灰铸铁飞轮壳体消失模铸造工艺

以灰铸铁飞轮壳体为例,系统的阐述了消失模铸造的工艺过程和工艺参数.采用阶梯式浇注系统,雨淋式加沙法,浇道比为F内∶F横∶F直=1.0∶1.2:1.4,浇注时负压为0.040～0.055 MPa.浇注温度控制在1 470～1 480℃.生产出的飞轮壳体铸件,石墨分布较均匀,基体组织为珠光体加铁素体,抗拉强度达200 MPa以上.     

利用数值模拟开发涡轮增压器壳体铸件

介绍了汽车发动机中涡轮增压器壳体铸件的结构及技术要求,利用自动化线壳型铸造,一型2件,水平分型,采用封闭式浇注系统,浇口比为ΣF直:ΣF横:ΣF内=2:1.5:1,其中,直浇道截面面积为1 200 mm2,横浇道截面面积为900mm2,内浇道截面面积为600 mm2。热侧冒口直径为65 mm,高度为100 mm,冒口颈尺寸为23 mm×33 mm;顶冒口直径为50 mm,高度为70 mm,冒口颈尺寸为10 mm×25 mm,并在涡轮室内部圆形平面处放置尺寸为50 mm×15 mm×15 mm的随型冷铁,使生产的铸件冒口颈区域微观缩松消除。     

前叉下管铸件的铸造工艺设计

介绍了前叉下管铸件的结构及技术要求,详细阐述了其铸造工艺设计:采取垂直分型,膨润土湿型砂造型;采用底注式浇注系统,圆锥形直浇道的截面面积为972 mm2,横浇道与直浇道、内浇道相连接,横浇道为截面积1 200 mm2的标准梯形浇道,内浇道的截面面积为420mm2,选用六角形浇口杯,浇注速度为8.12kg/s,浇注时间为5s,浇注温度为1580℃;采用12个尺寸为30mm×60mm×75mm的冷铁,选用腰形暗冒口,尺寸为a=50 mm,b=100 mm,h=100 mm;选择扁形出气孔。模拟结果显示,整个铸件未发现有缩孔、缩松等铸造缺陷,而且工艺出品率也达到了76.53%。     

运用大孔出流理论设计磨齿机床身底注式浇注系统

Y7163-10-102磨齿机床身,材质HT200,轮廓尺寸1275mm×680mm×620mm,主要壁厚20mm,最大壁厚55mm,铸件重1300kg,树脂砂型。运用大孔出流理论,设计底注式浇注系统,1个直浇道,直径φ55mm,2个横浇道,截面38mm×40mm,14个内浇道,截面29mm×8mm。浇道比为A直∶∑A横∶∑A内=1.0∶1.2∶1.4。铸件顶部放2只侧冒口,直径φ80mm。实测浇注时间80s,型腔金属液面上升速度8mm/s。生产结果表明:铸件形状完整,轮廓清晰。机加工后,铸件没有缩孔、气孔、渣孔缺陷,达到技术要求。     

铸钢涡轮增压器壳体的铸造工艺

介绍了铸钢涡轮增压器壳体的产品结构及技术要求,利用覆膜砂壳型铸造,水平分型,一型2件。采用半封闭式浇注系统,浇道比为A直∶A阻∶A横∶A内=1.2∶0.6∶0.9∶1。利用MAGMASoft软件预测铸件缺陷,通过工艺设计模拟与实际生产对比,验证工艺方案的可行性。     

浇注系统对大型球墨铸铁滑枕充型流态的影响

介绍了大型球墨铸铁机床滑枕的铸件结构,该铸件采用无冒口铸造工艺,立式、底注浇注系统,呋喃树脂砂手工造型。用计算机模拟对比了不同浇注系统对铸件充型流态的影响,详细阐述了利用MAGMA数值模拟软件模拟3种试验方案的过程及模拟参数设置,结果表明:内浇道喷射现象不仅与浇道比有关,还与内浇道设置位置有关;将浇道比设为ΣF_直:ΣF_横:ΣF_内=1:1.3:1.32,并且将内浇道设置在远离横浇道中铁液汇合处,可以有效避免在内浇道处产生喷射现象。     

利用负压消失模工艺生产机架铸件

介绍了机架铸件的铸件结构及技术要求,详细阐述了其工艺设计:采用底注、开放式浇注系统,浇口比为ΣF直:ΣF横:ΣF内=1:1.32:2,其中,直浇道截面尺寸为φ90 mm,横浇道截面尺寸为60 mm×70 mm,共2道,内浇道截面尺寸为25 mm×25 mm,共20道,在铸件关键部位设计一定数量尺寸为70 mm×70 mm的集渣包,浇注温度1 420±10℃,负压度0.4 MPa,保压时间15 min。为防止模样变形,采用竹木条拉筋粘接固定模样簇及消失模易变形的部位,通过设计使用一种中空芯铁填充物,有效降低该缺陷的发生几率。最终生产的铸件各项指标均符合技术要求,废品率由原来的80%降到20%以内,已达到批量生产状态。     

轮形铸铁件浇注系统与冒口联合补缩设计

采用半环形横浇道、内浇道径向引入.在浇注系统的对面安放侧冒口.直浇道、横浇道、侧冒口的大小采用模数计算法确定.用这种浇注系统和冒口联合补缩的工艺形式,生产中型(重85 kg)灰铸铁制动轮和球铁齿轮,消除了铸件缺陷.获得了内在和外在质量都高的轮类铸件,铸件合格品率98%～100%,铸件出品率85%以上.     

缝隙浇注系统的开发与运用

铸铁件浇注系统的典型结构,由浇口杯、直浇道、直浇道窝、横浇道和内浇道等部分组成。一个好的浇注系统对铸件的成功生产起到很大的作用。1铸件结构分析研发新产品中,转动轴以及轮毂属于厚壁球铁铸件,转动轴最大壁厚150 mm,最小壁厚40 mm,单重     

H-Process浇注系统设计及数值模拟

为实现水平控制浇注逐件充填型腔,设计了一套带浇口盆的浇注系统,其阻流截面在直浇道出口处,直浇道直径30 mm,立方体储井棱长85 mm,内浇口位于储井底部靠近前壁处,A内∶A横∶A直=(1～6)∶(3.5～4.0)∶1,并利用FLOW-3D软件对其中的金属液流动进行了模拟.结果表明,对铸钢而言,当浇注压头为60～200mm时,金属液逐件充型,整串铸型的浇注条件基本一致,U形横浇道具有较好的集渣作用.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。