化、化工等行业的工程应用。算例表明AutoPSA与CAESARⅡ分析结果非常吻合,并在某些方面有所超越。     

关于绿色化工环保技术的探讨

首先分析了绿色化工环保技术的含义,其次分析了绿色化工环保技术的重要性,再次分析了当前绿色化工存在的问题及解决方法,最后分析了绿色化工业的发展前景。以实现高效、节能、环保的绿色化学可持续发展。     

285F型风冷柴油机温度场测试与分析

为了分析285F型直喷式风冷柴油机冷却系统的可靠性和合理性,进行了缸套、缸盖温度场测试与分析。介绍了测试方法、测点布置、测试工况和测试结果,对缸套、缸盖作了温度场分析,最后对分析结果作了讨论,认为温度场结果尚较理想,该机具有较大的强化潜力。     

发电厂竞价上网决策支持系统设计

介绍了发电厂竞价上网决策支持系统在电力市场运作中的重要性，设计了决策支持系统结构，并以此完成了系统的功能模块设计，包括电力市场信息分析管理、电力市场数据接收、负荷预测、安全性分析、调度计划管理、成本分析、报价决策、电价申报、结算与经济性分析、敏感性分析、风险管理等。通过接口程序建立各功能模块的连接．可进行发电厂竞价上网决策分析计算。     

筒节纵向开裂原因分析

介绍了压力容器筒节现场校圆开裂事故，通过现场勘测、化学成分分析、金相检测、断口分析、电镜分析，讨论了筒节压制开裂的原因。     

发电厂竞价上网决策支持系统设计

介绍了发电厂竞价上网决策支持系统在电力市场运作中的重要性,设计了决策支持系统结构,并以此完成了系统的功能模块设计,包括电力市场信息分析管理、电力市场数据接收、负荷预测、安全性分析、调度计划管理、成本分析、报价决策、电价申报、结算与经济性分析、敏感性分析、风险管理等.通过接口程序建立各功能模块的连接,可进行发电厂竞价上网决策分析计算.     

山水气林田湖草城系统治理工程技术研究

本文对“山水气林田湖草城”系统治理的理论与工程技术进行了全面深入地研究.提出了修复山形地貌、净化水体质量、调节大气成分、优化森林结构、改良农田土质、重建湖域生态、扩大种草面积、完善城市规划的方法.对“山水气林田湖草城”进行整体保护、系统恢复、综合治理;量化生态资源的隐性价值;发展新气候经济;实施碳热氧产品交易;设立碳热氧税制度;建立经济生产总值与生态生产总值平衡发展体系;创建零碳模式;使人与植物、动物、微生物和自然环境之间,生物各个种群之间,生态诸子系统之间,通过能量流动、物质循环和信息传递达到高度适应、协调和统一的平衡状态,减弱减少自然灾害,延长人类在地球上的生存时间.     

IEA biomass thermal gasification project

The Biomass Thermal Gasification Project was started in late 1989 as Activity 4 of the IEA Bioenergy Agreement Task VII, Biomass Conversion. This paper reviews the project activities since its beginning, addressing biomass resources, state-of-the-art gasification technology, research needs, and the future project activities that are especially relevant to the nine (9) participating countries: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.     

A review on alloyed quantum dots and their applications as photocatalysts

Semiconductor driven artificial photocatalysis is the most sustainable technology towards addressing the growing energy and environmental pollution issues. In this context, alloyed quantum dots (QDs) are an emerging class of promising nanomaterials gathering tremendous attention in this area due to several beneficial features. Compared to other bulk semiconductors, alloyed QDs are cost-effective, stable, less-toxic with superior optoelectronic features, which significantly enhances their solar energy conversion efficiency. Herein, the present review summarizes the fundamentals of alloyed QDs, various synthesis techniques, and discusses optical as well as structural properties from data interpretation point of view taking suitably reported literature. Moreover, we have provided a comprehensive summary of recent state of art metal chalcogenides based alloyed QD systems towards H₂ evolution, CO₂ reduction, and pollutant degradation. Finally, the review discusses the associated challenges and future prospects of alloyed QDs with a special focus on preparation, property engineering, theoretical aspect, stability and other field application. Additionally, the overarching aim is to provide researchers an in-depth understanding in the field of alloyed QDs relating to synthesis, characterisation, and promotes their photocatalytic applications, and can foster as a manual to future researchers.     

Indigenous courtyard houses: A comprehensive checklist for identifying, analysing and appraising their passive solar design characteristics Regions of the hot-dry climates

Indigenous courtyard houses (particularly those in towns and cities in the regions of the hot-dry climates) have largely satisfied the needs of their inhabitants from many points of view. They have also made a positive contribution to the housing stock, built environment, architectural output, urban fabric, and cultural heritage. Therefore, their advantageous characteristics covering all aspects should be identified, analysed and assessed objectively, systematically and (where possible) scientifically; they include those of functional requirements, family life, social customs, community traditions, religious demands, urban planning and urban design, architecture, passive solar design, and economics. Here, a checklist related only to their characteristics of passive solar design energy-efficient design and energy conservation are identified for analysis, assessment and appraisal.     

A new thermoeconomic methodology for energy systems

Thermoeconomics, or exergoeconomics, can be classified into the three fields: cost allocation, cost optimization, and cost analysis. In this study, a new thermoeconomic methodology for energy systems is proposed in the three fields. The proposed methodology is very simple and clear. That is, the number of the proposed equation is only one in each field, and it is developed with a wonergy newly introduced in this paper. The wonergy is defined as an energy that can equally evaluate the worth of each product. Any energy, including enthalpy or exergy, can be applied to the wonergy and be evaluated by this equation. In order to confirm its validity, the CGAM problem and various cogenerations were analyzed. Seven sorts of energy, including enthalpy and exergy, were applied for cost allocation. Enthalpy, exergy, and profit were applied for cost optimization. Enthalpy and exergy were applied for cost analysis. Exergy is generally recognized as the most reasonable criterion in exergoeconomics. By the proposed methodology, however, exergy is the most reasonable in cost allocation and cost analysis, and all of exergy, enthalpy, and profit are reasonable in cost optimization. Therefore, we conclude that various forms of wonergy should be applied to the analysis of thermoeconomics.     

A comparison of conversion efficiencies of various sugars as reducing agents for the photosensitizer eosin in the photogalvanic cell

The efforts have been made to convert solar energy into electrical energy by eosin as photosensitizer with different sugars fructose, arabinose, D‐xylose, and mannose systems in photogalvanic cell along with providing them commercial viability using lower concentrations of the solutions. The generated photopotential and photocurrent are 848.0, 679.0, 825.0, and 758.0 mV and 240.0, 240.0, 250.0, and 170.0 μA, respectively. The maximum powers are 203.52, 162.96, 206.25, and 128.86 μW, respectively. The observed conversion efficiency is 0.8415, 0.6461 0.7026, and 0.6812% and the determined fill factors are 0.34, 0.37, 0.28, and 0.27 against the absolute value 1. The developed photogalvanic cell can work for 55.0, 75.0, 85.0, and 90.0 minutes in the dark. The photogeneration electricity is proved by a proposed mechanism. Conclusively, the photogalvanic cell so developed has shown appreciable conversion and storage of solar energy. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exergy of Oat Straw

The exergy values of three oat straws were investigated. The effects of moisture content, ash content, S content, correlation factor (C, O, H, and N), and lower heating value (LHV) were also studied. The results showed that the moisture-related exergy, ash-related exergy, and S-related exergy varied in the ranges of 283.630–337.502, 28.474–111.054, and 4.357–13.944 kJ/kg, respectively. They accounted for 1.346–1.661%, 0.164–0.538%, and 0.021–0.068% of the exergy of oat straw, respectively. The O/C, H/C, and N/C atomic ratios varied in the ranges of 0.7042–0.7780 (10.480%), 1.4713–1.6000 (8.747%), and 0.0024–0.0254 (958.333%), respectively, whereas the correlation factors varied between 1.131 and 1.142 (0.973%). The exergy values of the three oat straws were between 20.325 and 21.065 MJ/kg. They were mainly determined by the correlation factors and the LHVs. A positive linear relationship between the exergy and LHV was observed.     

Investigation of a new integrated system for multiple outputs with hydrogen and methanol

In this study, an integrated multigeneration system that can produce hydrogen, electricity, heat, and methanol simultaneously is thermodynamically investigated. This integrated multigeneration system consists of three subsystems, namely: (i) electrolyzer, (ii) thermal power plant; and (iii) methanol production reactor. Energy and exergy analyses of all system components, as well as the sustainability analysis of the whole system, is performed thoroughly. The integrated system's thermodynamic performance is thoroughly investigated by changing some critical operational and environmental parameters in parametric studies. Based on the results of this study, recommendations for better energetic, exergetic, and environmental performance are presented for better sustainability. The results of this study show that the integrated multigeneration system is capable of producing hydrogen, heat, electricity, and methanol with overall energetic and exergetic efficiencies about 68% and 47%, respectively.     

循环流化床煤燃烧产物中微量元素分布特征

利用清华大学小型循环流化床对黔西南坑硫煤进行燃烧实验，研究循环流化床燃烧过程中煤中微量元素在燃烧产物中的重新配置和对环境的影响，以及固硫添加剂对煤中部分有害微量元素排放的控制作用，结果表明，循环流化床灰中，As、Sb、Pb、Cu、Be与Zn等在细粒灰中富集，Pb、As、Sb、Se、Th、Ni与Cr等在磁性灰中富集。除尘器后烟道灰中富集Zn、As、P、Ni、Cr、Mo、Be、Pb、Th、Hg与F等，而Nb、Rb与Zr等明显亏损。在煤中加入固硫添加剂燃烧后比较发现，As、Se、Sg与Zn等在细粒流化床灰中富集能力降低，As、Se、Li、Be、Mo、Cr、Co与Ni等在除尘器后烟道灰中含量降低，烟道喷淋水中Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Co、Ni、F与Se等的含量降低。循环流化床燃烧过程中，固硫添加剂不仅降低SO2的排放，而且对部分有害微量元素（As、Se、Be、Cr、Co、Ni、Pb、Zn与F等）的排放有一定的控制作用。     

The potential and economic viability of solar photovoltaic power in Ghana

In this study, the potentiality and economic viability of solar photovoltaic (PV) in Ghana was assessed using RETScreen software. 5 MW of grid-connected solar PV power system using SunPower SPR-320E-WHT-D PV module can be harnessed from Navrongo, Bawku, Wa, Tema, Bolgatanga, Axim, Salaga, Kintampo, Kete Krachi, Tamale, Hohoe, Koforidua, Ejura, Takoradi, Bole, Sunyani, Bibiani, Cape coast, Prestea, and Akuse, which requires US$17,752,179 of investment capital and 25,313 m² of land for PV installation. The potential of 5 MW grid-connected PV development for Accra, Kumasi, Wenchi, and Tafo are limited. However, there are solar PV energy potentials for low-capacity PV modules for these locations. Investing in solar photovoltaic technology is capital intensive in a developing country like Ghana. However, Government’s effort to provide incentives like subsidies and creating the economic environment for private sector investment will boost investment possibilities of renewable energy in Ghana, which can help in curbing the recent power outages and load shedding, thereby increasing productivity and economic resilience.