20CrMnMo钢渗碳齿轮磨削裂纹成因分析

采用化学成分分析、金相分析、显微硬度测试以及残余应力测定等方法对某20CrMnMo钢渗碳齿轮磨削裂纹产生原因进行了分析。结果表明:该齿轮产生磨削裂纹主要是由于磨削过程中表面产生严重的二次淬火烧伤和回火烧伤,二次淬火烧伤的次表面及边缘回火烧伤区硬度大幅下降及表面受拉应力,两者共同作用下产生了磨削裂纹;另外,渗碳层中存在针状马氏体和大量残余奥氏体,增加了齿轮磨削开裂的敏感性,这是齿轮产生磨削裂纹的另一个重要原因。     

飞机桨壳螺帽磨削裂纹分析

采用金相分析方法，对12CrNi3A钢制飞机浆壳螺帽裂纹进行了分析。结果表明，因磨削工艺控制不当，出现局部过热，使工件表面产生二次淬火马氏体，造成组织内应力增大，以至产生磨削裂纹。     

齿轮磨削裂纹成因分析

某齿轮磨削后表面产生了裂纹,其中齿顶裂纹为常规的磨削裂纹,而齿根裂纹为纵深较大的非常规磨削裂纹,采用化学成分分析、非金属夹杂物检验、金相检验等方法对裂纹产生的原因进行了分析,并从应力角度对磨削裂纹进行了分类。结果表明:磨削齿轮时进刀量过大使得摩擦应力陡增,在该摩擦应力与热应力的共同作用下材料表面被拉裂,导致该齿轮齿顶、齿根产生裂纹;从致使磨削裂纹产生的主导应力角度将磨削裂纹分为内应力主导的磨削裂纹和摩擦应力主导的磨削裂纹,该齿轮齿顶裂纹属于内应力主导的磨削裂纹,齿根裂纹属于摩擦应力主导的磨削裂纹。     

20CrNi2Mo钢齿轮磨削裂纹成因分析

采用宏观分析、化学成分分析、金相检验以及硬度测试等方法对某20CrNi2Mo钢制齿轮磨削裂纹产生原因进行了分析。结果表明:该齿轮磨削裂纹产生的主要原因是其渗碳区域存在严重的内氧化缺陷和魏氏渗碳体组织,降低了齿轮表层磨削面的残余压应力,增加了齿轮的磨削开裂敏感性,当磨削应力超过材料断裂强度时,便会产生磨削裂纹。     

曲轴疲劳试样表面磁痕分析

采用宏观和微观检验等手段对曲轴疲劳试样不同部位磁痕产生的原因进行了分析。结果表明:磁痕是由于带状组织、疲劳裂纹和磨削裂纹等原因造成的。磨削裂纹主要是由于磨削时摩擦应力过大造成的。原材料中存在较严重的带状组织,导致淬火组织和残余应力不均匀,对磨削裂纹的产生起到了促进作用。     

六方轴表面裂纹成因分析

材料为20CrMnTi钢的六方轴渗碳淬火后,在磨削时其表面产生了严重的裂纹。采用宏观检验、金相检验以及硬度测试等方法,对六方轴表面裂纹产生的原因进行了分析。结果表明:六方轴表面裂纹是因为砂轮修理不平整以及磨削工艺参数选择不合理,使工件表面产生了严重的磨削烧伤,当磨削形变应力、热应力和组织应力综合作用超过材料的抗断强度时,就形成了裂纹。最后提出了改进措施。     

轧钢机渗碳淬火齿轮磨削裂纹产生原因及预防措施

为找到轧钢机齿轮在生产中磨削后齿面出现裂纹缺陷的原因,对轧钢机渗碳淬火齿轮进行了宏观分析、化学成分分析、硬度测试及金相检验等.结果表明:磨齿工艺不当导致齿轮最表层形成未经回火的二次淬火隐晶马氏体,硬度高且脆性大,渗碳层最终形成高-低-高的典型磨削淬火烧伤硬度分布特征,当齿轮磨削表面产生的热应力、拉应力和组织应力大于齿轮...     

20Cr2Ni4钢活塞杆环状裂纹成因分析

某20Cr2Ni4钢活塞杆在装机使用一天后表面出现一条环状裂纹。采用低倍检验、化学成分分析、断口分析、金相检验以及力学性能测试等一系列试验手段对活塞杆环状裂纹属性及成因进行了分析。结果表明:该活塞杆环状裂纹属于疲劳裂纹;磨削工艺不当导致在活塞杆表层局部区域产生异常淬火马氏体组织,最终致使活塞杆在交变工作应力条件下发生疲劳开裂。     

内环凸轮磨削开裂原因分析

采用化学成分分析、金相检验及硬度测试等方法对某内环凸轮磨削开裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:内环凸轮淬火温度偏高且回火不足,导致其显微组织为粗大的针状马氏体及较多的残余奥氏体,增大了内环凸轮磨削开裂的敏感性和残余内应力;同时磨削时进给量大,冷却不充分,使内环凸轮表面产生了磨削烧伤变质层及较大的磨削应力;磨削应力、残余应力以及高速磨削时的滚压应力共同作用导致了内环凸轮的磨削开裂。     

马氏体不锈钢切刀失效分析

对某切刀矩时工作后出现的裂纹失效进行了分析。着重讨论了在磨削加工中形变应力、热应力和组织应力对切刀成形后的影响，提示了切刀在磨削加工后产生应力集中从而导致失效，提出了预防措施。     

螺型位错偶极子与圆形夹杂界面裂纹的弹性干涉

该文研究了螺型位错偶极子和圆形夹杂界面裂纹的弹性干涉作用。利用复变函数方法,得到了该问题的复势函数以及应力场的封闭形式解答。求出了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子以及作用在螺型位错偶极子中心的像力和像力偶矩,并分析了位错偶极子对应力强度因子的影响及界面裂纹几何条件和不同材料特征组合对位错偶极子平衡位置的影响规律。研究结果表明:位错偶极子对应力强度因子具有很强的屏蔽或反屏蔽效应;硬夹杂排斥位错偶极子,而裂纹吸引位错偶极子,在一定条件下,位错偶极子在裂纹附近出现一个平衡位置;当裂纹的长度和材料剪切模量比达到临界值时,可以改变偶极子和界面之间的干涉机理。同时,裂纹长度对位错偶极子中心像力偶矩也有很大的影响。     

The interaction between a screw dislocation and a nano-inhomogeneity with a semi-infinite wedge crack penetrating the interface

The interaction between a screw dislocation and a circular nano-inhomogeneity with a semi-infinite wedge crack penetrating the interface is investigated. By using Riemann-Schwartz’s symmetry principle integrated with the analysis of singularity of complex functions and the conformal mapping technique, the analytical expressions of the stress field in both the circular nano-inhomogeneity and the infinite matrix, the image force acting on the screw dislocation and the stress intensity factor at the crack tip are obtained. The influence of elastic mismatch of materials, inhomogeneity size, interface stress, wedge crack opening angle and the relative location of dislocation on the image force and on the equilibrium position of the screw dislocation and the shielding effect of the screw dislocation are discussed in detail. The results show that interface stress has a significant impact on the movement of dislocations near the interface, and the effect of interface stress enhances when the inhomogeneity radius decreases. With the decrease in the wedge crack opening angle, the influence of interface stress on the movement of the screw dislocation and on the SIF enhances. With the increment of the relative shear modulus, the influence of interface stress weakens with the screw dislocation locating in the inhomogeneity and strengthens with the screw dislocation locating in the matrix. When the screw dislocation is located in the inhomogeneity, the positive (negative) interface stress increases (decreases) the shielding effect, while this phenomenon is opposite when the screw dislocation locates in the matrix.     

磨削表面损伤对RBSiC弯曲强度的影响

借助X射线衍射方法测量了反应烧结碳化硅(RBSiC)材料的磨削表面的残余应力状态,并根据断裂力学评价了磨削引入的裂纹尺寸,分析了RBSiC的弯曲强度受磨削引入裂纹和残余应力的影响.研究表明,由于磨削过程中与磨削方向有关的机械载荷占主导作用,使磨削后的表面残余应力具有方向依赖性.砂轮轴向进给从0.90μm/s增加到1.35μm/s,磨削表面的残余压应力数值降低,计算得到的磨削引入的裂纹尺寸增大,导致强度下降.     

Screw dislocations interacting with a partially debonded interface in cylindrically anisotropic composites

Interaction between screw dislocations and a partially debonded interface in cylindrically anisotropic composites subjected to uniform stress at infinity is investigated in this paper. Using Muskhelishvili’s complex variable method, the closed forms of complex potentials are obtained for a screw dislocation and a screw dislocation dipole located inside either matrix or inhomogeneity. Explicit expressions of stress intensity factors at the crack tips, image forces and image torques acting on dislocation or the center of dipole are provided. The results show that the crack and dislocation geometry combination plays an important role in the interaction between screw dislocations and interface crack. Furthermore, it is found that the anisotropy of solids may change the shielding and anti-shielding effects arising from screw dislocations and the equilibrium position of screw dislocations. The presented solutions are valid for anisotropic, orthotropic or isotropic composites and can be reduced to some novel or previously known results.     

The elastic interaction of screw dislocations and a star crack with a central hole

The elastic interaction of screw dislocations and a star crack with a central hole was investigated. The complex potential of the present problem was obtained from that of an internal crack in an infinite medium using the conformal mapping technique. The stress field, image force and strain energy of dislocation, and stress intensity factor at the crack tip were derived. The critical stress intensity factor for dislocation emission was calculated based on the spontaneous dislocation emission criterion. The influence of the ratio of crack length to hole radius, crack number, and dislocation source on the above mechanical variables were studied. The present solution was reduced to several special cases previously reported in the literature.     

A Griffith crack shielded by a dislocation pile-up

The dislocation free zone at the tip of a mode III shear crack is analyzed. A pile-up of screw dislocations parallel to the crack front, in anti-plane shear, in the stress field of a crack has been solved using a continuous distribution of dislocations. The crack tip remains sharp and is assumed to satisfy Griffith's fracture criteria using the local crack tip stress intensity factor. The dislocation pile-up shield the sharp crack tip from the applied stress intensity factor by simple addition of each dislocation's negative contribution to the applied stress intensity value. The analysis differs substantially from the well known BCS theory in that the local crack tip fracture criteria enters into the dislocation distributions found.     

Comparison of elastic interaction of a dislocation and a crack for four bonding conditions of the crack plane

A comparison of elastic interaction of a dislocation and a crack for four bonding conditions of the crack plane was made. Four cases of single crystalline material, sliding grain boundary, perfectly bonded interface, and sliding interface were considered. The stress intensity factors arising from edge and screw dislocations and their image forces for the above four cases were compared. The stress intensity factor at a crack tip along the perfectly bonded interface arising from screw dislocation can be obtained from that in a single crystalline material if the shear modulus in the single crystalline material is replaced by the harmonic mean of both shear moduli in the bimaterial. The stress intensity factor at a crack tip along the sliding interface arising from edge dislocation in the bimaterial can be obtained from that along the sliding grain boundary in the single material if the μ/(1−ν) in the single material is substituted by the harmonic mean of μ/(1− ν) in the bimaterial where μ and ν are the shear modulus and Poisson's ratio, respectively. The solutions of screw dislocation near a crack along the sliding grain boundary and sliding interface are the same as that of screw dislocation and its mirror image. Generally, the effect of edge dislocation for perfectly bonded interface on the crack propagation is more pronounced than that for the sliding interface. The effect of edge dislocation on the crack propagation is mixed mode for the cases of perfectly bonded interface and single crystalline material, but mode I fracture for the cases of sliding interface and sliding grain boundary. All curves of Fx versus distance r from the dislocation at interface to the right-hand crack tip are similar to one another regardless of dislocation source for both sliding interface and perfectly bonded interface. The level of Fx for m=0 is larger than that for m=−1. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Behavior of Screw Dislocations Emitted from a Star Crack with a Central Hole

The behavior of screw dislocations emitted from a star crack with a central hole was investigated using discrete dislocation modeling. Cracks are uniformly distributed along the circumference of a circular hole. Dislocations are assumed to be emitted one by one from the crack tips along the radial direction. Each emitted dislocation moves along the radial direction and its velocity is proportional to the third power of the effective shear stress. A dislocation-free zone exists based on the assumption that the crack tip must overcome an energy barrier to emit a dislocation. The effects of the central hole, slit crack, number of cracks and applied stress on the plastic zone, total number of dislocations emitted from all crack tips and the first crack tip, and the dislocation-free zone were studied for a given friction stress. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.