4-甲基酚在硫化态CoMo/ZrO_2催化剂上C—O键选择性断裂研究

酚类的脱除转化是中低温煤焦油清洁高值化利用中的关键问题。煤焦油中高级酚尤其是烷基酚可通过C—O键选择性断裂直接加氢脱氧(DDO)获取芳烃。研究了硫化态CoMo/ZrO_2催化剂对4-甲基酚的加氢脱氧性能。结果表明,反应压力、温度、时间和催化剂质量均对4-甲基酚转化率影响显著。4-甲基酚转化率可高达99. 88%,甲苯选择性为90. 47%。反应主要产物为甲苯和甲基环己烷,甲苯选择性降低主要是因为生成了甲基环己烷。甲苯的选择性受催化剂质量影响显著,甲苯选择性可高达96. 0%,此时4-甲基酚转化率为96. 35%。     

层化法制备MoS2催化剂及其加氢脱氧性能研究

以商品MoS_2为原料,采用正丁基锂嵌入层化法制备了具有大比表面积的MoS_2催化剂,比表面积高达10.20 m~2/g。BET、XRD、SEM等表征结果表明:采用加入阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)的改进层化法,能够制备出堆叠层数较少的MoS_2催化剂,而阴离子表面活性剂的加入不能促进层化效果。MoS_2催化对甲基苯酚加氢脱氧反应(HDO)的主要产物为4-甲基环己烯、甲基环己烷和甲苯。层化MoS_2催化剂中具有2个催化作用的活性位:"侧边"位(Edge)和"棱边"位(Rim),加氢脱氧反应更容易发生在"棱边"位上。层化MoS_2催化剂中加入助剂Ni或Co可以提高催化剂的加氢脱氧活性,其催化对甲基苯酚加氢脱氧反应的转化率提高幅度为10%左右,助剂Ni的引入可以促进甲苯转化为甲基环己烷,更有利于提高以生物油为原料制备燃料油的品质。总体上,加入Ni或Co的层化MoS_2催化剂,其HDO反应活性仍不高,可能是由于MoS_2本身所具有的特定结构和化学活性的有限性而决定的。     

Pt/TiO_2催化间甲基苯酚加氢脱氧路径探究

通过等体积浸渍法制备了催化剂Pt/TiO_2。利用间甲基苯酚及其中间产物(甲基环己酮、甲基环己醇、甲基环己烷和甲苯等)在催化剂Pt/TiO_2上的反应探究了甲基苯酚加氢脱氧的反应路径。利用XRD、H_2-TPR、TEM、NH_3-TPD、XPS等对催化剂的表面性质和结构性质进行了表征。结果表明,金属Pt能高度分散在载体TiO_2上。Pt/TiO_2催化间甲基苯酚加氢脱氧反应主要存在2种路径:一种是间甲基苯酚直接脱氧生成甲苯(DDO路径);另一种是间甲基苯酚先加氢生成甲基环己酮、甲基环己醇,然后脱水生成甲基环己烯,再加氢生成甲基环己烷。     

超细镍基催化剂下甲苯加氢性能的分析

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）、酞酸丁酯、硝酸镍为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了超细镍基催化剂,并进行了表征,通过改变工艺条件进行单因素实验,确定了超细镍基催化剂催化甲苯加氢的最合适工艺条件为：反应温度170 ℃、压力0.6 MPa、空速4 h－1、氢烃比10︰1,甲苯加氢生成甲基环己烷的转化率为100%,在80～200 ℃的实验范围内,选择性良好,并无开环及其它副反应的发生,甲基环己烷的选择性100%,实验表明溶胶-凝胶法制备的超细镍基催化剂是优良的甲苯加氢催化剂。     

TiO2负载Pd-Fe催化剂常压氢化间硝基三氟甲苯的研究

研究了以TiO2负载Pd-Fe作催化剂,间硝基三氟甲苯常压加氢制备间三氟甲基苯胺,探讨了反应时间、溶剂及其用量、反应温度和催化剂用量等因素对加氢反应的影响,用元素分析、IR和 1HNMR对产物的结构进行了表征.优化反应条件为:催化剂用量为2.6 g/mol硝基物,无水乙醇作溶剂,用量为0 .8 L/mol硝基物,反应温度为50 ℃,0.1 MPa下加氢反应2 h,产率97.7%,目标产物的纯度达99.2%,催化剂可以重复使用10次.     

技术市场

甲基环己烷空气氧化制备甲基环己酮该专利技术以简单卟啉为催化剂、以空气为氧源,实现了无助还原剂、助催化剂条件下,对甲基环己烷一步选择性催化氧化制备甲基环己酮和甲基环己醇。以锰卟啉(TPPMnCl)为催化剂,在温度为140℃、反应压力0·8 MPa,催化剂质量为5 mg(以350 mL甲基环己烷计),空气体积流量为0·08 m3/h的最佳反应条件下反应120 min,甲基环己烷的转化率达13·75%,甲基环己醇和甲基环己酮的总选择性达66%,催化剂转化数为56 169。与目前工业上生产工艺比较,该反应工艺从甲苯开始只需两步,且避免了使用大量无机酸和无机碱和其他试…     

1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇的合成工艺研究

采用乙酰氯为酰化剂、三氯化铝催化甲苯的傅-克酰基化反应制备4-甲基苯乙酮,然后采用固定床将其在CuO-NiO-MnO2/SiO2铜基催化剂上连续催化加氢制备1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇。研究结果表明,以二氯甲烷作溶剂,n(AlCl3)∶n(甲苯)∶n(乙酰氯)=1.1∶1∶1.1时,反应时间1h,反应温度0℃,甲苯的转化率达100%,4-甲基苯乙酮的收率为99.5%,纯度可达99.2%。然后在铜基催化剂CuO-NiO-MnO2/SiO2的催化下,氢气压力2.0MPa,反应温度100℃,n(H2)∶n(4-甲基苯乙酮)=30∶1,液空速为0.30h-1的条件下,4-甲基苯乙酮加氢制备1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇,4-甲基苯乙酮的转化率为100%,1-(4-甲基苯基)乙醇的收率为97.6%。     

多相态甲基环己烷催化脱氢反应过程的研究

从系统动态能量平衡的角度对以Raney-Ni为催化剂的甲基环己烷在"多相态"模式下的脱氢反应过程进行了研究,考察了反应温度(453～573 K)、反应液用量(0.2～4.0 mL)和催化剂用量(2～10 g)对甲基环己烷脱氢转化率的影响.反应过程中生成的气体通过冷凝回流装置不断地从反应体系中分离溢出,通过对Raney-Ni催化剂表面温度和冷凝回滴液量的控制,使整个反应体系始终介于"液-固"和"气-固"的中间状态,实现反应体系的"液(由反应物系的冷凝回滴实现)、气(通过催化剂表面高温气化反应物系实现)、固(即固体催化剂)"的三相共存.研究表明,在多相态的反应体系中存在一个最佳的能量平衡点,它所对应的反应物在催化剂表面的停留时间,既能保证反应液与催化剂充分有效地接触,又能使反应物在发生脱氢反应后立即被气化脱离催化剂,抑制逆反应的发生,从而有效地提高甲基环己烷的脱氢转化率.在523 K,0.5 mL甲基环己烷和8 g Raney-Ni的反应条件下,甲基环己烷的脱氢转化率达到65%.     

RuPd/C催化对苯二甲酸二甲酯加氢制备1,4-环己烷二甲酸二甲酯

采用纳米级Ru-Pd/C催化剂,在温和条件下将其应用于对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMT)加氢制备1,4-环己烷二甲酸二甲酯(DMCD)的反应。考察了溶剂、反应温度、压力、催化剂用量对DMT加氢的影响。结果表明,在5 000mL高压反应釜中,最佳工艺条件为:温度140℃、压力4.0 MPa、溶剂异丙醇2 000 mL、DMT 1 300 g、催化剂65g,在该条件下,DMT转化率为99.8%,DMCD选择性为96.3%。保持反应条件不变,催化剂循环使用22次后,DMT转化率为99.0%,DMCD选择性为95.1%。     

微乳法制备的Pt-B/Al_2O_3在对氯硝基苯加氢动力学上的研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正丁醇/环己烷/H2Pt Cl6溶液的微乳液体系制备了非晶态Pt-B/Al_2O_3催化剂,并对催化剂进行了TEM、SAED和XPS表征。以对氯硝基苯(p-CNB)选择加氢反应为探针,考察了微乳液体系中CTAB/正丁醇/环己烷质量比、微乳液体系中水相含量以及制备方法对催化剂加氢性能的影响,并进行了反应动力学研究。催化剂表征及催化加氢性能测试表明:与浸渍法相比,微乳液法制备的催化剂中Pt-B非晶态合金粒子粒径小且分布更加均匀,其p-CNB加氢反应的催化剂活性(以转换频率TOF表示)从0.065 s-1提高到0.166 s-1;当CTAB/正丁醇/环己烷质量比为16∶24∶60,微乳液体系中H2Pt Cl6溶液(w)4%时,单微乳液法制备的催化剂用于p-CNB加氢反应,p-CNB转化率为76.8%,p-CAN选择性为95.9%。动力学研究表明:p-CNB加氢反应近似为一级反应,其表观活化能为29.34 k J/mol。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。