超临界CO2作用下BAPC的诱导结晶和熔融行为

采用DSC,WAXD研究了在超临界CO2作用下,温度、压力和共溶剂对双酚A型聚碳酸酯(BAPC)的结晶和熔融行为的影响.结果表明,超临界CO2 显著降低BAPC的结晶温度;少量共溶剂的加入使BAPC的结晶更加完善,BAPC晶体是单斜晶子;超临界CO2诱导结晶并未引起预聚体官能团的改变.     

超临界CO2作用下BAPO的诱导结晶和熔融行为

采用DSC，WAXD研究了在超临界CO2作用下，温度、压力和共溶剂对双酚A型聚碳酸酯（BAPC）的结晶和熔融行为的影响。结果表明，超临界CO2显著降低BAPC的结晶温度；少量共溶剂的加入使BAPC的结晶更加完善，BAPC晶体是单斜晶子；超临界CO2诱导结晶并未引起预聚体官能团的改变。     

超临界法制备离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴化盐

以超临界CO2为溶剂,由N-甲基咪唑和溴代正丁烷制备了标题化合物,并采用超临界CO2萃取的方法纯化产物.考察了超临界CO2温度、压力和时间对反应产率及对未反应的溴代正丁烷的萃取率的影响.产物的结构和纯度通过1HNMR表征.     

超临界CO_2作用下双酚A型聚碳酸酯的诱导结晶和熔融行为

采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了在超临界CO2作用下,温度、压力和共溶剂对双酚A型聚碳酸酯(BAPC)的结晶和熔融行为的影响.结果表明,超临界CO2能使双酚A型聚碳酸酯(BAPC)在其玻璃化转变温度下结晶.CO2是非极性流体,加入共溶剂能增加超临界流体的极性,或是与溶质形成氢键,从而大大提高流体的溶解能力.少量共溶剂的加入使BAPC的结晶更加完善,并能使其在更低的温度和压力条件下结晶.     

超临界二氧化碳的应用研究

超临界CO2具有气体的低粘度、高扩散系数和液体的高密度，且化学惰性，无毒无腐蚀，临界状态容易实现，是一种性能优良的环境友好溶剂。本文在超临界CO2作为萃取剂、化学反应介质、取代传统工艺助刑和溶剂及用于分析测试等方面综述了其应用研究。     

巴西人参提取皂苷的工艺研究

研究了用溶剂法和超临界CO2萃取,从巴西人参中提取皂苷的工艺,通过正交试验得出溶剂法比超临界CO2提取皂苷含量高7.14%,并得出最优化工艺条件（A3B2C3D3）,为其工业化提供了重要工艺参数。     

广西灵香草提取物的化学成分研究及香气评价

目的 :研究广西金秀灵香草提取物的化学成分及香气。方法 :采用超临界CO2 萃取法和溶剂法提取的广西灵香草提取物 ,用气相色谱 /质谱进行分离测定 ,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定 ,应用色谱峰归一化法确定各成分的相对含量。结果 :超临界CO2 萃取灵香草提取物得率 1.5 % ,鉴定出 2 7个化学成分 ,溶剂法得率 1.2 % ,鉴定出 2 0个化学成分 ;经评定 ,超临界CO2 萃取法得到的提取物气味更接近灵香草天然香气。结论 :用超临界CO2 萃取法可以生产出最接近自然香气的天然香料     

关于超临界CO_2萃取工业化应用的探讨

超临界流体萃取是利用一些物质在超临界状态下具有不寻常的溶解能力和溶解速度的特性,作为溶剂进行萃取的工艺。该文对以CO2作为萃取溶剂的超临界流体萃取的工艺流程、应用领域以及工业化生产需要注意的几个问题作了一些探讨。     

反胶团在超临界CO_2萃取中的应用

近年来超临界流体萃取技术倍受人们青睐,超临界CO2作为有机溶剂的替代者促进了绿色工艺的发展。对于相对分子质量大的或亲水性分子及金属离子,CO2并不是一种好溶剂。采用反胶团体系可解决这一难题并开发许多新的工艺。本文概述了超临界CO2中反胶团技术的发展概况,重点阐述了反胶团在超临界CO2萃取中的应用。     

醇酸清漆超临界CO_2喷涂工艺的研究

考察了超临界CO2-醇酸树脂-200#汽油拟三元体系相行为,结果表明:用超临界CO2为快挥发性溶剂进行醇酸清漆喷涂是可行的。还考察了不同喷嘴结构对雾化效果的影响。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。