Cu/TS-1催化苯甲醇选择性氧化制苯甲醛

以浸渍法制备了不同金属改性的TS-1分子筛催化剂M/TS-1,(M=Cu,Fe,Zn,Co,Cr,Mn,V,负载量为2%),用于催化苯甲醇选择性氧化制取苯甲醛。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对TS-1进行了表征。结果表明,TS-1分子筛在引入不同金属后,均保持了MFI的拓扑结构及其形貌特征。氮气吸附法(BET)以及电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)分析表明,各金属物种均匀地分散在TS-1分子筛表面,并且没有堵塞TS-1分子筛的孔道结构。金属的引入能够提高TS-1分子筛在苯甲醇氧化制苯甲醛反应中的催化活性,其中Cu负载的TS-1分子筛在以叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)作氧化剂氧化苯甲醇的反应中显示出了优异的催化活性,在反应4 h,反应温度323 K的条件下,苯甲醛的选择性98.2%,苯甲醇的转化率25.2%。     

Cu/TS-1催化苯甲醇选择性氧化制苯甲醛

以浸渍法制备了不同金属改性的TS-1分子筛催化剂M/TS-1,(M=Cu,Fe,Zn,Co,Cr,Mn,V,负载量为2%),用于催化苯甲醇选择性氧化制取苯甲醛。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对TS-1进行了表征。结果表明,TS-1分子筛在引入不同金属后,均保持了MFI的拓扑结构及其形貌特征。氮气吸附法(BET)以及电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)分析表明,各金属物种均匀地分散在TS-1分子筛表面,并且没有堵塞TS-1分子筛的孔道结构。金属的引入能够提高TS-1分子筛在苯甲醇氧化制苯甲醛反应中的催化活性,其中Cu负载的TS-1分子筛在以叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)作氧化剂氧化苯甲醇的反应中显示出了优异的催化活性,在反应4 h,反应温度323 K的条件下,苯甲醛的选择性98.2%,苯甲醇的转化率25.2%。     

无定型MnO2的制备及其催化苯甲醇选择氧化性能

用KMnO₄和MnSO₄为原料，通过简单的氧化还原过程合成了无定形MnO₂，并用于催化苯甲醇氧化制苯甲醛，发现制得的无定形MnO₂在催化苯甲醇氧化制苯甲醛中表现出较高的活性和苯甲醛选择性（100%）。考察了反应温度、氧浓度、催化剂用量以及反应时间对苯甲醇氧化的影响。结果表明，较高的反应温度和氧浓度以及合适的催化剂用量有利于无定形MnO₂催化苯甲醇氧化生成苯甲醛，在反应温度110 ℃、常压和通氧条件下反应3 h, 苯甲醇转化率和苯甲醛选择性均为100%。     

一步合成孔壁嵌入型纳米金-介孔硅催化剂用于苯甲醇选择性氧化

以P123为模板,在三聚氰胺、硫脲和硅酸钠共聚时加入氯金酸合成有机-介孔硅框架后再焙烧,一步得到了孔壁嵌入型纳米金-介孔硅催化剂.该催化剂在以氧气为氧化剂的苯甲醇选择性氧化反应中表现出好的催化性能.在反应压力为101325 Pa、反应温度为363 K的条件下,含金量为2.O％(质量分数)的催化剂可以在3h内将苯甲醇定量转化为苯甲醛.此外,该催化剂重复使用4次后,催化活性没有明显降低.     

催化剂MnyCezOx/Al2O3催化氧化乙酸乙酯的性能

采用浸渍法制备了Mn基负载型催化剂,测定了它们催化氧化乙酸乙酯的活性以及水蒸气对其催化性能的影响,研究结果表明所制备的催化剂对乙酸乙酯都具有明显的催化活性,其中催化剂Mn0.8Ce0.2Ox/Al2O3催化氧化乙酸乙酯的活性最高,其T90仅为225℃。催化剂Mn0.8Ce0.2Ox/Al2O3的抗水蒸气影响的能力也要高于催化剂MnOx/Al2O3。     

磁性复合氧化物催化剂的制备及其催化木质素液化性能

为了解决催化剂的回收再利用以及能减少回收利用过程中酸碱的使用问题,采用改进后的共沉淀法制备具有磁性的催化剂前体Fe3O4@Cu Mn Al-LDH,在不同温度下焙烧获得磁性复合金属氧化物催化剂Fe3O4@Cu O/Mn O/Al2O3,并用于超临界甲醇中木质素的催化液化。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对催化剂前体进行分析,结果表明制备出的催化剂前体具有良好的结构特征。通过热重(TG)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、氮气吸附脱附(BET)等手段研究了不同焙烧温度对催化剂的物化性质、物相结构的影响。在反应温度340℃,反应时间120 min的条件下,研究了催化剂的催化性能。结果表明,在450℃下焙烧时,催化剂具有优异的催化活性和稳定性,而且其磁学性能与焙烧前相比表现仍然相当优异。     

气相氟化四氯乙烯的ZnF2/Al2O3催化剂

采用浸渍法制备了ZnO/Al2O3催化剂,考察了载体Al2O3的焙烧温度对催化剂性能的影响。并对催化剂进行了X射线衍射（XRD）、Raman光谱、氨气程序升温脱附（NH3-TPD）和BET表征。结果表明：随着Al2O3焙烧温度升高,从900 ℃开始,?-Al2O3逐渐向?-Al2O3和α-Al2O3转变,1100 ℃焙烧样品中?-Al2O3的XRD峰强度达到最大。当温度继续升高,?-Al2O3将转变成α-Al2O3。Al2O3载体经过1100 ℃焙烧制得的ZnF2/Al2O3催化剂催化性能最高,当反应温度为300 ℃时,四氯乙烯的转化率为45.7%,HCFC-123(2,2-二氯-1,1,1-三氟乙烷)和HCFC-124(2-氯-1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷)的总选择性为48.2%。     

助剂钾对 V2O5-Ag2O催化氧化甲苯制苯甲醛的研究

制备了 V2O5- Ag2O- K2O/Al2O3- MgO和 V2O5- Ag2O- K2O/Al2O3- USY用于甲苯气相催化氧化制苯甲醛,研究助剂 K对催化剂作用的影响,研究表明 K有助于降低亲电子氧( O-、O2-)的含量,而亲电子氧是甲苯过度氧化的氧源,同时也阻止甲苯上甲基的断裂;提高甲苯氧化的选择性,阻止甲苯上甲基的断裂,使苯的生成减少. K有助于亲核氧( O2-)的生成,加快催化氧化过程. X衍射图谱分析表明,过量 K易形成无活性的 KVO3,不利于催化过程.     

水热法制备铜锰纳米复合氧化物及选择氧化苯甲醇制苯甲醛

采用水热法制备出一系列铜锰纳米复合氧化物,考察了样品选择催化氧化苯甲醇的性能。结果表明,铜锰摩尔比小于1时产物主要是尖晶石型的Cu1.5Mn1.5O4,大于1时产物主要是Cu0.451Mn0.549O2,等于1时则是二者共存,所有样品均为厚度约10 nm的纳米片。铜含量增加时催化剂的还原温度降低,Cu0.451Mn0.549O2的催化活性比Cu1.5Mn1.5O4好。反应温度300℃,苯甲醇质量空速3.13 h-1时,苯甲醇转化率和苯甲醛选择性分别为94.14%和83.73%。     

Pd-Co/Hopcalite混合氧化物催化苯酚氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯的研究

以Hopcalite氧化物作为载体,浸渍后得到Pd-Co/Hopcalite混合氧化物负载型催化剂,用于氧化羰基化合成碳酸二苯酯(DPC)。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对催化剂进行表征,结果表明:催化剂颗粒大小均匀,具有良好的孔结构;稳定晶相Cu Mn2O4、Co Mn2O4和Pd0.5Pd3O4的形成使反应前后催化剂表面活性组分Mn、Co的价态保持不变,有利于催化剂的重复使用;Pd0.5Pd3O4产生晶格缺陷,增加了晶格中的氧空位,可促进气相氧的吸附,加速整个催化循环,有利于活性组分再生,催化活性进一步提高。通过合成实验,DPC收率和选择性分别达到43.5%和99.6%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。