溴化聚苯乙烯阻燃长玻璃纤维/PA6复合材料性能的研究

利用溴化聚苯乙烯(BPS)协同三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)制备新型卤素阻燃长玻璃纤维(LGF)增强尼龙6复合材料(BPS/LGF/PA6),通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)、热重分析法(TGA)、锥形量热(cone)等方法研究了BPS协同Sb2O3对LGF/PA6复合材料阻燃性能影响。结果表明,在BPS与Sb2O3的协效阻燃体系的质量分数为16%时,可使BPS/LGF/PA6复合材料的阻燃等级达到FV-0级,LOI为25.2%。而且,BPS协同Sb2O3能提高BPS/LGF/PA6复合材料的热稳定性,缓解PA6分解速率,从而起到良好的阻燃作用,成功地解决了玻纤增强材料燃烧时的"烛芯效应"问题。     

阻燃型LGF/PA6复合材料的制备及阻燃机理研究

利用溴化环氧树脂(BER)协同三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)制备新型卤素阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料(FR/LGF/PA6)。通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)、热重分析法(TGA)、锥形量热(cone)、红外光谱分析(FTIR)等方法研究了BER协同Sb2O3对长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料阻燃性能影响。结果表明:在BER与Sb2O3的协效阻燃体系质量分数为12%时,可使FR/LGF/PA6复合材料的阻燃等级达到FV-0级,LOI为23.9%,且力学性能表现为最佳。锥形量热与热失重分析均表明:BER协同Sb2O3能提高FR/LGF/PA6复合材料的热稳定性,缓解PA6分解速率,从而起到良好的阻燃作用,成功地解决了玻纤增强材料燃烧时的"烛芯效应"问题。红外光谱和锥形量热分析表明:LGF/PA6与FR/LGF/PA6复合材料热处理后的炭层结构不完全相同,说明了BER协同Sb2O3不仅在气相发挥阻燃作用,在固相也同样发挥阻燃作用。     

无机填料对PA6/MCA阻燃复合材料性能的影响

研究了不同种类的无机填料(硅灰石、碳酸钙)对尼龙6(PA6)/三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)阻燃复合材料性能的影响。阻燃性能测试结果表明,PA6/MCA/硅灰石阻燃复合材料为UL94 V–0级,比PA6/MCA阻燃复合材料(V–2级)有显著提高;然而PA6/MCA/碳酸钙阻燃复合材料的极限氧指数却有所下降。扫描电子显微镜测试分析表明,PA6/MCA/硅灰石阻燃复合材料燃烧后的表面炭层呈连续、致密状;PA6/MCA/碳酸钙阻燃复合材料的表面炭层有很多孔洞,且孔洞直径大。傅立叶变换红外光谱测试结果表明,PA6/MCA/硅灰石阻燃复合材料的表面炭层与Si O2能很好地结合,形成致密的保护层,致使其阻燃性能显著提高。另外,力学性能测试结果表明,硅灰石能够提高PA6/MCA阻燃复合材料的拉伸强度,但降低了缺口冲击强度,而碳酸钙的加入却使得PA6/MCA阻燃复合材料的综合力学性能有所下降。     

溴代三嗪阻燃剂对LGF/PA6复合材料阻燃机理及降解行为的影响

利用溴代三嗪(BrN)协同三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)制备N-Br-Sb阻燃长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料(BrN/LGF/PA6),通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)、热重分析法(TGA)、锥形量热分析(CONE)、红外光谱分析(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了BrN协同Sb2O3对长玻纤增强尼龙6复合材料阻燃性能影响.结果表明,在BrN与Sb2O3的协效阻燃体系添加量为16％时,可使BrN/LGF/PA6复合材料的阻燃等级达到FV-0级,LOI为26.9％.锥形量热与热失重分析均表明,BrN协同Sb2O3能提高BrN/LGF/PA6复合材料的高温下热稳定性,促进PA6分解成炭,从而起到良好的阻燃作用.红外光谱、扫描电镜和锥形量热分析表明,LGF/PA6与BrN/LGF/PA6复合材料热处理后的炭层结构不完全相同,说明了BrN协同Sb2O3不仅在气相发挥阻燃作用,在固相也同样发挥阻燃作用.     

三氧化二锑的表面改性及其在软质PVC中的应用研究

采用硬脂酸对三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)进行表面改性,并通过活化指数、红外光谱等检测对改性效果进行了表征。通过单因素实验研究了改性Sb2O3对软质PVC复合体系阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当改性Sb2O3在软质PVC复合体系中的用量为3 phr时,体系的阻燃性能和力学性能达到最佳。     

普通与纳米三氧化二锑对尼龙6性能的影响

采用普通三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)和等离子体法制备的纳米二氧化二锑(nano-Sb2O3)制备阻燃尼龙6(PA6),通过氧指数(LOI)、热降解(TG)及TEM等检测,研究了普通Sb2O3与nano-Sb2O3对PA6的阻燃性能和力 学性能的影响.结果表明:随着Sb2O3添加量的增加,普通Sb2O3与nano-Sb2O3对PA6氧指数影响的变化趋势类似,但nano-Sb2O3/PA6复合材料的氧指数可达到30％,普通Sb2O3/PA6材料氧指数仅为28.5％,且达到极值时,nanoSb2O3的添加量较普通Sb2O3的至少减少25％;当普通Sb2O3和nano-Sb2O3的质量分数为6％时,PA6的热降解外推温度分别提高约15℃和20℃;添加nano-Sb2O3后,材料拉伸性能和冲击性能较添加普通Sb2O3更加恶化;当质量分数为6％时,普通Sb2O3在尼龙6中颗粒尺寸分布为15～ 600 nm,nano-Sb2O3在PA6中分散较均匀,一次颗粒尺寸约为10～50 nm,有部分聚集.     

水滑石/LLDPE无卤阻燃复合材料的阻燃性

研究了以水滑石(LDHs),微胶囊化红磷(MRP)、三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)和二茂铁(FC)复配得到的复合阻燃剂对线形低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)复合材料性能的影响.分别通过氧指数、水平燃烧和力学性能测试考察了复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能.结果表明,当LLDPE/乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)/LDHs/MRP/Sb2O3/FC/过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)质量比为60/40/48/17/5/5/0.7时,复合材料的氧指数达到34.5%,阻燃级别为FH-1;断裂伸长率为225%,拉伸强度达10.9 MPa.     

三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐/氧化锑/石墨烯复合阻燃玻璃纤维增强聚酰胺6复合材料

研究了阻燃剂三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐（MCA）/氧化锑（Sb2O3）和石墨烯（GP）对玻璃纤维（GF）增强聚酰胺6（PA6）复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,MCA/Sb2O3（质量比为70/30）的加入改善了PA6和GF的相容性,与不添加阻燃剂的PA6/GF相比,当MCA/Sb2O3含量为30份时,复合材料的强度、刚性和阻燃性能显著提高;GP的加入对PA6/GF的力学性能影响不大,但阻燃性能明显提高,当GP的含量为0.3份时,复合材料的极限氧指数达到30.1 %,阻燃等级达到UL 94 V-0级;GP在PA6/GF的燃烧过程中具有促进炭化和发泡双重作用。     

Mg(OH)2与包覆红磷协效阻燃PP/PA6复合材料的研究

研究了包覆红磷和Mg(OH)2/包覆红磷复配体系对聚丙烯/尼龙6(PP/PA6)合金性能的影响,分析了不同阻燃体系对PP/PA6合金的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响,选用热塑性弹性体POE-g-MAH对阻燃PP/PA6复合材料进行了增韧改性.结果表明:Mg(OH)2与包覆红磷能协效阻燃PP/PA6复合体系,当包覆红磷添加量为15份.Mg(OH)2为30份时,PP/PA6复合材料的氧指数从19.2%提高到27.5%;POE较好地改善了材料的冲击性能,其添加量为15份时,材料的冲击强度可由3.4 kJ/m2增大至8.6 kJ/m2,并保持良好的阻燃性能.     

改性Sb2O3协同十溴二苯乙烷阻燃LDPE/EVA的研究

采用熔融共混法制备了阻燃低密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(LDPE/EVA)复合材料,研究了表面有机化改性三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)与十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)在LDPE/EVA中的阻燃协效性,通过极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧等级(UL94)、力学性能和热稳定性等测试对复合材料进行研究。结果表明,DBDPE/Sb2O3复合阻燃剂对LDPE/EVA有良好的阻燃作用,经表面有机化改性的Sb2O3,较之未改性Sb2O3阻燃协效性增强,制品热稳定性提高,对力学性能影响较小。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.