石墨烯阻燃改性聚合物研究进展

石墨烯作为一种新型阻燃剂,具有阻燃效率高、添加量低、无卤低毒、环境友好等优势,在聚合物阻燃改性领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文简述了石墨烯、石墨烯-阻燃剂复配体系、功能化石墨烯、石墨烯-纳米颗粒协同体系等阻燃改性聚合物等方面研究进展。     

石墨烯阻燃聚合物的研究进展

综述了聚合物/石墨烯、聚合物/改性石墨烯和聚合物/石墨烯/阻燃剂的最新研究进展,介绍了石墨烯的阻燃机理,简介了石墨烯对聚合物力学性能的影响,并对石墨烯在阻燃性能上的发展前景进行了展望。     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的阻燃性能研究进展

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料作为一种新型阻燃材料,具有阻燃效率高、添加量低、无卤低毒、环境友好等优点,是当今聚合物阻燃无卤改性研究领域的热点之一。本文简述了聚合物-层状硅酸盐体系、阻燃剂-层状硅酸盐阻燃体系改性聚合物的研究进展,以及功能化层状硅酸盐新型阻燃剂的制备、阻燃性能、阻燃机理以及在阻燃领域的应用。     

ABS及其复合材料的阻燃改性研究进展

综述了近年来酚醛树脂、聚磷酸铵等有机阻燃剂及石墨烯、红磷和次磷酸铝等无机阻燃剂阻燃改性丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)及ABS/聚碳酸酯合金的研究进展。阻燃剂的加入提高了ABS的垂直燃烧等级、极限氧指数以及燃烧后的残炭量,降低了ABS阻燃体系的燃烧速率,延缓了其热分解,使ABS的阻燃性能得到了提高。最后,展望了阻燃剂未来的发展方向,指出提高ABS阻燃效果的方法是开发阻燃效率更高的阻燃剂。     

石墨烯及其衍生物在材料阻燃中的应用研究进展

石墨烯作为一种新型阻燃剂,因其绿色、环保等优点而被越来越广泛的应用于各种复合材料。本文综述了近几年石墨烯阻燃复合材料方面的相关文献,讨论并归纳了石墨烯及其衍生物单独使用、将石墨烯及其衍生物进行改性以及石墨烯及其衍生物与其他阻燃剂协同使用时对材料阻燃性能的影响,总结了石墨烯在聚合物阻燃应用中存在的不足,分析了石墨烯在材料阻燃方面的发展趋势。     

文摘

聚合物基石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究进展[刊,中]/张建//化工新型材料,2012,40(8):8-10综述了聚合物基石墨烯及改性石墨烯纳米复合材料的研究进展。添加少量的石墨烯就可以显著提高聚合物材料各方面性能。近年来石墨烯得到了学术界和工业界的高度关注,石墨烯、氧化石墨烯的改性,以及聚合物基石墨烯纳米复     

氧化石墨烯在阻燃聚合物中的应用研究进展

石墨烯作为一种重要的碳材料,具有非常好的热稳定性能、力学性能,可以将其作为阻燃剂运用到聚合物材料中,从而提高复合材料的阻燃性能。而氧化石墨烯作为石墨烯的一种衍生物,在经过功能化后不仅弥补了其在高分子材料中难于分散的缺点,并且还可以通过表面改性引入其他元素赋予石墨烯新的性能。本文综述了氧化石墨烯及其修饰后的功能化石墨烯在阻燃聚合物中的应用研究进展。     

聚乳酸阻燃改性的国内外发展动态

聚乳酸是一种来源于玉米、淀粉、甜菜等可再生资源的生物基线型聚合物。聚乳酸具有优异的力学性能,生物相容性以及较高的透明性,因而被视为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯等石化基聚合物的潜在替代品。然而,聚乳酸较差的阻燃性以及在燃烧过程中的熔滴现象限制了其广泛的应用。近年来,国内外对聚乳酸的阻燃改性进行了大量的研究,其中以共混改性的方式最为广泛。文章讨论了卤系阻燃剂、金属氢氧化物阻燃剂、磷系阻燃剂、膨胀型阻燃剂、纳米阻燃剂等不同阻燃剂和阻燃体系对聚乳酸的阻燃效果和作用机理,展望了聚乳酸阻燃改性技术的发展趋势。     

膨胀型阻燃剂的研究进展

介绍了膨胀型阻燃剂的组成(酸源、炭源、气源)、分类(有机含磷膨胀型阻燃剂和无机膨胀型石墨阻燃剂)、阻燃机理及研究现状,列举了磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂和膨胀石墨阻燃剂两种膨胀型阻燃剂的研究及应用现状,并分析了这两种阻燃剂在应用过程中的阻燃机理及阻燃效果。最后提出了要从协同阻燃、表面改性、微胶囊技术等方面来提效膨胀型阻燃剂的发展趋势。     

黑磷烯纳米阻燃剂研究进展

黑磷烯是一种具有独特性能的新型二维纳米材料,所具备的窄带半导体性能特征,使其在场效应晶体管、光电子器件、自旋电子学、气体传感器及太阳能电池等方面具有广阔的应用前景。近年来,黑磷烯用于聚合物阻燃已成为新的热点研究领域。本文阐述了黑磷烯的制备技术及阻燃机理,详细介绍了黑磷烯作为阻燃剂用于环氧树脂（EP）、聚氨酯（PU）和聚丙烯腈等聚合物阻燃的研究进展,分析了黑磷烯阻燃剂在应用中存在的问题,并对黑磷烯阻燃剂未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

Carbon-family materials for flame retardant polymeric materials

As an abundant and attractive element, the emergence of new carbon-based materials brings revolutionary development in material science and technology. Carbon-based materials have spawned considerable interest for fabricating polymer composites/nanocomposites with greatly improved mechanical, thermal, gas barrier, conductivity, and flame retardant performance. In this review, the importance of carbon-based materials and the necessity of fire resistance for polymeric materials are initially introduced. Then, the fundamental flame retardant mechanisms and experimental analytical techniques are described to understand the relationship between structures and flame retardant properties. The main section is dedicated to the preparation and properties of multifunctional polymer composites/nanocomposites with carbon-based materials, with special emphasis on the flame retardant properties of these materials. A wide variety of carbon-based materials are discussed for use in flame retardant polymer nanocomposite, including graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes as well as some new emerging carbon forms (carbon nitride, carbon aerogels, etc). Finally, a brief outlook at the developments in carbon-based materials for flame retardant polymeric composites is given by discussing the major progress, opportunities, and challenges.     

Grafting multi-elements hybrid polymer brushes on graphene oxide for epoxy composite with excellent flame retardancy

In this paper, a silicon-oxygen coupling agent (MPS) with a double bond is hydrolyzed with graphene oxide (GO) to obtain MPS-GO. The polymerization of MPS-GO with the phosphorus-containing monomer (HEPO) is initiated with 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) to obtain multi-elements hybrid polymer brushes grafting graphene oxide (HM-GO). As a flame retardant, different amounts of HM-GO are added to obtain EP composites. In this system, the properties of composite flame retardant obviously increase with the increasing of HM-GO. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of composites with 4 wt% addition of HM-GO is 31.0%, while the LOI value of EP-0 is only 23.9%. And the peak heat release rate (PHRR) value is reduced from 515.8 W g⁻¹ of pure epoxy resin to 376.9 W g⁻¹. In addition, with the increase of HM-GO addition, the T_g value, flexural strength and flexural modulus of EP composites are improved. Through calculation, it is proved that the rising of T_g was due to the increase of crosslink density of the system. The flame retardant performance and mechanical properties of the composite materials are steadily improved, indicating that such flame retardants are dispersed well in the epoxy resin. HM-GO is an efficient macromolecular modified graphene oxide halogen-free flame retardant, which can improve both flame retardant properties and mechanical properties.     

Influence of fullerenes on the thermal and flame-retardant properties of polymeric materials

At present, the application of fullerene in polymer materials has become an attractive issue. Fullerene can enhance the thermal and flame-retardant properties of polymers due to its high capacity to trap free radicals. Fullerene also has good synergistic effect with inorganic metal flame retardant, intumescent flame retardant, brominated flame retardant (BFR), clay, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and so on. In this review, the impact and mechanism of fullerene and its derivatives on the thermal and flame-retardant properties of polymeric materials are discussed. And the prospect of fullerene in flame-retardant polymer composites is also briefly introduced by analyzing the research progress in the recent years. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 47538.     

聚合物/无机物纳米复合材料的阻燃性研究

本文详细介绍近年来问世的无机纳米填料,包括碳纳米管(CNT)、层状氧化石墨(LGO)、纳米蒙脱土(MMT)、多面低聚硅倍半氧烷(POSS)等复合材料的研究进展及阻燃性能特点.分析了当前阻燃聚合物/无机物纳米复合材料基础研究和应用中存在的问题,展望阻燃聚合物/无机物纳米复合材料研究的发展趋势,并讨论了若干阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料的前沿问题.     

低烟阻燃ABS体系的研究

对ＡＢＳ聚合物阻燃、抑烟性,与其它性能的关系进行了研究和探讨。实验结果表明,综合采用与阻燃树脂共混、添加复合阻燃剂和抑烟剂的方法可以有效地获得阻燃、低烟及其它综合性能皆优的ＡＢＳ聚合物体系。     

反应型含磷阻燃剂的应用研究进展

含磷阻燃剂具有低烟无毒、阻燃效果好的特点,是典型的无卤阻燃剂。本文阐述了含磷阻燃剂的阻燃机理,综述了将反应型含磷阻燃剂引入聚氨酯、环氧树脂和丙烯酸树脂等体系中所采用的不同改性方法,这些反应型阻燃聚合物均是主链或侧链含磷。本文还对近几年来国内外关于含磷阻燃剂在这些体系中的应用研究进展进行了概述,提出未来应加深对阻燃剂协同机理及含磷阻燃剂水性化和光固化的研究。     

聚烯烃无卤阻燃剂概况与发展方向

高分子材料用途广泛,但高分子材料大多数易燃烧,有些高分子材料燃烧时会产生大量的有害气体和烟雾,由此产生的火灾隐患成为全球关注的问题。添加有效的阻燃剂,使高分子材料具有难燃性、自熄性和消烟性,是目前阻燃技术中较普遍的方法。阻燃剂可分为含卤阻燃剂、无卤阻燃剂。目前,含卤阻燃剂仍占主导地位,但其发烟量大,燃烧时放出卤化氢气体,造成二次公害,所以高分子材料阻燃已趋向于无卤化。无卤阻燃剂有阻燃效果好、低烟、无毒等优点,因此,越来越受到重视。综述了目前常用的聚乙烯、聚丙烯塑料无卤阻燃剂的种类,相关产品及阻燃剂的发展方向。     

“三位一体”膨胀型阻燃剂的研究进展

“三位一体”膨胀型阻燃剂集酸源、炭源、气源于一体,具有良好的阻燃效果,热稳定性和耐候性好,低烟、低毒、低添加量,与高分子材料相容性好,是无卤阻燃领域的一个重要发展方向。“三位一体”膨胀型阻燃剂可分为环状、笼状及非环非笼状三大类型。本文对近年来其各类型的研究进展进行了综合评述和展望。     

Ecological issue of polymer flame retardancy

The use of polymer flame retardants has an important role in saving lives. The main flame retardant systems for polymers currently in use are based on halogenated, phosphorous, nitrogen, and inorganic compounds. All of these flame retardant systems basically inhibit or even suppress the combustion process by chemical or physical action in the gas or condensed phase. Conventional flame retardants, such as halogenated, phosphorous, or metallic additives, have a number of negative attributes. An ecological issue of the application of conventional flame retardants demands the search of new polymer flame retardant systems. Among the new trends of flame retardancy are intumescent systems, polymer nanocomposites, preceramic additives, low‐melting glasses, different types of char formers, and polymer morphology modification processing. The brief explanations on the three major types of flame retardant systems (intumescent systems, polymer nanocomposites, and polymer organic char formers) are the subject of this overview. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2449–2462, 2002     

磷系阻燃剂的发展动向

综述了磷系阻燃剂在阻燃机理及新型磷系阻燃的开发方向的进展。磷系阻燃剂以三种阻燃机理同时参与聚合物的阻燃作用,因此具有很高的阻燃效果。聚合物分子中含氧元素及燃烧是容易炭化的聚合物被阻燃效果最好,磷系阻燃剂与含氮、卤素等其他阻燃元素的复合阻燃剂是磷系阻燃剂发展方向之一。