7075铝合金在复杂触变挤压过程中的显微组织和力学性能（英文）

采用复杂触变挤压技术制备7075铝合金弯头零件,随后采用SEM、TEM等分析方法研究材料在复杂触变挤压过程中显微组织和力学性能的变化。研究结果表明:7075铝合金弯头各部分的显微组织存在较大差异。反向挤压形成的薄壁部位的显微组织出现分层现象,而角挤压形成的零件底部表现为明显的变形组织,且剪切力可以促进晶粒和粗大第二相的破碎。材料中主要的强化相为η相和E相。在坯料加热至半固态和触变挤压的过程中,η相和E相会大量减少。经过热处理后η相和E相均匀析出,可提高材料的力学性能。经过触变挤压和热处理后,弯头零件的平均抗拉强度为485.49 MPa,平均伸长率为5.49%。     

7075铝合金变极性等离子弧焊接头组织与性能

采用ER5183焊丝对厚度10 mm的7075铝合金进行变极性等离子弧焊,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、万能拉伸试验机和显微硬度仪对焊缝的显微组织和焊接接头的力学性能进行了分析和测试. 结果表明,7075铝合金变极性等离子弧焊接头成形良好,无明显的熔合区;热影响区的组织粗大,焊缝处和热影响区的硬度分别为120.9和125.9;焊缝处的抗拉强度为367.6 MPa,约为母材强度的62.4%,为焊接接头的薄弱环节.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of low frequency electromagnetic casting 7075 aluminum alloy

This work explores the microstructure of low frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) 7075 aluminum alloys and investigates the effect of heat treatment process on its mechanical properties via the mechanical properties test, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the grains of LFEC ingot were finer and more evenly distributed than that of the conventional direct chill cast (DC) ingots. The microstructure of LFEC ingot extruded kept their original as-cast structure with small and fine grains. With the same extrusion ratio, the average grain diameters of LFEC and conventional DC extruded were about 10 and 20 μm, respectively. LFEC extruded also had a better aging property, since the regime of T6 treatment peak value aging was at 120 C for 24 h, the tensile strength and hardness (HV) of the LFEC extruded were 673.50 MPa and 194.62, respectively, which were all higher than those of the conventional DC extruded, indicating that the process regime can be applied in the industrial production.     

Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of rheoformed wrought aluminum alloy 2024

The microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of 2024 wrought aluminum alloy produced by a new rheoforming technique under as-cast and optimized heat treatment conditions were investigated. The present rheoforming combined the independently developed rheocasting process, named as LSPSF (low superheat pouring with a shear field) process, and the existing squeeze casting process. The experimental results show that LSPSF can be used to prepare sound semi-solid slurry within 25s to fully meet the production rate of squeeze casting. The primary α (Al) presents in mean equivalent diameter of 69μm and shape factor of 0.76, and features zero-entrapped eutectics. Compared with conventional squeeze casting, the present LSPSF rheoforming can improve the microstructures and mechanical properties. An optimized heat treatment results in substantial reduction of microsegregation and significant improvement of mechanical properties, such as yield strength of 321MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 428MPa and elongation of 12%.     

7075铝合金热变形连接接头的组织与性能

应用Gleeble-3500热模拟机对7075铝合金进行了热变形连接试验,利用金相显微镜和扫描电镜对不同温度和保温时间的接头界面组织进行了观察和分析,并对接头进行了拉伸性能测试。结果表明:当连接温度为460 ℃,保温时间为24 h时,对界面进行EDS分析,界面处已经没有氧化物的偏聚,此时的力学性能最佳,抗拉强度达到444 MPa,屈服强度为265 MPa。     

7050-T7451铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能与疲劳断裂

针对7xxx高强铝合金的焊接研究现状,主要从TIG,MIG,激光焊及激光−电弧复合焊4类熔化焊工艺进行了介绍;从焊接缺陷、焊缝成形、接头软化、疲劳性能及耐蚀性等方面详述了7xxx高强铝合金熔化焊过程中存在的问题。对于7xxx高强铝合金的TIG,MIG,激光焊及激光−电弧复合焊,焊接缺陷、焊缝成形质量差及接头中强化相熔解等因素都会导致接头发生软化、耐蚀性变差及疲劳寿命降低;通过优化焊接工艺参数,减少焊接缺陷,改善焊缝成形质量,有利于改善接头的软化、耐蚀性差及疲劳寿命低等问题。选用合适的焊丝（含Ti,Zr元素及Er,Sc稀土元素）使焊缝产生沉淀强化、细晶强化及固溶强化,可改善接头软化的问题;采用适当的焊后热处理,改善强化相的尺寸、形态及分布状态,也可改善接头软化的问题;而采用适当的焊后热处理,还可以改善接头的耐蚀性。

     

7075和2024铝合金的固溶组织与力学性能

研究了升温固溶处理对提高７０７５和２０２４铝合金的结晶相固溶程度和力学性能的影响,升温固溶可使最终固溶温度超过多相共晶温度而不产生过烧组织,提高结晶相固溶程度。７０７５合金的结晶相较２０２４合金的易于固溶,两种合金的力学性能与固溶程度密切相关。强化固溶的７０７５合金强度提高约２０％,断裂和屈服强度可达６６０ＭＰａ和６０６ＭＰａ,其性能提高的幅度大于强化固溶的２０２４合金。     

5052铝合金FSW接头组织和力学性能

采用搅拌摩擦焊焊接8 mm厚5052-O铝合金,并对焊接接头进行了显微组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明:接头组织左右不对称,前进侧与母材分界线较明显,后退侧与母材分界线较模糊;焊接接头抗拉强度平均值为193.5 MPa,接头强度可达母材的99%,伸长率可达母材的84%;焊接接头正弯角和背弯角均可达到180°,弯曲性能良好;焊核区显微硬度约为72 HV,略高于母材,硬度最低点出现在前进侧熔合过渡区。     

Effects of rheoforming on microstructures and mechanical properties of 7075 wrought aluminum alloy

It is economically advantageous to cast wrought aluminum alloys directly into near-net-shape components.The objective of the present work is to take advantage of the rheoforming with 7075 alloy to improve the competitiveness of this emerging technology in the manufacture of wrought aluminum alloy.High quality semi-solid slurry was produced,in which primary α(Al) presents in diameter of 62 μm and shape factor of 0.78 and features no eutectics entrapped.Higher forming pressure results in small grain size,improved shape factor and higher density.Especially,rheoforming can effectively reduce the occurrence of hot tearing.The average yield strength and elongation of the rheoformed samples in the T6 condition are 483 MPa and 8%,respectively.     

7075铝合金高温力学性能及本构方程研究

在变形温度为440、460和480℃,应变速率为0. 001、0. 01和0. 1 s~(-1)的条件下,依次沿0°、45°和90°的轧制方向,对7075铝合金板材进行热拉伸试验,研究7075铝合金的高温力学性能。结果表明:7075铝合金的力学性能受变形温度、应变速率及轧制方向的影响,7075铝合金的抗拉强度随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增大而增加,且抗拉强度的增长率比较大;抗拉强度在轧制方向为0°时最高,45°时次之,90°时最低。通过对7075铝合金热拉伸获得的试验数据进行参数拟合,建立了在不同轧制方向上的Arrhenius型本构方程。     

等温重熔7075铝合金微观组织演变及预测研究

以7075-T651铝合金挤压材为研究对象,研究半固态等温重熔过程中等温温度和保温时间对坯料微观组织的影响,并基于Deform-3D软件JMAK模块中Grain-Growth模型预测液固区间晶粒长大规律。结果表明,随着等温温度和保温时间的增加,晶粒尺寸随之增大,晶粒趋近圆整,液相含量增多。在高固相区间保温时,组织经历了再结晶、合并长大和部分重熔等过程;在低固相区间保温时,组织短时间内即再结晶完全,并迅速长大,长大过程主要以Ostwald熟化机制为主。等温重熔晶粒长大公式中指数值n值取n=3更符合液固区间等温重熔的实际情况。经计算,在不同等温温度下,晶粒长大速度依次为：55.1、295.3、817.9μm³/s。从能量的角度考虑,结合晶粒长大公式,测得试验材料晶粒长大的晶界移动激活能为118.6 kJ/mol,基于此预测了等温温度在550～620℃范围内的晶粒长大规律,预测结果和实际测量结果接近。     

Influences of processing routine on mechanical properties and structures of 7075 aluminum alloy thick-plates

1　INTRODUCTIONAluminumalloy 70 75 ,havingsuperiormechani calpropertieswithahighspecificstrength ,isoneoftheattractiveengineeringmaterialsforapplicationinaircraftstructural partsandotherhighlystressedstructuralapplicationswhereveryhighstrengthandgoodresistancetocorrosionarerequired[1,2 ] .Itmayperform greatdifferentlywithdifferentworkprocess ing .Investigationsonthisalloyhavealwaysbeengo ingoninordertotapitslatentpowerofservice[37] .Alloying ,grainrefiningandsolution agingarethemainmethod…     

激光焊接镁/铝异种金属的显微组织与性能

对1.8 mm厚AZ91镁合金和1.2 mm厚6016铝合金平板试件进行激光搭接焊试验,利用体视显微镜、卧式金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、电子显微硬度仪、微机控制电子万能试验机等手段研究镁/铝焊缝的表面成形性、接头区域的金相组织、界面元素分布、断口形貌、主要物相、显微硬度与接头力学性能。结果表明:激光功率1900 W,焊接速度50 mm/s,离焦量f为0,Ar气保护气体流量为15 L/min时,焊缝表面成形性良好,热影响区窄,晶粒细化;焊接接头平均抗拉强度和抗剪强度分别为13.99和12.79 MPa,镁侧和铝侧焊缝硬度均高于母材;剪切断口较平坦、光滑,出现相互平行的疲劳条纹;拉伸断口存在较多高度不一致的解理台阶,呈脆性断裂特征;镁/铝焊缝界面存在Mg17Al12、Mg2Al3主要物相,其中Mg17Al12脆性相高温下比Mg2Al3延性相结构稳定,是镁/铝焊接接头呈现脆性特征和较难实现焊接的主要原因。     

5083铝合金MIG焊接头微观组织与力学性能

采用熔化极惰性气体保护焊开展了6 mm厚5083-H111铝合金热轧板焊接工艺试验,研究了接头宏观形貌和力学性能随工艺参数的变化规律,分析了不同区域的微观组织和元素分布对接头力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用优化后的工艺参数进行焊接,得到的接头表面成形良好,无明显缺陷。随着送丝速度增加,焊缝宽度随之增加;熔合线附近的热影响区发生完全再结晶,形成了粗大的等轴晶;焊缝边缘沿散热方向形成柱状晶,焊缝中心则为细小的等轴晶组织;Fe和Mn在热影响区偏聚严重,形成Al6(Fe, Mn)相,焊缝中Mg主要分布在晶界处,形成β(Al3Mg2)相。拉伸试验结果表明,接头最大抗拉强度可达307 MPa,约为母材抗拉强度的96%,拉伸后断裂于热影响区,呈韧性断裂;受焊接热输入影响,焊缝和热影响区的硬度低于母材,随着焊接热输入增加,焊缝和热影响区的硬度降低。创新点： (1)优化焊接工艺参数,获得了表面成形良好的焊接接头。(2)研究了焊接工艺参数对接头宏观形貌和气孔分布的影响。(3)阐明了接头不同区域的微观组织和元素分布对接头力学性能的作用机理。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金ECAP变形后的组织和性能

通过对退火态的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金在523 K加热进行不同道次等径通道挤压(ECAP),采用120°模具在Bc路径下经10次ECAP变形后等效真应变达到6.2.试验结果表明,退火态合金试样ECAP挤压后晶粒明显细化,8道次之后晶粒细化趋于缓和,10道次后获得晶粒尺寸为0.8 μm左右的等轴状组织.性能测试结果表明:合金的显微硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率随着ECAP变形道次的增加而增大,ECAP提高了合金的综合力学性能,显著地改善了合金的塑性.     

时效温度对轧制态7075铝合金组织及性能的影响

对轧制态7075铝合金采用固溶和时效处理,观察并研究了显微组织、扫描断口。研究发现:不同时效温度下,轧制态7075铝合金晶内和晶界处不同程度析出第二相组织η相,基体晶粒大小有较大差异。其中时效温度为200℃时,晶内和晶界均匀弥散分布着大量第二相,基体晶粒细化;时效温度为220℃时,弥散分布在晶内和晶界的第二相明显减少,并且基体晶粒粗化。时效温度为200℃时,断口韧窝最大最深,表现出典型的韧性断裂。     

固溶温度对7075铝合金板材组织与力学性能的影响

对经不同温度固溶处理的7075铝合金板材进行了硬度和压缩试验。采用金相(OM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM)分析了7075铝合金轧板在固溶过程中微观组织的演变。结果表明,随着固溶温度的增加,7075铝合金的硬度和最大压缩强度先增加后减小,在520 ℃条件下固溶时达到峰值,这是由于固溶温度升高,有利于第二相溶入基体,但同时也会出现位错密度下降和晶粒长大等现象。板材的力学性能各向异性随着固溶温度的增加不断减弱,这是由于随着温度的增加,原始的变形纤维组织向等轴晶粒转变,并出现晶粒长大现象,材料的择优取向减弱。     

Microstructural evaluation and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy prepared by controlled diffusion solidification

In the present work, 7075 aluminum alloy(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) was produced by both conventional casting(CC) and controlled diffusion solidification(CDS) methods. Each sample was subjected to different heat-treatment conditions: as-cast, T4, and T6; and their microstructural and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD). It was found that CDS promoted the formation of non-dendritic primary α-Al phase and reduced shrinkage porosity, thus resulting in improved mechanical properties. In addition, the eutectic phase of the CDS samples mainly consisted of T(Al-ZnMg-Cu) phase, which manifested a well-developed lamellar eutectic structure. However, in the CC samples, the T(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) phase was composed of rod-like eutectics. Moreover, the θ(Al2 Cu) eutectic contents in the CC samples were greater than those in the CDS samples. Each element in the CC samples had an obvious change in the grain boundary, whereas the change in element content in the CDS samples was gradual. Therefore, the non-dendritic morphology of the primary phase and the presence of rod-like eutectics in the matrix of the CDS samples led to enhanced tensile strength and elongation under different heat treatment conditions.     

7075铝合金TIG焊焊缝的组织和性能与耐腐蚀性

采用自研的7075铝合金焊丝对7075铝合金板材进行焊接试验,研究焊接电流(160?～?180?A)对焊缝组织和性能与耐蚀性的影响;同时观察T6热处理(480?℃?+?1?h,120?℃?+?24?h)后性能的变化.结果表明,焊缝组织均匀为等轴晶,而且随电流增大晶粒尺寸不断增加,热处理后晶界变窄,明显看出析出相变少;X...     

高强铝合金脉冲变极性等离子弧焊接头组织与性能

采用脉冲变极性等离子弧焊对厚度10 mm的7075铝合金进行焊接,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、万能拉伸试验机和显微硬度仪对焊缝的显微组织和焊接接头的力学性能进行了分析和测试,研究植入脉冲对焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,植入脉冲后焊接接头成形良好,由于高低频脉冲的周期性变化引起熔池液体强烈的搅拌作用,细化了焊缝的显微组织,强化相T相得到细化,提高了焊缝的抗拉强度和显微硬度,焊缝处的抗拉强度为397.9 MPa,约为母材强度的67.5%,比未植入脉冲时提高了5.13%,焊缝质量有所提高.