化学工程与工艺专业生产实习的教学改革与实践

生产实习是工科院校整个教学工作中一个重要的实践性教学环节,是培养现代工程需要的应用型人才的重要途径。通过对传统生产实习形式的分析及对仿真实习的研究,我们在实习时间、内容、方式及考核等各方面进行了探索和改革,提出了具有良好效果的生产实习新模式。     

虚拟仿真技术在化工实习实训教学中的应用探讨

对于高校中化工工程教育来说,实践环节薄弱、产学脱节等现象比较普遍。通过高质量的生产实习环节可以有效改进上述问题。但是实习中存在的工艺流程复杂,高危险性等问题,限制了化工专业学生实习的时间与空间范围。以信息技术和计算机技术为基础的虚拟仿真教学是实习实训教学资源的重要补充。本文分析了开展化工虚拟仿真实验教学的必要性,虚拟仿真实习教学的作用与特点。另外也介绍了西南民族大学虚拟仿真实验中心的建设思路、目的以及在实习实训教学中的应用案例,对虚拟仿真实习实训的教学改革进行了思考。     

制药工程专业仿真模式实习教学探讨

生产实习是制药工程专业实习教学的重要组成部分,但是当前生产实习存在诸多问题,而仿真实习是解决这些问题的有效手段。文章主要介绍了仿真软件的特点及其在制药工程专业实习教学中的应用,并对仿真模式实习教学提出了几点建议。     

化工专业生产实习教学改革探索

生产实习是工科院校的一个重要实践性教学环节,是培养学生工程实践能力、创新意思和创新能力的重要途径,根据生产实习的现状,针对生产实习的目标,介绍了在生产实习的教学过程中的一些体会,并为提高生产实习教学质量提出了一些改进措施,如加强实习基地建设,深化实习内容,加强实习过程管理与《化工工艺学》课程共建,生产实习与仿真实习相结合等,从而提高了实习教学质量。     

化工仿真生产实习教学体系的构建与实践

结合我校的化工仿真实验教学,从仿真实习的理论教学、上机操作设置以及考核形式等出发,围绕怎样提高生产实习教学质量和学生综合素质,探讨了化工专业仿真实习的教学体系构建与实践。     

基于生产实习的实训车间仿真技术应用探究

近年来,化工仿真教学已经普遍运用于化工专业的实践教学中,解决了实践教学中很多难以实现的教学内容,但化工仿真实习教学与真实生产实习还是有一定差距。基于此,以现有生产实训车间为载体,组建仿真工艺系统,精心设计并实践生产实习教学模式,通过多环节多步骤实践和考核评价,取得了很好的实习效果。     

化学工程与工艺专业毕业实习教学模式的探讨

从工科院校化学工程与工艺专业学生毕业实习教学体系改革的必要性出发,探讨了毕业实习教学体系改革的内容和基本思路,确立了将毕业实习列入专业实践教学主导地位的中心思路,以加强毕业实习教师队伍建设、巩固实习基地稳定建设、强化专业实验和课程设计等实践教学环节、增强认知实习和生产实习的教学效果、突出仿真实习在毕业实习教学工程中的作用等方面来改进和完善化学工程与工艺专业毕业实习教学。     

药物制剂专业生产实习研究与实践

药物制剂专业校外企业的生产实习是学生理论联系实际获得工程师基本训练的重要实践性教学环节。影响实习质量的因素较多。文章对药物制剂专业生产实习中的实习企业、实习时间和实习内容等主要环节进行了研究与实践。结果表明,实习质量不断提高,对于其他同类型专业的生产实习具有参考作用。     

新形式下高等工科院校生产实习存在的问题与对策

本文探讨了新形势下高等工科院校生产实习面临的困难与存在的问题,提出在产学研基地建设的基础上,充分利用计算机仿真实习技术,并结合录像、现场参观等,在有效的实习经费及实习时间内增强实习效果,达到应有的实习的目的。     

疫情防控背景下化工材料类专业本科生产实习模式探索

针对疫情防控期间生产实习存在的问题,北京化工大学材料科学与工程学院生产实习教学团队及时调整教学计划,在原有生产实习基础上,重新构建了适合疫情期间开展的“全数字仿真实习+半实物仿真实训+云端企业实习+专家讲座拓展”的虚实结合四级递进式生产实习模式,实现了实习内容循序渐进、实践训练由浅入深,提高了学生的工程实践能力和创新能力,提升了学生的就业竞争力,降低了疫情对生产实习的影响。所积累的宝贵经验可供同行参考。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。