端羟基超支化聚酯的稳定化改性及热分解行为

以长链烷基酸为改性剂,对以三羟甲基丙烷为核、二羟甲基丙酸为支化单体合成的端羟基超支化聚酯进行端基稳定化改性。采用羟值滴定和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)表征超支化聚酯的改性程度;采用热重-微商热重分析(TG-DTG)研究了代数、端基类型以及改性程度对超支化聚酯热稳定性和热分解行为的影响。结果表明,将不稳定的端羟基转变为热稳定的端烷基后,超支化聚酯的热稳定性明显提高,且改性程度越高,或长烷烃链越短,聚合物的热稳定性越好。超支化聚酯的热分解主要包括两个失重阶段,分别对应于由大量端基所组成的"壳"的破坏以及由大量C-C单键所组成的骨架(即"核")解体。极性端羟基的含量越小或非极性端烷基的含量越大,第一失重峰越不明显。     

端基对脂肪族超支化聚酯性能的影响

用十八酸对端羟基脂肪族超支化聚酯进行改性,采用差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析(TG)、旋转流变仪研究了不同端基对超支化聚酯的玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性和流变性能的影响.结果表明,端基对超支化聚合物的玻璃化转变和结晶有显著影响,通过端基长链烷烃链段的有序排列可以显著提高超支化聚合物的结晶性能;端羟基超支化聚酯的热分解...     

超支化聚酯对PET非等温结晶行为的影响

利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了2种不同端基的超支化聚酯(HBP)对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)非等温结晶行为的影响,用莫志深法对非等温结晶动力学进行了分析,通过偏光显微镜(POM)观察了各体系的结晶形态。结果表明:PET和PET/HBP的非等温结晶过程可用莫志深动力学方程来描述;HBP的加入并没有改变PET的结晶成核机理和生长方式;端羟基超支化聚酯(HBP-OH)的加入使得PET的结晶速率变慢,对晶体生长起到了抑制作用;端十六烷基超支化聚酯(HBP-C16)在PET中起到了很好的结晶促进剂作用,能够促进PET结晶。     

端羟基改性超支化聚酯的热稳定性及分解行为

采用热失重方法(TG)研究了端羟基超支化聚酯和端羟基改性超支化聚酯在氮气气氛中的热稳定性及分解行为。端羟基超支化聚酯的热分解过程包括酯基降解和碳碳键断裂2个阶段,随着代数增加,热稳定性有所改善。当端羟基被烷烃链取代后,端羟基超支化聚酯的热分解温度大幅度提高。低代数端羟基改性超支化聚酯的分解以碳碳键断裂为主,高代数热分解仍包括酯基降解和碳碳键断裂2个阶段。端羟基改性超支化聚酯的表观分解活化能明显提高。     

粉末涂料

可UV固化的粉末涂料用以长链烷基链段接枝的半结晶超支化聚（酯-酰胺）的合成和性能 通过以IPDI-C18和IPDI-HEA以不同比例改性超支化聚（酯-酰胺）（HP）的端羟基合成了一系列半结晶体超支化聚（酯-酰胺）,并以FTIR、NMR和GPC来表征。产品的结晶和热性能用X-射线衍射和差示扫描量热法（DSC）测试;     

超支化聚酯对环氧 -聚酯混合型粉末涂料耐冲击性的改性研究

首先通过准一步法以三羟甲基丙烷（ TMP）为核,以 2,2-二羟甲基丙酸（ DMPA）为 AB2单体,制备了端羟基超支化聚酯（HBPE-OH）。然后采用邻苯二甲酸酐对端羟基超支化聚酯进行端基改性制备了端羧基超支化聚酯（ HBPE-COOH）。研究了上述 2种超支化聚酯对环氧 -聚酯体系固化性能及环氧 -聚酯混合型粉末涂料增韧效果的影响。研究结果表明： HBPE-COOH可使环氧 -聚酯体系的固化程度增大,而 HBPE-OH使环氧 -聚酯体系的固化程度略有降低。由于超支化聚酯分子内存在大量的空腔, 2种 HBPE均可有效提高涂层的耐冲击性能。其中, HBPE-COOH的增韧效果更佳。     

棕榈酸对脂肪族超支化聚酯的端基改性研究

采用准一步法,以三羟甲基丙烷为核,2,2-二羟甲基丙酸为AB2型单体合成超支化聚酯。为了拓宽其使用范围,用棕榈酸(十六碳酸)对超支化聚酯进行端基改性,成功地找出了提纯的方法,并进行了表征。测试结果表明,聚酯的端羟基大约有97%被酯化,说明方法可行。与用棕榈酰氯进行改性相比,大大节约了成本。     

一种端羧基超支化聚酯阻垢剂的合成及其阻垢性能研究

针对多晶硅换热器运行过程结垢问题,以三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为核、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为AB2型聚合单体,合成端羟基超支化聚酯(HBP-OH),再以马来酸酐(MAH)进行端羟基改性,得到一种端羧基超支化聚酯(HBP-OMA)阻垢剂,考察了反应时间、反应温度、n(HBP-OH):n(MAH)对HBP-OMA阻垢...     

端环氧基超支化聚酯的合成及应用

本文以季戊四醇为心核结构、2,2-二羟甲基丁酸为重复单元、对苯甲磺酸为催化剂,合成了端羟基超支化聚酯;然后,采用环氧氯丙烷对超支化聚酯的端羟基进行环氧官能化,合成端环氧基超支化聚酯,采用GPC、13CNMR及1H-NMR图谱对结构进行表征。采用端环氧基超支化聚酯做增韧剂,研究其对双酚A环氧树脂力学性能的影响,探讨了端环氧基超支化聚酯对环氧树脂固化体系力学性能及韧性的影响。     

超支化聚酯的合成及改性环氧树脂的研究

以季戊四醇为核,2,2-二羟甲基丙酸为增长单体,对苯甲磺酸为催化剂,合成了超支化聚酯,通过FI-IR图谱对超支化聚酯进行结构表征,证明得到端基为羟基的超支化聚酯。采用超支化聚酯做增韧剂,研究其对环氧/四氢苯酐固化体系的增韧作用,探讨了超支化聚酯的分子量(代数)、超支化聚酯的含量、固化温度等因素对环氧树脂固化体系力学韧性的影响。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。