Chromatographic Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Peroxidase from Large Lima Legumes

ABSTRACT:  A novel peroxidase with antifungal activity was isolated from the large lima bean ( Phaseolus limensis ) seeds. The procedure entailed extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on SP-Toyopearl, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. The enzyme was adsorbed on Affi-gel blue gel and SP-Toyopearl, and possessed a molecular weight of 34 kDa in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. There was an almost 110-fold increase in specific activity of the purified peroxidase compared with that of the crude extract. The enzyme exhibited a pI of 8.6 by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, indicating that it is a basic protein. The optimum pH and the optimum temperature were 5.5 and 30 °C, respectively. The enzyme was stable up to 55 °C. It potently suppressed mycelial growth in Fusarium solani, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and Pythium aphanidermatum with an IC₅₀ of 76, 103, and 119 μM, respectively.     

宇佐美曲霉酸性β-甘露聚糖酶的纯化及性质研究

采用硫酸铵分部盐析、Phenyl Sepharose CL-4B疏水层析、Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤层析、DEAE Sepharosefast flow阴离子交换层析等分离技术,从宇佐美曲霉(Aspergillus usamii)YL-01-78菌株固态曲浸出液中分离出1种SDS-PAGE电泳纯和HPLC色谱纯的酸性β-甘露聚糖酶组分,其最终回收率为12.6%,纯化倍数为32.3。经SDS-PAGE和凝胶过滤层析测得该纯化酶的分子质量分别为42 ku和40 ku,表明该酶以单体形式存在;其等电点pI为4.2;含糖量为23.2%。以角豆胶半乳甘露聚糖为底物,测得该酶的Km值和Vmax值分别为6.3 mg/mL和1 667μmol/(min.mg)。     

Purification of Amylase from Honey

The major amylase in honey was concentrated by ultrafiltration, isolated by ultracentrifugation and gel filtration, and purified by ion‐exchange chromatography. The amylase activity was in the flow‐through fraction of the anion‐exchange column, suggesting a high isoelectric point (>7.4) for the enzyme. The enzyme fraction from the anion‐exchange chromatography was loaded onto a cation‐exchange column, and the amylase activity was eluted as a single band at 50 mM NaCl. The purification factor after this step was 531‐fold. The purified enzyme was an a‐amylase, as determined by thin‐layer chromatography, with a molecular weight of 57000 Da according to sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The results supported the concept that amylase in honey had a high degree of similarity with bee amylase.     

PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF INVERTASE FROM DATES (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L., VAR. ZAHDI)

Zahdi dates (Phoenix dactylifera) contain invertase at all development stages; the highest specific activity is present in the late yellow stage. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity, as determined by disc gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, by a combination of techniques including ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration on Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-150 columns. A complex of invertase with a high molecular weight pectic substance of the date could not be dissociated by ammonium sulfate or DEAE-cellulose chromatography but the complex was dissociated by gel filtration on a Sepharose 4B column at pH 4.0 and ionic strength of 0.5 M. The enzyme contained 8.2% carbohydrate covalently linked probably via an amide linkage to aspartic acid. Molecular weight determination by exclusion gel chromatography and sedimentation equilibrium gave values of 130,000 and 97,100 ± 1,300, respectively. The enzyme is probably composed of two identical subunits as shown by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amino acid analyses showed the enzyme to be low in sulfur-containing amino acids. Date invertase is an acid β-fructofuranosidase with a pH optimum between 3–4 and with a K_m and k_cat for sucrose of 6mM and 49 sec^-1, respectively. Activation energies for denaturation of enzyme and conversion of substrate to product were determined to be 48.7 and 17.6 kcal/mole, respectively. Chemical modification indicated that sulfhydryl groups are probably not essential for activity while carboxyl groups may be involved in the active site of the enzyme.     

表面活性剂稳定性碱性蛋白酶纯化及性质研究

从地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)XG12发酵液中分离纯化表面活性剂稳定性碱性蛋白酶,并对酶学性质进行研究。利用硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析和Sephadex G-75分子筛凝胶过滤层析等方法,分离纯化到了均一的酶蛋白,酶纯度提高了42.6倍,回收率为25.3%。SDS-PAGE及Sephadex G-75分子筛凝胶过滤层析显示酶蛋白为单亚基蛋白,分子质量约为29.5kD。在pH7.0～11.0范围内酶活性及稳定性较高,最适作用pH值为10.0,最适作用温度40℃。Mg2+、Ca2+及Mn2+对酶有明显激活作用。丝氨酸蛋白酶特异性抑制剂强烈抑制酶活性,表明所纯化到的蛋白酶为丝氨酸蛋白酶。酶分别对终质量浓度为0.1g/100mL的阴离子表面活性剂SDS、阳离子表面活性剂CTAB和体积分数为1%的非离子型表面活性剂Tween-80、Tween-20、Triton X-100以及氧化剂均具有很强的稳定性。     

酸橙内生菌Bacillus thuringiensis Bt028几丁质酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质

为揭示酸橙内生菌Bacillus thuringiensis Bt028几丁质酶的基本酶学性质,采用离心、硫酸铵盐析、葡聚糖凝胶G-100层析及SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳等方法对菌株Bt028发酵液中的几丁质酶进行分离纯化鉴定,并考察该几丁质酶的最适温度、最适pH、催化动力学参数等性质。结果表明,Bt028菌株发酵液经离心、硫酸铵盐析、葡聚糖凝胶G-100层析分离纯化后获得电泳纯几丁质酶比活力为681.78 U/mg,纯化倍数为3.21,回收率15.52%。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果表明,几丁质酶的分子质量为65 kDa。酶学性质研究结果表明,该酶的最适反应温度为60 ℃,最适反应pH为6.5,在温度低于60 ℃、pH5.5~7.5时有较好的稳定性;Mg2+、Ca2+、Hg2+、Co2+对该酶活力有抑制作用,而Cu2+和Fe3+有一定的促进作用;低浓度的甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇和二甲亚砜使酶的活性增加,但当浓度继续增大,反而会抑制酶的活性;丙酮对几丁质酶有激活作用,而甲醛对几丁质酶有抑制作用。在最适催化条件下,几丁质酶催化反应的米氏常数Km、最大反应速率Vmax、酶的转换数Kcat分别为29.533 mg/mL、108.696 μmoL/(L·min)和0.527/min。研究结果可为该酶的实际应用提供必要的工艺参数。     

Purification and characterization of intracellular proteinase from Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei LLG

The intracellular proteinase of Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei LLG was isolated in the cytoplasmic fraction with 0.05 M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5). The enzyme was purified by the fast protein liquid chromatography system equipped with ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatographies. This proteinase comprised a single monomeric form and had a molecular weight of about 55 kDa and an isoelectric point near pH 4.9. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were determined to be pH 6.5 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme was inactivated by metal-chelating compounds (EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline) and less affected by serine proteinase inhibitors (diisopropylfluorophosphate, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride). Proteinase activity was increased by Ca++, Mn++, and Co++, and inhibited by Cu++, Mg++, and Zn++. The activity of this enzyme to hydrolyze casein appeared to be more active on beta-casein than alphas1-casein and kappa-casein as monitored by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.     

罗汉果蛋白酶的分离纯化和部分性质研究

对罗汉果蛋白酶的分离纯化和部分性质进行研究.利用硫酸铵盐析、离子交换和凝胶过滤柱层析对罗汉果蛋白酶进行了分离纯化,对纯化所得的酶进行了分子量和等电点测定.结果表明,纯化酶为电泳纯,回收率为4.2％,纯化倍数为31.1,凝胶过滤层析和SDS-PAGE电泳测得酶的分子量分别为40.3 ku和39.0 ku,等电聚焦电泳测得其等电点为8.55.     

Bovine pancreatic lipase.I.Isolation, homogeneity, and characterization.

Bovine pancreatic lipase was isolated in pure form by lyophilization of fresh bovine pancreas, extraction of the enzyme with sucrose solution, fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate and acetone, followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The specific activity of the purest lipase fraction was 1750 micromoles fatty acid, liberated in 30 min per milligram of protein, indicating a purification of approximately 473-fold, with an overall yield of about 42%. Homogeneity of the enzyme was confirmed by rechromatography on Sephadex G-100 as well as with the gel electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal techniques. The purified enzyme gave a typical protein ultraviolet absorption spectrum with maximum absorption at 276 nm and minimum at 252 nm. The purified enzyme exhibited a single pH optimum of 8.8 and an isoelectric point near pH 5.5. Its optimum temperature was 37 C, and its optimum substrate concentration was 10%. These properties resembled those of milk lipase.     

海洋胶红酵母菌CD-008产超氧化物歧化酶发酵条件优化及酶分离纯化

在单因素试验基础上,结合Plackett-Burman、Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析以确定海洋胶红酵母菌Rhodotorula sp. CD-008产超氧化物歧化酶最佳发酵条件,并通过盐析、超滤离心、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析研究了酶的分离纯化条件。结果表明,pH、转速、温度对酶活力有显著影响,最优发酵条件为pH 5.34、转速150 r/min、温度21.40 ℃,优化后发酵液酶活力达到6 430.52 U/g湿菌体,比优化前提高了1.53倍。粗酶液经65%饱和度的硫酸铵盐析、超滤离心、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤层析后获得的SOD比酶活达到419.90 U/mg,纯化倍数为9.60倍,蛋白回收率为8.2%。SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳显示,纯化后的SOD的分子质量约为37.5 ku。     

PURIFICATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN EXTRA CELLULAR AMYLASE FROM A STRAIN OF BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS ISOLATED FROM DRY ONION POWDER

An extracellular α-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, isolated from dry onion powder, has been purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, adsorption on starch, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 column. The enzyme consisted of one polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 60,000. The isoelectric point was pH 5.2, the pH optimum 5.5 and the temperature optimum ranging from 50°-70°C. Prolonged digestion by trypsin did not affect the catalytic properties of the enzyme. The K_m for starch was 6.9 mg/ml. The enzyme was quite stable at 50°C, but lost about 85% of its activity at 60° after 30 min (pH 6.0).     

根霉ZM-10脂肪酶的分离纯化和活性部位的化学修饰

根霉ZM-10脂肪酶经过硫酸铵盐析、DEAE-Sepharose FF阴离子交换层析、SephardexG100凝胶过滤层析得到电泳纯脂肪酶,分子量约为42 ku,纯化倍数15.3倍,酶活回收率22.2%。采用NBS、EDC、DEPC、CH-T、PMSF、DTNB等6种化学修饰剂对根霉ZM-10脂肪酶进行化学修饰和底物保护实验,研究了其分子中氨基酸侧链基团与酶活性中心的关系。实验结果表明,酸性氨基酸(天冬氨酸?谷氨酸)残基、组氨酸残基、丝氨酸残基、色氨酸残基为根霉ZM-10脂肪酶活性的必需基团。酶分子中酸性氨基酸(天冬氨酸?谷氨酸)残基、组氨酸残基和丝氨酸残基位于根霉ZM-10脂肪酶的活性中心部位,而色氨酸残基在保持脂肪酶活性中起到重要作用,但其不位于根霉ZM-10脂肪酶的活性中心部位。     

On the lipoperoxidase-isomerase-system from oat. Experiments for enzyme separation (author's transl)

It was attempted to separate isomerase and lipoperoxidase activity from oat by means of gel and ion exchange chromatography and by isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight of the enzyme fraction tested was found to be of the order of 3 X 10(6) daltons. By ion exchange chromatography and isoelectric focusing the enzyme fraction with lipoperoxidase and isomerase activity could be separated into isoenzymes. These isoenzymes continued to exhibit both enzymatic activities. The lack of success in achieving of separation and the high molecular weight lead to the conclusion of the asistence of a close interrelation between the two enzymes or possibly of a bifunctional enzyme complex.     

长双歧杆菌α-半乳糖苷酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

对长双歧杆菌KLDS2.0509所分泌的α-半乳糖苷酶进行分离纯化,并对其酶学性质进行研究。经过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,此酶的分子质量约为45 kD;酶学性质研究表明,该酶最适作用pH值为5.0,最适温度42 ℃;大多数金属离子对酶的活性无显著影响,Fe2+、Mn2+、Ag+和Cu2+能够对其产生抑制作用,而Hg2+完全抑制酶活性;该酶可降解蜜二糖、棉子糖和水苏糖,但不能降解末端含α-半乳糖苷键的多糖。     

罗非鱼骨骼肌中胶原蛋白分解酶的提取纯化及活性

新鲜罗非鱼肉匀浆离心后经硫酸铵分级沉淀、SephadexG-100凝胶柱层析、DEAESephadexA-50阴离子交换后,得到经SDS-PAGE证实的纯品.650g罗非鱼骨骼肌可制备总活力14835U,比活力526.4U/mg的胶原蛋白分解酶,纯化倍数为111.53倍.     

A heat-stable trypsin from the hepatopancreas of the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis): Purification and characterisation

Thermostable trypsin from the hepatopancreas of Sepia officinalis was purified by fractionation with ammonium sulphate, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose an ion-exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and Q-Sepharose anion-exchange chromatography, with a 26.7-fold increase in specific activity and 21.8% recovery. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 24,000 Da by SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography. The purified enzyme showed esterase specific activity on Nα -benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) and amidase activity on Nα -benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA). The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme activity were pH 8.0 and 70 °C, respectively, using BAPNA as a substrate. The enzyme was extremely stable in the pH range 6.0–10.0 and highly stable up to 50 °C after 1 h of incubation. The purified enzyme was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) and phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF), a serine-protease inhibitor. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the first 12 amino acids of the purified trypsin was IVGGKESSPYNQ. S. officinalis trypsin, which showed high homology with trypsins from marine vertebrates and invertebrates, had a charged Lys residue at position 5 and a Ser residue at position 7, where Tyr and Cys are common in all marine vertebrates and mammalian trypsins. Further, the enzyme had an Asn at position 11, not found in any other trypsins.     

Purification and characterization of a beta-galactosidase from Fusarium oxysporum var. lini

Beta-D-Galactosidase was purified from a cellular extract of Fusarium oxysporum var. lini by heat shock and successive chromatography on DEAE-cellulose DE-52 and Sephadex G-100. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on SDS gel electrophoresis. It was inhibited by divalent cations such as Zn++, Mg++, and Ca++. The Michaelis constant and maximum velocity values for o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galacto-pyranoside were 6.76 mM and 816.7 mumol X mg protein-1 X min-1. The isoelectric point was 3.83, and the optimal pH and temperature were 5.0 and 55 degrees C. The estimated molecular weight of the enzyme was 224,000 by gel filtration and 36,300 by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme was considered a hexamer. o-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-galacto-pyranoside hydrolysis was activated by lactose, suggesting an allosteric nature of the enzyme.     

蚕豆蛋白酶解物分离纯化及降胆固醇活性

采用凝胶过滤色谱对经过大孔吸附树脂纯化的蚕豆蛋白酶解物进行分离纯化,以期得到高降胆固醇活性的酶解物组分。结果表明:单因素试验得到蚕豆蛋白酶解物凝胶过滤色谱最佳分离纯化工艺条件为Sep G-10、G-25葡聚糖凝胶为柱填充材料,10 mg/m L的酶解液上样量4 m L,洗脱剂为去离子水,洗脱流速1 m L/min。凝胶过滤色谱分离纯化后得到F1~F6 6个蚕豆蛋白酶解物组分;与10 mg/m L考来烯胺散阳性对照比较,F3、F6组分对3种胆酸盐(胆酸钠、甘氨胆钠酸、牛磺胆酸钠)抑制率均高于阳性对照,其中F6组分的相对抑制率最高,分别为(274.98±0.19)%、(140.22±0.20)%、(130.99±0.22)%。     

坎皮纳斯类芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶的纯化以及酶学性质

采用硫酸铵盐析、Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析对坎皮纳斯类芽孢杆菌（Paenibacillus campinasensis）xy-7发酵液进行分离纯化,获得纯化的木聚糖酶,纯化倍数为26.36,酶活回收率为5.13%。十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）结果为单一条带,分子质量为24.5 ku。酶学性质研究结果表明,该酶的最适反应温度为60 ℃,最适pH值为8.0。K+、Fe2+对酶有激活作用,Zn2+、Cu2+对酶有强烈的抑制作用。以榉木木聚糖为底物时,米氏常数Km=4.733 mg/mL,最大酶反应速率Vm=315.85 μmol/（min·mg）。     

鳙鱼肉酶解物清除羟自由基的研究

采用优化酶法从鳙鱼肉蛋白中制备具有清除Fenton体系产生的羟自由基(·OH)活性的抗氧化肽.应用响应面分析法以酶解液对Fenton体系产生的羟自由基(·OH)的清除率为指标优化最佳酶解工艺;酶解液相对分子质量分布采用凝胶层析法测定.复合蛋白酶是水解鳙鱼肉制备具有清除羟自由基活性酶解物的适合酶,最佳酶解条件为:温度40℃、酶解时间30 min、PH=7.0、酶加量为600 U/g底物、底物:水=1:2;活性肤相对分子质量范围为519～1088.响应面分析法是优化酶解工艺可行的方法;具有清除羟自由基活性的肽是一些寡肽.