火锅专用午餐肉软包装成型产品的加工

面对竞争激烈的市场,食品加工企业应满足市场需要服务于消费者,才能使企业经久不衰。火锅专用午餐肉软包装成型产品的加工,能促进企业的迅速发展,是因为其具有营养、方便、价格合理以及广大商家,消费者有传统消费习惯。近年来各类食品资源丰富,对食品贮藏加工企业影响极大,加上     

猪肉蛋卷午餐肉罐头加工及其研究

报告猪肉蛋卷午餐肉罐头的加工工艺及其要求，对有关问题进行研究。     

低脂牛肉午餐肉的加工工艺

以牛肉为主要原料加工午餐肉。通过添加膳食纤维——魔芋胶，并且调整产品配方，研制出口感颇佳且脂肪含量很低的午餐肉。     

大蒜粉对鸭肉午餐肉品质的影响

为探究蒜粉对鸭肉午餐肉品质的影响,获得最佳品质的产品。将0%、2%、4%、6%、8%的大蒜粉添加到午餐肉的制作中,利用电子鼻、质构仪、色差仪和低场核磁共振（Low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonanc,LF-NMR）分别对产品各品质指标进行测定,并结合模糊数学感官评价对鸭肉午餐肉品质进行综合分析。研究结果显示,添加了蒜粉的鸭肉午餐肉与未添加蒜粉午餐肉气味间有较大差异。随着蒜粉添加量的增加,鸭肉午餐肉的各项质构指标和色度的L~*值均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其中蒜粉添加量为4%时,各指标达到峰值。同时午餐肉色度的a~*值均降低,b~*值整体显著升高（P<0.05）,此外午餐肉中的不易流动水含量呈现先增加后减小的趋势,在蒜粉添加量为6%时达到峰值。蒜粉对午餐肉的水分分布有一定的影响。结合模糊数学感官评价结果表明当蒜粉添加量为4%时,鸭肉午餐肉品质最佳。综上,添加4%的大蒜粉能够改善鸭肉午餐肉的质构特性和风味品质,可提高午餐肉的营养和经济价值。     

蛋白性芹菜汁饮料的研制

利用芹菜和牛乳为原料，经合理调配加工制成风味独特，营养丰富和食用方便的蔬菜汁饮料。芹菜属绿色蔬菜，将芹菜汁与营养丰富的牛乳混合加工制成新型蔬菜汁饮料，可达到营养互补的作用。     

午餐肉的前世今生

一、快乐童年的标记 午餐肉，一种呈可爱的粉红色的罐头食品。罐头造型是两头为圆弧形的长方体，标准分量为每听12盎司。我们这代人记忆中，午餐肉是上海梅林罐头厂出的。提到午餐肉，就会想到梅林罐头厂；讲到梅林罐头厂，最先掠过的印象就是午餐肉。     

组织化大豆蛋白在午餐肉中的应用——双蛋白午餐肉的初步研制

<正> 午餐肉是罐头食品中人们经常食用的大众化的方便食品,因而人们对其风味比较熟悉,品质的好坏易于辨别.通常午餐肉中含有30～35%的肥肉,生产中若有疏忽,产品易造成“脂肪析出”、“弹性差”等问题.这种午餐肉的蛋白质含量也受到限制.在猪肉来源紧张、肉价不断上涨的今天,研究肉类制品(如:午餐肉、西式火腿等)中如何减少肉(特别是瘦肉)的用量,但又不能改变原制品的风味和降低产品质量,这是个具     

营养专家解析罐头四大“冤情”

二十多年前，各式各样的罐头是许多人喜爱的美味。玻璃罐里的黄桃，铁皮罐里的午餐肉……让我们想起来就流口水。可近些年，新鲜食品丰富了，又不时出现罐头没营养、有防腐剂的“传闻”，让罐头渐渐远离了我们的生活。吃罐头安全吗？     

海带的深加工及营养成分分析

摸索了将淡干海带加工成快餐食品的理想加工工艺，并对产品进行营养指标和卫生指标的检测。本产品是高蛋白、低脂肪的健康食品，而且食用方便。     

午餐肉罐头持水性的研究

提高午餐肉罐头生产中的持水性，是生产过程中的重要工艺，应用得好，则午餐肉的嫩度、切片性、弹性、组织结构和主要理化指标等方面都大有改善。反之，则较差。就如何提高午餐肉罐头的持水性作了一些研究。     

ACCEPTABILITY OF VARIOUS GROUND BEEF AND PORK PRODUCTS EXTENDED WITH MECHANICALLY SEPARATED BEEF

Six blends of ground beef and six blends of ground pork containing 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 or 75% mechanically separated beef (MSB) were prepared. Also five batches of fermented sausage and spiced luncheon loaf containing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% MSB were formulated. Level of MSB was not related to juiciness rating or mealiness scores of cooked beef/MSB or pork/MSB patties. The level of MSB significantly affected overall eating satisfaction ratings for each blend of MSB patties. MSB at levels of 15% or more had a negative effect on flavor acceptability of cooked ground beef or pork. Fermented sausage products could be extended with only 5% MSB without creating defects in visual appearance or sensory properties. However, the inclusion of 20% MSB yielded a spiced luncheon loaf which was higher in eating quality than an all-beef control. The beef/MSB patties, fermented sausage, and spiced luncheon loaves containing 15% MSB were acceptable for visual appearance. Based on this study, MSB produced from a press type machine, can be blended up to 15% with ground beef, ground pork and sausage products without significantly decreasing raw appearance, sensory properties or storage life. Since MSB is a red meat product available at a similar low cost as textured vegetable protein, the red meat industry would benefit from expanded use of this high protein extender.     

Acceptability and storage stability of pork products with increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids

Several batches of back bacon, belly bacon, Dutch-style cervelat sausage, pork loin roll, shoulder with fat, Bologna, Guelders ring sausage, Saxon liver sausage and luncheon meat were produced with increasing PUFA-levels using raw materials containing up to 30% linoleic acid in their fats. Only the preparation of the high linoleic fermented Dutch-style cervelat sausages gave problems. Fatty acid composition did not change during preparation, nor during a two months' storage of back bacon at 15°C. Sensory evaluations of the products by an expert-panel revealed only a few differences, mostly related to consistency. Penetration measurements on luncheon meat showed an increase of softness as the PUFA-level was increased Products were stored for up to 61 days at 4 or 15°C. During storage, peroxide numbers and p-anisidine values were determined and sensory evaluations performed by an expert-panel. The unheated, and some of the pasteurised, highly unsaturated products appeared to be very susceptible to lipid oxidation.     

鱼肉香肠的研究进展

鱼肉肉质细嫩鲜美、营养丰富,种类繁多,是一些维生素、矿物质的良好来源。与禽畜肉相比,口感更是软嫩,具有高蛋白、低脂肪。随着科学技术的发展,人们生活水平的提高,对食品工业应追求产品的多样化。将鱼肉做成香肠不但改变了鱼肉的感官品质,其工艺性能也得到显著改善,货架期也得到了有效的延长。从鱼肉香肠的鱼类品种、鱼肉香肠的类型、鱼肉香肠的加工、纯天然植物及其提取物在鱼肉香肠中的应用等几个方面进行综述。     

Occurrence of aflatoxins and aflatoxin-producing moulds in fresh and processed meat in Egypt.

A survey was carried out to detect aflatoxins and isolate aflatoxigenic moulds contaminating fresh and processed meat products. The fungal contamination was examined in 215 samples of fresh and processed meat products and 130 samples of spices used in the meat industry collected from different local companies in Cairo, Egypt. Processed meat products such as beefburger, hot-dog, kubeba, sausage, luncheon meat had the highest count of moulds as compared with fresh and canned meat. Out of 150 samples of meat products and 100 samples of spices, aflatoxin B1 was detected in five samples of beefburger, (8 micrograms/kg), four samples of black pepper (35 micrograms/kg), and four samples of white pepper (22 micrograms/kg). Aflatoxins B1 and B2 were detected in one sample of kubeba (150 micrograms B1/kg and 25 micrograms B2/kg); hot-dog (5 micrograms B1/kg and 2 micrograms B2/kg) sausage (7 micrograms B1/kg and 3 micrograms B2/kg) and luncheon meat (4 micrograms B1/kg and 2 micrograms B2/kg). Also, aflatoxins B1 and G1 were detected in two samples of turmeric (12 micrograms B1/kg and 8 micrograms G1/kg) and coriander (8 micrograms B1/kg and 2 micrograms G1/kg). Aspergillus flavus (24 isolates), and Aspergillus parasiticus (16 isolates) were the predominant aflatoxin-producing moulds isolated from both processed meat products and spices. Aflatoxins were absent in fresh meat, canned meat, salami, beefsteak and minced meat. The contamination of processed meat with aflatoxin was shown to correlate with the addition of spices to fresh meat.     

The irradiation of spices, packaging materials and luncheon meat to improve the storage life of the end products

Spices and packaging materials were exposed to γ‐irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy. Luncheon meat was prepared with irradiated or non‐irradiated spices and packaged in irradiated or non‐irradiated packaging materials. Packaged luncheon meat was treated with 2 kGy. Irradiated and non‐irradiated packaged luncheon meat were kept in a refrigerator (1–4 °C) for 12 months. Microbiological, nutritive and chemical characteristics of luncheon were evaluated after processing and during storage; whereas, sensory quality was evaluated only after irradiation. γ‐Irradiation decreased the microbiological counts of spices, packaging materials and packed products and increased its shelf‐life. No significant differences in moisture, protein, fat, pH value, total acidity, lipid peroxide and volatile basic nitrogen were observed as a result of irradiation. Sensory evaluation showed that all the combinations of treated luncheon meats were acceptable. However, the taste, odour, appearance and texture scores of irradiated packaged products were significantly lower than those of non‐irradiated samples.     

我国广式腊肠研究进展

广式腊肠是我国一种传统腌腊肉制品,近年来,其质量安全问题越来越受到人们的关注,关于广式腊肠的相关研究也日益广泛和深入。本文对广式腊肠的质量特性、加工工艺、配方的改进以及加工过程中的生理生化变化规律及作用机理等研究进展进行综述,旨在为其今后的研究提供参考。     

发酵香肠研究进展及展望

发酵香肠分布广、产量大,是发酵肉制品的典型代表,且因其独特的风味深受人们喜爱。近些年来,安全、感官及健康品质的提升已成为发酵香肠研究的核心内容,而发酵剂、工艺改进以及低脂低盐化等是其品质提升的重要举措。本文主要就发酵香肠在功能性发酵剂、复配发酵剂、酶、新工艺技术、低脂低盐化策略等方面的研究进行概述,并对其未来研究进行展望,以期为发酵香肠研究提供一定的参考。     

肠衣制备及其对香肠品质的影响研究进展

香肠是肉制品的典型代表, 且因其独特的风味而深受人们喜爱。随着生活水平的提高, 人们对健康饮食有了更高的要求, 给提高香肠品质和安全性方面的研究带来了更大的挑战。肠衣作为香肠的包装材料, 对维持香肠品质和延长其货架期具有重要作用, 是香肠必不可少的一部分。近年来, 肠衣对香肠加工和贮藏过程中的感官品质、理化指标、风味品质和安全性等方面的影响, 已成为研究热点。本文对肠衣的分类以及肠衣对香肠的品质和安全性的影响进行了综述, 着重考察了肠衣对香肠的色泽、风味品质、pH、生物胺含量、多环芳烃含量、脂肪氧化和微生物方面的影响, 为香肠加工过程中肠衣的选择, 以及香肠品质改善和安全性的提高提供理论依据。     

An Enzyme Immunoassay Technique for Detection of Salmonellae in Meat and Poultry Products

A commercially available enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) in which a myeloma protein (MOPC 467) is used for detection of salmonellae was compared with two conventional cultural methods for detection of salmonellae in naturally contaminated meat and poultry products. Products tested included mechanically deboned poultry, chitterlings, poultry carcass rinsings, chicken necks, luncheon loaf emulsion, pork sausage and basturma. There was 100% agreement between ELISA and cultural methods. The ELISA technique is specific and rapid. Identification of Salmonella-contaminated meat and poultry products was accomplished in 2-3 days compared to the 4-6 days required by conventional cultural methods.     

Effect of pasteurization and fermentation on residues of sulphonamides in sausages

The different effects of pasteurization and fermentation on sulphamethazine (SMZ) and sulphachlorpyridazine (SCP) were investigated in two common German meat products, luncheon meat and raw fermented sausages. There was no decrease in sulphonamide concentration (5 μg g^-1) in luncheon meat during the different stages of processing and storage (4°C up to 27 days). Less than 40% of the initial concentration remained in fermented sausages after ripening for 10 days in a climatized room. The sulphonamide content was reduced only if fermentation was involved in contrast with meat contaminated with other chemotherapeutic residues.