八宝景天叶乙醇提取物的抑真菌活性

[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法研究了八宝景天叶乙醇提取物对9种植物病原真菌的抑制作用,同时采用菌丝生长速率和孢子萌发2种方法测定其对玉米弯孢病菌的抑菌活性。[结果]在质量浓度为200 g/L时,对9种植物病原真菌均有一定的抑制作用,且抑制率均达75%以上,其中对玉米弯孢病菌的抑制作用最强,抑制率为82.27%,对其孢子萌发的抑菌活性高于对其菌丝生长的抑菌活性,EC50值分别为74.18、66.53 g/L。[结论]八宝景天叶有着良好的抑菌效果,具有很好的开发价值。     

落地生根萃取物的抑菌活性

[目的]比较落地生根根、茎、芽和花各萃取相提取物的抑菌活性,进一步明确起抑菌作用的活性成分,为以后的分离打下基础.[方法]以番茄早疫病菌、水稻立枯病菌为指示菌,采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定各自的抑菌活性.[结果]落地生根芽氯仿萃取物对2种菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发具有较好的抑制作用,菌丝生长抑制率分别为92.41%和89.22%,孢子的萌发抑制率依次为91.85%、86.11%.[结论]芽氯仿相萃取物的抑菌效果最好,表明落地生根植物中起抑菌作用的活性成分主要集中在芽部位,且抑菌活性成分主要为弱极性物质.     

乌鸦果根甲醇提取物的抑真菌作用研究

乌鸦果根经甲醇回流提取、石油醚脱脂得到鸟鸦果根甲醇提取物。采用双层培养基法测定其抑真菌活性、琼脂梯度稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。结果表明,乌鸦果根甲醇提取物（1000mg·mL^-1）对供试的21种真菌均有不同程度的抑菌活性。最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度均为31．2-250mg·mL^-1;且提取物抑菌能力与其浓度呈正相关关系。表明乌鸦果根甲醇提取物具有广谱抑制真菌作用,可以作为植物源农药进一步深入研究,具有潜在的开发利用价值。     

藜芦乙醇提取物对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性研究

通过测定藜芦的乙醇提取物以及各萃取部分对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,寻找藜芦中的农用活性物质,为其综合开发利用提供科学依据。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了藜芦球茎和根乙醇提取物对6种植物病原菌的抑制作用。试验结果表明,当供试浓度为5.0 mg/mL时,对苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)、棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)和苹果轮纹病菌(Physalospora piricola nose)的抑菌率比较高,分别为96.4%、78.1%和74.3%。藜芦乙醇提取物的不同极性溶剂萃取物的抑菌活性较高,乙酸乙酯萃取物对苹果腐烂病菌和苹果轮纹病菌的EC50分别为0.161 mg/mL和0.551 mg/mL;正丁醇萃取物对苹果腐烂病菌和苹果轮纹病菌的EC50分别为0.190 mg/mL和0.451 mg/mL。乙酸乙酯萃取物是进一步研究的重点。     

箬竹叶提取物对烟草病原真菌的抑制作用

采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,对选用无水乙醇、冰乙酸和蒸馏水混合溶剂浸提所得的箬竹叶粗提物以及依次采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇进行液-液萃取所得的萃取物进行了抑菌活性测试。结果表明:箬竹叶粗提物对烟草链格孢菌和烟草疫霉菌菌丝生长均具有抑制活性,其对两种真菌抑制的EC50值分别为3.98mg·mL-1和0.88mg·mL-1、EC90值分别为7.33mg·mL-1和1.73mg·mL-1;对烟草链格孢菌孢子萌发抑制的EC50值和EC90值分别为4.68mg·mL-1和9.09mg·mL-1。2mg·mL-1的石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物和萃余水相对烟草链格孢菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为31.27%、36.18%、6.06%和-7.05%;对烟草疫霉菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为56.82%、81.53%、12.32%和-18.10%。乙酸乙酯萃取物对烟草链格孢菌和烟草疫霉菌菌丝生长的抑制活性明显高于箬竹叶粗提物,其对两种真菌抑制的EC50值分别为2.99mg·mL-1和0.80mg·mL-1、EC90值分别为5.41mg·mL-1和2.83mg·mL-1。乙酸乙酯萃取物对烟草链格孢菌孢子萌发抑制的EC50值和EC90值分别为1.03mg·mL-1和3.54mg·mL-1。     

海南桉叶提取物熊果醇和桉叶油的抑菌特性研究

从海南桉叶中提取有效组分熊果醇和桉叶油,并研究了其抑菌活性.结果表明,熊果醇对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌和短小芽孢杆菌等有明显的抑制作用,对藤黄微球菌没有抑制作用,对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为587 μg·mL-1;桉叶油只对大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌有较明显的抑制作用.     

海芋甲醇提取物的抑真菌作用

采用生长速率法测定了海芋的不同部分甲醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌等15种植物病原真菌的生物活性。结果表明：海芋叶、茎和叶柄的甲醇提取物对荔枝霜疫霉病菌、稻瘟病菌和白菜黑斑病菌等有一定的活性;在10mg／mL的浓度下,海芋叶、茎和叶柄的甲醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌菌丝生长的抑制率分别为53．45％、43．15％和41．14％;海芋叶甲醇提取物对水稻纹枯病菌的EC50值为8．52mg／mL。海芋叶甲醇提取物的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取组分对水稻纹枯病菌的活性研究表明,氯仿层的活性最高,抑制率为89．12％。海芋叶甲醇提取物的氯仿萃取物对水稻纹枯病菌的EC50值为2．13mg／mL.     

牡丹皮乙醇提取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌的活性抑制及作用机制

为探究牡丹皮对黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)的抑菌活性,通过用不同浓度的牡丹皮乙醇提取物处理黄瓜枯萎病菌,测定其对枯萎病菌的菌丝生长抑制率、胞外电导率、A_{260 nm}与A_{280 nm}的变化,使用光学显微镜观察处理后的菌丝形态变化。结果表明：牡丹皮乙醇提取物处理后的黄瓜枯萎病菌胞外电导率、A_{260 nm}和A_{280 nm}显著上升,菌丝出现膨胀畸变等现象;其中质量浓度为25.0 mg/mL的牡丹皮乙醇提取物可显著降低黄瓜枯萎病菌的生长速度,处理48 h后抑菌率可达到92.08%;进一步研究认为,牡丹皮通过破坏黄瓜枯萎病菌的细胞膜结构,使胞内物质渗出,造成菌丝形态结构畸变,进而抑制了菌体细胞的生长与繁殖。     

荆条乙醇提取物对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性初步研究

探索荆条的抑菌活性,为综合开发利用提供科学依据。采用生长速率法测定了荆条花和叶的乙醇提取物以及各萃取物对植物病原真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:荆条花乙醇提取物的抑菌活性好于叶。当供试质量浓度为5.0 g/L时,花的乙醇提取物对苹果腐烂病菌、白菜黑斑病菌、番茄早疫病菌和棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌率分别为87.72%、77.32%、72.69%和71.37%。荆条花乙醇提取物不同溶剂萃取物中,石油醚和乙酸乙酯的抑菌活性较高。石油醚萃取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物对苹果腐烂病菌的EC50值分别为0.32 g/L和0.23 g/L;石油醚萃取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物对白菜黑斑病菌的EC50值分别为0.45 g/L和0.20 g/L。石油醚萃取物是进一步研究的重点。     

黄花蒿(Artemisia annua L.)提取物对两种病原真菌的生物活性

以石油醚Ⅰ(30℃～60℃)、石油醚Ⅱ(60℃～90℃)、乙醇和丙酮等4种溶剂对黄花蒿的根、茎、叶进行初步提取,采用生长速率法测定不同提取物对玉米小斑病菌、棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,黄花蒿提取物对玉米小斑病菌的生物活性好于棉花枯萎病菌;黄花蒿叶的提取物抑菌效果最好,根的抑菌效果最差;叶的石油醚(60℃～90℃)提取物对玉米小斑病菌EC50为156.32mg/L;而叶的丙酮提取物对玉米小斑病菌的EC50为82.37mg/L。     

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Ethanol Extract of Annona muricata L. Leaves in Animal Models

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract from Annona muricata L. leaves were investigated in animal models. The extract delivered per oral route (p.o.) reduced the number of abdominal contortions by 14.42% (at a dose of 200 mg/kg) and 41.41% (400 mg/kg). Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o) inhibited both phases of the time paw licking: first phase (23.67% and 45.02%) and the second phase (30.09% and 50.02%), respectively. The extract (p.o.) increased the reaction time on a hot plate at doses of 200 (30.77% and 37.04%) and 400 mg/kg (82.61% and 96.30%) after 60 and 90 minutes of treatment, respectively. The paw edema was reduced by the ethanol extract (p.o.) at doses of 200 (23.16% and 29.33%) and 400 mg/kg (29.50% and 37.33%) after 3 to 4 h of application of carrageenan, respectively. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.), administered 4 h before the carrageenan injection, reduced the exudate volume (29.25 and 45.74%) and leukocyte migration (18.19 and 27.95%) significantly. These results suggest that A. muricata can be an active source of substances with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.     

阴香叶提取物的抑菌活性初步研究

用不同溶剂对阴香[Cinnamomum burmanii (Nees) Bl] 叶进行提取,以生长速率法测定了提取物对植物病原真菌的抑菌作用。结果表明:阴香叶的氯仿提取物的抑菌活性最好;氯仿提取物对西瓜枯萎菌、芒果炭疽菌、香蕉枯萎菌和香蕉炭疽菌的EC50分别是0.3193mg/ml、0.1552mg/ml、0.0226mg/ml、0.019 2 mg/ml,其中提取物对香蕉炭疽菌的毒力最高,值得进一步研究。     

桑叶乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化与抑菌活性

采用索氏提取法对干桑叶进行提取,得到乙醇提取物,并对提取物的组分以及体外抗氧化活性和抑菌活性进行了测定。研究结果表明:桑叶乙醇提取物中含有多种有机物,主要包括酯类(82.85%)、烷烃类(6.31%)、芳烃类(1.62%)和醇类(0.21%)。桑叶乙醇提取物总还原力与浓度有显著的线性关系;对DPPH自由基和OH自由基都有良好的清除能力,半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)分别为73.07和104.52 mg/L。桑叶乙醇提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有一定的抑制作用,抑制效果为枯草芽孢杆菌>金黄色葡萄球菌>大肠杆菌,IC₅₀分别为4.824、6.806和14.382 g/L。桑叶乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性和抑菌活性随样品浓度的增大而增大。     

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Vernonia polyanthes Leaves in Rodents

The ethanol extract from Vernonia polyanthes leaves (EEVP) was investigated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects at the doses (p.o.) of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg in animal models. The extract reduced the number of abdominal contortions by 16.75% and 31.44% at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The results obtained showed that EEVP exerted a significant antinociceptive effect in the two phases of formalin. The EEVP increased the reaction time on a hot plate at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg after 90 min of treatment. The paw edema was reduced by EEVP at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg after 4 h of application of carrageenan. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, administered 4 h before the carrageenan injection, significantly reduced the exudate volume (29.25 and 45.74%, respectively) and leukocyte migration (18.19 and 27.95%, respectively). These results suggest that V. polyanthes can be an active source of substances with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.     

灰毡毛忍冬叶醇提物的抗氧化活性研究

以灰毡毛忍冬叶为材料,研究不同提取温度醇提物对DPPH自由基清除率的影响,以及灰毡毛忍冬老叶、嫩叶的醇提物对DPPH自由基清除率的差异。结果表明:在40℃、50℃、60℃三个提取温度下,灰毡毛忍冬老叶醇提物的DPPH自由基清除率高低顺序为:40℃50℃60℃;三种温度下灰毡毛忍冬嫩叶醇提物的DPPH自由基清除率相近,50℃时略高,说明提取温度对灰毡毛忍冬老叶醇提物的DPPH自由基清除率影响更大;在40℃、50℃、60℃三个提取温度下,灰毡毛忍冬嫩叶醇提物DPPH自由基的清除率均大于老叶,说明嫩叶醇提物DPPH自由基清除能力更强,抗氧化物质含量更多或者高抗氧化活性物质更多。     

乌桕干叶乙醇提取液与链霉菌协同灭螺效果研究

研究了乌桕干叶乙醇提取液与链霉菌协同灭螺效果。结果表明,用乌桕鲜叶乙醇提取液和干叶乙醇提取液浸杀钉螺72 h后的LC_(50)分别为160.21 mg·L~(-1)、131.40 mg·L~(-1),表明乌桕于叶乙醇提取液的灭螺活性更高;将乌桕干叶乙醇提取液与链霉菌稀释液联合浸杀钉螺24 h,LC_(50)为53.95 mg·L~(-1),表明乌桕干叶乙醇提取液与链霉菌稀释液联合灭螺具有很明显的协同效应。为生态灭螺植物资源的合理使用及探索新的高效生态灭螺方法提供了理论依据。     

Pharmacological Proprieties of the Ethanol Extract of Muehlenbeckia platyclada (F. Muell.) Meisn. Leaves

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the Muehlenbeckia platyclada leaves' ethanol extract were investigated in animal models. The extract (p.o.) reduced the number of abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid by 21.57% (400 mg/kg). After intraplantar injection of formalin, a dose of 400 mg/kg (p.o.) inhibited the time spent paw licking in the first phase (26.43%), while the second phase was inhibited by 10.90 and 36.65% at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The extract (p.o.) increased the reaction time on a hot plate at a dose of 400 mg/kg (32.68 and 40.30%) after 60 and 90 minutes of treatment, respectively. The paw edema was reduced by extract (p.o.) at doses of 100 (15.46 and 16.67%), 200 (22.68 and 25.64%) and 400 mg/kg (29.50 and 37.33%) after 3 to 4 h of carrageenan application, respectively. Doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.), administered 4 h after the carrageenan injection, reduced the exudate volume (11.28, 21.54 and 45.13%), while leukocyte migration was reduced by 21.21 and 29.70% at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicate that the ethanol extract from M. platyclada may constitute a potential target for the discovery of new molecules with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities that can be explored for their therapeutic use.