TiO2功能薄膜的制备及影响其光催化活性的因素

近些年来，TiO2功能薄膜以其卓越的性能，尤其是优异的光催化性能引起研究人员的广泛关注，本文根据国内外近期TiO2功能薄膜的研究现状，对化学气相沉积法，水解一沉淀法，液相沉积法，溶胶－凝胶法，原子层沉积法，溅射法，激光辅助分子束沉积法等化学和物理制备方法进行评述，并比较详细地探讨了表面羟基含量，膜的厚度和孔径，结晶形态，基片种类，掺杂和光强度等因素对TiO2薄膜光催化性能的影响。     

基于SPM的花生酸LB膜的拉膜工艺及结构表征的研究

通过扫描探针显微镜（SPM）直接观察沉积在基片表面的花生酸LB（Langmuir-Blodgett）薄膜不同范围尺度下的微观结构.研究在经过表面两亲性（亲水性或疏水性）处理的基片上,在相同的制膜条件下,改变其拉膜沉积方式,对花生酸LB膜样品的表面结构、薄膜均匀性和缺陷等的影响.结果显示,花生酸LB膜在不同拉膜沉积方式下,薄膜表面将形成不同的分子自组装形态;改变基片表面的亲水性强弱也直接影响LB膜的表面形貌的均匀性,可能通过选择恰当表面处理和沉积方式来获得平整度更高,缺陷更少的LB膜.     

微波等离子体CVD法制备β—SiC薄膜

本研究采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法(MWPCVD),以三氯甲基硅烷和氢气为原料,在高纯石墨基片上制备出β-SiC多晶薄膜。随沉积条件不同,其薄膜有黑、灰、黄、褐等4种典型颜色。实验表明,氢气与三氯甲基硅烷的比率是影响薄膜外观颜色的最主要因素。XRD分析表明,黑色薄膜中存在游离碳,黄色及褐色薄膜中含有游离硅,仅灰色薄膜组分较纯。该法制备薄膜生长速度快且晶粒均匀细小。光电子能谱分析发现薄膜表面存在二氧化硅、吸附氧及CHx基团等,这是薄膜制备中的主要杂质。     

第十八讲真空蒸发镀膜

(接2013年第1期第96页) 残余气体分子撞击着真空室内的所有表面,包括正在生长着的膜层表面.在室温和10-4 Pa压力下的空气环境中,形成单一分子层吸附所需的时间只有2.2s.可见,在蒸发镀膜过程中,如果要获得高纯度的膜层,必须使膜材原子或分子到达基片上的速率大于残余气体到达基片上的速率,只有这样才能制备出纯度好的膜层.这一点对于活性金属材料基片更为重要,因为这些金属材料的清洁表面的粘着系数均接近于1.     

纳米沉淀二氧化硅的硅烷偶联剂原位表面改性

在沉淀二氧化硅的制备过程中,表面活性剂可以起到提高粒子分散性的作用.通过在沉淀二氧化硅制备过程中加入硅烷偶联剂,研究了硅烷偶联剂原位表面改性对沉淀二氧化硅性质的影响,并通过SEM、FTIR等分析手段对改性机理进行了分析.结果表明,当硅烷偶联剂(牌号为SCA-1613)的用量达到沉淀二氧化硅质量的6.0%时,制备得到的沉淀二氧化硅的物化指标明显改善.制得的样品白度97.1,比表面积223m2/g,吸油率为2.42ml/g,堆积密度为0.23g/ml.对改性前后的样品的SEM和FTIR分析表明,制得的沉淀二氧化硅原级粒度为纳米级,经过原位改性处理后,其团聚现象明显改善.FTIR分析表明,用硅烷偶联剂SCA-1613对沉淀二氧化硅在制备过程中进行表面改性时,改性剂分子吸附在二氧化硅颗粒的表面并与其形成化学键合.     

TiO2染料敏化薄膜的制备与结构表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法添加聚乙二醇表面活性剂制备了TiO2纳米粒子,采用滚压涂敷法在玻璃基底上制得TiO2纳米多孔薄膜,采用吸附法对多孔薄膜表面进行染料敏化处理.染料敏化处理前后,薄膜的微结构没有改变,但薄膜表面的成分发生了改变.对薄膜进行了XPS,AFM,SEM和XRD分析.结果表明,TiO2纳米晶薄膜中纳米粒子晶型为锐钛矿,薄膜具有网络多孔结构,TiO2粒子的粒径在20～30nm间,薄膜中空穴的孔径在50～150nm不等,未敏化处理的薄膜空隙中吸附了大量的氧,薄膜敏化处理后,表面的吸附氧被敏化剂分子中的氧取代,染料敏化剂分子通过化学吸附在薄膜表面.     

硅烷自组装膜对制备于多孔性基底上导电聚吡咯薄膜性能的影响

采用硅烷偶联剂对在多孔性绝缘Al2O3膜基底上形成的导电聚吡咯(polypyrrole, PPy)薄膜的形貌及导电性能进行了改善,并探讨了硅烷自组装膜与导电PPy薄膜的形成机理.用硅烷偶联剂对Al2O3膜表面进行改性后,形成了与基底牢固结合的硅烷自组装膜,然后通过化学聚合法在自组装膜上制备得到了均匀致密的PPy薄膜.结果表明:硅烷偶联剂有效地改善了PPy薄膜的均匀性及其与基底的附着性,电导率从5.4S/cm提高到了16.6S/cm.     

溶胶-凝胶法改性SiO2膜的润湿性与水汽稳定性

以甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)替代部分正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)作为前驱物,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了MTES改性二氧化硅溶胶和二氧化硅膜,研究了憎水基团的添加量对溶胶体系的稳定性和对二氧化硅膜润湿性以及水汽稳定性的影响.结果表明,随MTES/TEOS摩尔比增大,二氧化硅溶胶的稳定性降低,改性二氧化硅膜的表面自由能显著减小;表面润湿性降低,主要是表面张力中极性力的贡献,FTIR分析表明,这是由于二氧化硅颗粒表面-CH3非极性基团增加所致;在潮湿环境中陈化时,二氧化硅膜接触角的变化及吸水率随MTES/TEOS摩尔比增大而减小,疏水性二氧化硅膜的MTES/TEOS宜为0.8～1.0;AFM形貌分析表明陶瓷支撑体上的二氧化硅薄膜连续,膜表面较光滑、平整.     

偶联剂对聚酰亚胺／纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜结构与性能的影响

将经不同种类硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米Al2O3粒子借助超声波以一定方式均匀分散于聚酰胺酸胶液中,制备聚酰亚胺/纳米Al2O3杂化薄膜,并对该杂化薄膜的微观形貌、分子链有序度、热稳定性、力学性能、电击穿场强进行表征与测试.结果表明,偶联剂种类影响杂化薄膜的分子链有序度,在使用4种偶联剂改性纳米Al2O3制备的PI杂化薄膜中,使用偶联剂KH550的Pl杂化薄膜的热稳定性、力学性能最好;使用AE3012的PI杂化薄膜的电击穿场强最高.     

二氧化铪晶态薄膜的自组装制备

利用自组装单层膜技术,在玻璃基板上生长有机硅烷单分子膜层,以Hf(SO4)2·4H2O和HCl配制HfO2前驱液,通过液相沉积在硅烷的功能性官能团上诱导生成二氧化铪薄膜.通过接触角测试仪、AFM、SEM及XRD等手段对膜材料的表面形貌和结构进行了研究分析.结果表明,利用自组装单层法成功制备出立方型的HfO2晶态薄膜,薄膜表面均一.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.