First-mode properties of N-story buildings

First-mode properties of $\text{N-}\text{story}$ buildings determined from a standard computer program possess certain simple relationships which can be displayed graphically by straight lines. Structures investigated include uniform buildings and buildings with reduced first floor stiffness. Some of the results presented are verified analytically from difference equations.     

Finite element simulation based‐on atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation for spruce wood microstructure analysis

Spruce wood (picea abis) has been widely used as structural element, from buildings to musical instruments, due to its outstanding mechanical performances. The main stem transverse section exhibits growth rings formed by periodic fringes patterns, which are constituted by lamellae‐tracheid arrangements. In order to improve the understanding of each wood microstructure role, the morphology and crystallinity of earlywood and latewood fibers were examined mainly using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X‐ray difracction. Moreover, measurements of effective elastic modulus and hardness were obtained by nanoindentation tests using a Berkovich indenter in order to confirmed increase in compactness of the wood microstructures. The results indicate that variations in mechanical properties values can be associated with well defined microstructural performances for each characteristic fiber type, where those that belong to latewood fiber showed the most improved behaviors. A finite element simulation of a lamellar‐tracheids arrangement was carried out in order to clarify its stiffness and elastic deformation capabilities, as relevant factors contributing to the successful adaptation of picea abis colonies to harsh conditions habitats as well as for its construction applications of string instruments.     

组合CCD图像和稀疏激光测距数据的建筑物三维信息提取

对组合高分辨率航空CCD图像和机载稀疏激光扫描测距数据自动提取城市建筑物的三维信息进行了研究。航空CCD图像能清晰地给出建筑物的几何形状和分布,因此采用了自适应的Canny边缘检测算法来提取CCD图像上的全部边缘信息,然后根据双向投影直方图和线段匹配方法来自动而准确地提取建筑物的平面轮廓信息,最后根据CCD提取的轮廓信息从机载激光扫描测距数据中提取建筑物的高度信息,从而实现了每栋建筑物的三维信息提取。通过实际数据的处理和提取,说明了组合CCD图像和机载激光扫描测距数据可以自动重建建筑物的三维信息。     

Application of scanning electron microscopy for pollution particle source determination in residential dust and soil

Many tons of electric furnace flue dust accumulated in an industrial area in Tifton, Georgia. Vehicles transporting the flue dust, classified as K061 hazardous waste because it contained lead and cadmium, initially dumped the material in a warehouse. Once the warehouse was full, the flue dust was dumped in uncovered piles. Run-off from the piles and wind-driven particles had the opportunity to contaminate nearby industries, residential buildings, and neighborhood soils over a period of many years. Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS) was used to compare the morphology and chemical composition of fly ash dust from the suspect pile with samples collected from the surrounding buildings and soil. Adhesive samplers were used to collect dust that had accumulated in buildings surrounding the fly ash dump site. Suspect dust particles were analyzed by SEM-EDS and compared with known dust particles from the fly ash pile. Soil samples were dried, sieved, and the “fines” analyzed by SEM-EDS for comparison with samples from the fly ash pile. Fly ash particles similar in morphology and chemical composition to the fly ash in the suspect pile were identified in most of the buildings sampled surrounding the fly ash dump site and in all of the soil samples analyzed surrounding the dumpsite. This case study illustrates the usefulness of applying morphology and chemistry information acquired by SEM-EDS for pollution particle source determination.     

Monitoring of indoor radon pollution

In this work the relation among building materials, insulation systems, and indoor radon pollution is evaluated. The work is part of a larger monitoring in progress in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy).The area under investigation is San Giovanni in Fiore (CS) located in the Sila upland plain. An annual monitoring is carried out in many buildings of the Sila area, with reference to their different building materials. The relationship between age of buildings and radon concentration is also considered.Nuclear tracks detector has been used (SSNTD, Solid State Nuclear Track Detector). Obtained results underline that the buildings realized with the local granite rock have greater indoor radon concentrations.The local granitic rocks, representative of the geologic area, have been analyzed by gamma spectrometry constituted by Canberra system HPGe fixed detector cooled by liquid nitrogen high radio-emission values of standard radionuclides as ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K.     

抽压式倒膜管液压系统高层建筑二次供水的实现

二次供水是目前高层建筑普遍采用的一种方式,但是其污染、噪音、耗能安全隐患等缺点一直未能被有效克服。本文设计了一种全新的液压管路和液压传动系统,可以极大限度为高层建筑提供不限高度、无需储水箱的洁净而低耗能的供水方式。     

Wind pressure distribution on canopies attached to tall buildings

This paper presents the numerical simulations of wind pressure distributions on canopies attached to tall and medium-rise buildings. The most current wind pressure coefficients in wind load codes do not take into account the large scale canopies attached to tall and medium- rise L-shaped buildings. Wind pressure on canopies attached to buildings depends on the building geometry and its features, the location of canopies, surrounding buildings and terrain, as well as canopy sizes and wind directions. Numerical analysis results were compared and investigated using ANSYS CFX 11 codes. Numerical simulation of wind loading on a canopy attached near the base of a tall or medium-height L-shaped building has shown that the downward pressure on the canopy does not grow in proportion to the increase in the height of building-to-canopy ratio. As a result, the downward pressure acting on a canopy attached to a tall L-shaped building is considerably smaller than that of prismatic models used in other researches and we assume that this is due to the shape of the building itself. The results of numerical simulations of L-shaped models differ considerably from those of previous wind tunnel prismatic shape model tests.     

干栏式建筑的研究与空调能耗分析

通过对西南地区的少数民族居民建筑——干栏式结构建筑展开研究,选取典型干栏式建筑和普通居民建筑,分别实测室内温度进行对比分析,得出干栏式建筑具有节能作用,并从中提取合理的科学因素—吊脚结构,将其应用到现代居住建筑中,以期达到降低居住建筑能耗的目的。采用Design-Builder软件建立新型建筑物仿真模型,并计算其空调使用能耗,经对比得出新型建筑具有节约空调能耗的作用。     

基于能源审计的公共建筑能耗监测系统设计

公共建筑能源审计存在调研任务繁重、调研耗时较长、审计内容繁复易出错以及审计深度不够等问题,主要原因在于现行的建筑能耗监测系统不具备完善的能源审计功能。该文研究并设计了基于能源审计的公共建筑能耗监测系统,根据系统所需功能提出基于ZigBee技术的系统总体架构,实现系统关键硬件设备编码及设计,进行公共建筑能源审计云平台设计,完成系统软件架构、能源审计知识库和信息管理界面的设计。该系统可为能源审计提供充分的信息支持,提升能源审计的智能化。     

An advanced method for determining the wall thickness in buildings

A modified method for measuring thickness of structural elements in buildings using probing signals of variable frequency is considered. To increase the measurement accuracy, the use of an auxiliary coaxial probe, in addition to transmitting-and-receiving antennas, is proposed. A device is developed to test the method. The device, whose the frequency can vary in a range from 1.9 to 6.6 GHz, is experimentally tested on concrete walls.Translated from Defektoskopiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2005, pp. 47–52.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Mikhnev, Lyubetskii, Palto.     

IndasIBMS在某国议会大厦智能楼字中的应用

智能楼宇将会成为未来建筑的主流,智能大厦管理系统IBMS是以当今先进的网络技术、计算机技术、通信技术、控制技术和数据处理技术等多项技术为基础,以现代建筑（建筑群）经营管理模式为手段,以实现安全、稳定、高效和集约式管理为目的的综合集成管理平台。首先介绍了深圳达实智能的IndasIBMS组态软件的功能特点。然后以某国议会大厦为例介绍了In-dasIBMS组态集成控制系统的方法,实际运行效果表明,该系统具有安全、可靠、实用等优点,满足用户实际需求。     

System identification of smart buildings under ambient excitations

This paper proposes a nonlinear autoregressive moving average (NARMA) model for use in system identification (SI) of high performance smart buildings under ambient excitations. The NARMA model is implemented by including the cross terms of output signals to a linear autoregressive moving average (LARMA) time series model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed NARMA approach, a three-story building equipped with smart control devices is investigated under a variety of ambient excitations. To access the robustness of the proposed model, it is tested under various levels of measurement noises. It is demonstrated from the extensive simulations that the proposed NARMA model is effective in predicting the ambient vibration responses of the high performance smart buildings with severe measurement noises.     

A pessimistic view of the energy auditing of building structures with the use of infrared thermography

It has been shown that the estimates obtained for the heat losses in buildings and structures with the use of infrared thermography can be accompanied by 30.0–100.0% error levels, thus dictating the necessity of revising the specified requirements for indoor-to-outdoor temperature drops.     

空调风口选型中一个不容忽视的问题

指出了空气相对湿度高、铝合金蓄热系数大是空调风口形成污迹的主要原因，通过对比实验，找出了解决的方法与措施。     

基于深度学习的起重机安全监测

随着科学技术的不断发展以及计算机计算能力的加强,深度学习在人们社会生活中发挥着越来越重要的作用。而随着城市的发展,土地资源越来越紧张,迫切需要高层和超高层的建筑。在高层和超高层建筑的建造时,起重机发挥着不可替代的作用,如何确保起重机周围环境的安全成了人们密切关注的问题。结合深度学习,对起重机周围环境安全进行监测,保证人员与起重机和建筑与起重机之间的安全,可有效地避免事故的产生。     

地下建筑风冷热泵空调系统优化设计与应用

针对地下建筑风冷热泵空调系统的特点，编制了UBHPAC应用软件，对单建式或附建式多房间地下设施进行了动态模拟，并与静态设计方法进行比较，指出了地下建筑风冷热泵空调系统的仿真与动态设计的优越性。     

桂林市干栏式建筑室内温度与自然通风的研究

国内外对民族特色建筑的研究逐渐增多,其目的在于研究特色建筑的良好适应性。本文通过对桂林地区少数民族干栏式建筑和普通居住建筑进行监测,利用DesignBuilder软件对其建立模型,并进行自然通风和室内温度的仿真,获得建筑物内部的全年温度分布以及自然通风情况。由现场测量和仿真结果得出,少数民族干栏式建筑内部热环境和自然通风情况优于普通居住建筑。国内对于少数民族特色建筑的研究处于起步阶段,本文即可为研究少数民族特色建筑提供借鉴指导又可为研究干栏式建筑节能技术与方法提供据。     

The students of the “systematic deviations from ordinary rectilineal construction” in the Athenian Parthenon

Certain small “systematic deviations from the straight line” were engineered by Athenian architects of the 5th c B.C. with the aim of attaining visual aesthetic excellence for certain sacred buildings on the Acropolis. Here, we describe more-or-less in chronological order, the work of the 18th and 19th c architects such as Stuart and Pennethorne who measured and then attempted to rationalise such deviations. Buildings where aesthetic appeal somewhat based on mathematics precedes fitness for structural function, are rare. This paper is to be read in conjunction with Ref. ^[1].     

基于BIM的智慧楼宇系统设计与应用

随着科技的不断进步,城市信息化建设得到了大力发展,传统建筑逐步迈向智慧楼宇并实现集成管理,建筑信息模型BIM(Building Information Model)为智慧楼宇系统的建设提供了技术和数据支撑,为智慧楼宇集成管理系统设计提供了条件,本文通过BIM与智慧楼宇相结合,详细介绍了系统的组成架构及相关部分功能.该系...