Fe部分取代Co对La_(0.7)Zr_(0.1)Mg_(0.2)Ni_(2.75)Co_(0.75-x)Fe_x(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)合金储氢性能的影响

在氩气保护下,采用磁悬浮感应熔炼方法制备La0.7Zr0.1Mg0.2Ni2.75Co0.75-x Fex(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)合金,并研究Fe取代Co对La0.7Zr0.1Mg0.2Ni2.75Co0.75-x Fex(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)合金储氢性能及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:合金主要由LaNi5和La2Ni7相组成,随着Fe含量的增加,LaNi5和La2Ni7相的晶胞体积逐渐增大,且合金中依次出现ZrFe2相(x≥0.05)和La7Ni3相(x≥0.1)。适量的Fe取代Co,不仅能提高La0.7Zr0.1-Mg0.2Ni2.75Co0.75-x Fex(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)合金的储氢容量,降低合金的放氢平台压,改善合金氢化物的稳定性,而且能延长合金电极的循环寿命,提高合金电极的高倍率放电性能。     

添加Co对AB3.5型储氢合金结构及性能影响的理论与实验研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用总能量平面波赝势方法,设计了La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCox(x=0、0.25、0.5、0.75)系列合金,并研究了其晶体及电子结构.计算结果显示随着Co含量的增加,La原子上的电荷转移先增大后保持不变,在Co含量为0.5时达到最大;费米能级处的态密度值先增加后稍减小,Co含量在0.5时达到最大.利用悬浮感应熔炼法制备了该系列合金La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xCox(x=0、0.3、0.5、0.7).对熔炼所得合金进行了结构和性能表征,XRD结果显示,随着Co含量的增加,合金的主相均为Ce2Ni7型AB3.5相;电化学测试显示,x=0.5时,合金的放电容量和循环性能均较好,为398.5 mAh/g,容量保持率S250为62%;PCT结果表明,在室温条件下合金的吸氢平台在0.04~0.09 MPa之间,当x=0.5时,吸氢平台压最低,为0.04 MPa,同时吸氢量最大,为1.587wt%.综合分析计算和实验的结果,AB3.5合金性能随Co添加量的变化趋势符合第一性原理计算的预测.     

N型La0.9NixCo4-xSb12化合物的制备及热电性能研究

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)方法制备了N型La0.9NixCo4-xSb12(x=0.05-1.0)化合物热电材料.借助于先进的结构和性能表征手段,系统研究了Ni含量对化合物热电性能的影响规律.实验结果表明,随着Ni含量增加,La0.9NixCo4-xSb12化合物的电阻率和Seebeck系数减小.当Ni含量x＜0.6时,化合物的热导率随Ni含量增大而降低,说明加入一定量的Ni能很好地降低材料的热导率.N型La0.9Ni0.4Co3.6Sb12化合物在温度773K时具有最大的热电性能优值(ZT)0.4558.     

La-Mg-Ni系A5B19超晶格负极材料相结构及电化学性能EI北大核心CSCD

感应熔炼制备La0.8-xCexMg0.2 Ni 3.8(x=0,0.1,0.3,0.5),研究Ce替代部分La对La4MgNi19超晶格负极材料相结构及电化学性能的影响。研究表明,La4MgNi19合金相由LaNi5,(La,Mg)2Ni7,(La,Mg)5Ni19(3R-Ce5Co19)相组成。加入Ce后,(La,Mg)2Ni7相消失,出现2H-Pr 5Co 19结构的(La,Mg)5Ni19相,同时随着Ce替代量的增多,(La,Mg)5Ni19相含量增多,LaNi5相随之减少,Ce加入有利于形成A5B19相,特别是形成2H-Pr5Co19结构。电化学放电容量随着x值的增加呈现先增后减趋势,x=0.1时样品的电化学放电容量380.36 mAh/g最佳。合金电极活化次数、容量保持率和倍率放电性能随着Ce含量增加而增大。H在合金中的扩散速率是影响其倍率放电性能主要因素。     

稀土系A_2B_7型La_(1-x)Sc_xNi_(2.6)Co_(0.3)Mn_(0.5)Al_(0.1)(x=0～0.5)储氢合金相结构和电化学性能研究

真空电弧熔炼制备了A2B7型La1-xScxNi2.6Co0.3Mn0.5Al0.1(x=0~0.5)储氢合金并进行退火热处理。XRD及SEM/EDS分析结果表明,合金退火组织由La2Ni7、La Ni5、La Ni和Sc Ni2等相组成。合金生成焓计算表明,Sc-Ni体系的生成焓比La-Ni和Mg-Ni体系的生成焓更负,这是含Sc合金易于形成Sc Ni2相以及成相规律有别于含Mg合金的主要原因之一。合金电极最大放电容量和循环寿命S100随着Sc含量x增加均呈先增大后减小规律,当x=0.2时,合金电极具有最大的放电容量(267.1 m Ah/g)和较好的容量保持率S100(80.47%)。掺入适量Sc元素后可抑制A2B7型合金的氢致非晶化,但掺入Sc后合金易形成难吸氢的Sc Ni2相,这是合金电极容量不高的主要原因。     

La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.65Co0.75-xMn0.1Six储氢电极合金的结构和电化学性能

系统研究了Si部分替代Co对La0.7Mg0.3Ni2.65Co0.75Mn0.1储氢电极合金结构和电化学性能的影响。XRD结果显示,随着Si替代量的增加,合金中(La,Mg)Ni3相的丰度逐渐降低,而LaNi5相的丰度逐渐增加,且含Si合金中出现了La2Ni7相。电化学测试表明,Si部分替代Co降低了合金的放电容量,但显著提高了其循环稳定性,改善了其高倍率放电性能。其中Si替代量x=0.15时合金的综合性能较好,合金最大放电容量323mAh/g,75次循环后的容量保持率约为71.9%,1250mA/g电流放电时的HRD可达55%。     

固体氧化物燃料电池LaxSr2-3x/2Fe1.5Ni0.1Mo0.4O6-δ阳极性能研究

本研究利用固相反应法合成了一系列镧取代LaxSr2-3x/2Fe1.5Ni0.1Mo0.4O6-δ(LaxSFNM,x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)钙钛矿陶瓷材料,并研究其作为固体氧化物燃料电池阳极的电化学性能。X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明合成的粉末具有立方钙钛矿结构。在高温下利用氢气还原LaxSFNM样品,发现其晶粒表面析出纳米尺度的Fe-Ni合金颗粒,并且偏析纳米颗粒的密度随着La^3+掺杂量的增加而显著降低。在对称电池阻抗测试中,随着La^3+掺杂量的增加,阳极极化阻抗逐渐降低,掺入量为0.3时阻抗达到最小值。La0.3SFNM对称电池在750℃下极化阻抗仅为0.16W·cm^2,进一步增加掺杂量时,La0.4SFNM对称电池极化阻抗增加至0.17W·cm^2。La0.3SFNM材料良好的电极反应催化活性源于适当分布的Fe-Ni合金纳米偏析颗粒与LaxSFNM陶瓷基体的共同作用。利用流延法制备一系列以LaxSFNM为阳极、SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O6为阴极、LSGM为电解质的单电池,使用氢气作为燃料时,La^3+掺杂量x=0.3的单电池表现出最高的功率密度,在750、650和550℃时峰值功率密度可达1.26、0.90和0.52W·cm^-2。上述结果表明,La0.3Sr1.55Fe1.5Ni0.1Mo0.4O6-δ可以用作高性能SOFC阳极催化剂。     

Mo对A2B7型La-Mg-Ni贮氢电极合金相结构及电化学性能的影响

采用X射线衍射技术(XRD)、电池程控测试仪和电化学工作站等技术手段,研究了少量Mo替换Ni对La0.75-Mg0.25Ni3.5-xMox(x=0~0.5,原子分数/%,下同)贮氢电极合金相结构及电化学性能的影响。结果表明:La0.75Mg0.25-Ni3.5-xMox合金具有多相结构,主相由Gd2Ni7型结构的La2Ni7和CaCu5型结构的LaNi5构成,合金活化性能良好,经过4次充放电过程基本都能达到活化状态。当Mo的加入量达到0.3%时,合金中出现MoNi4,且La2Ni7和LaNi5的点阵参数随之增大;合金的高倍率放电(HRD)性能显著提高,HRDI=900mA/g由82.58%(x=0)增加到86.72%(x=0.5);循环稳定性能(S100)也得到较大改善,呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,x=0.3时循环稳定性能最好,S100达到76.61%,但合金的最大放电比容量(Cmax)逐渐降低。     

固体氧化物燃料电池La_xSr_(2-3x/2)Fe_(1.5)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(0.4)O_(6-δ)阳极性能研究（英文）

本研究利用固相反应法合成了一系列镧取代La_xSr_(2-3x/2)Fe_(1.5)Ni_(0.1)Mo_(0.4)O_(6-δ)(La_xSFNM,x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)钙钛矿陶瓷材料,并研究其作为固体氧化物燃料电池阳极的电化学性能。X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明合成的粉末具有立方钙钛矿结构。在高温下利用氢气还原LaxSFNM样品,发现其晶粒表面析出纳米尺度的Fe-Ni合金颗粒,并且偏析纳米颗粒的密度随着La~(3+)掺杂量的增加而显著降低。在对称电池阻抗测试中,随着La~(3+)掺杂量的增加,阳极极化阻抗逐渐降低,掺入量为0.3时阻抗达到最小值。La_(0.3)SFNM对称电池在750℃下极化阻抗仅为0.16W·cm~2,进一步增加掺杂量时,La0.4SFNM对称电池极化阻抗增加至0.17W·cm~2。La_(0.3)SFNM材料良好的电极反应催化活性源于适当分布的Fe-Ni合金纳米偏析颗粒与LaxSFNM陶瓷基体的共同作用。利用流延法制备一系列以LaxSFNM为阳极、SmBa0.5Sr0.5Co2O6为阴极、LSGM为电解质的单电池,使用氢气作为燃料时,La~(3+)掺杂量x=0.3的单电池表现出最高的功率密度,在750、650和550℃时峰值功率密度可达1.26、0.90和0.52W·cm~(–2)。上述结果表明,La_(0.3)Sr1.55Fe1.5Ni0.1Mo0.4O6-δ可以用作高性能SOFC阳极催化剂。     

退火对La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Cox（x=0，0.6）合金结构与电化学性能影响

为了改善La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5Cox(x=0,0.6)合金电极的循环稳定性,对铸态合金在0.3MPa压力氩气保护下进行不同温度退火(1123、1223和1323K),保温时间均为10h.研究了退火温度对合金电化学性能的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,铸态及1123K温度退火后合金主要由LaNi5、(La,Mg)2Ni7相及少量LaNi2相组成;退火温度为1223和1323K时,合金中LaNi2相消失,合金主要由LaNi5、(La,Mg)Ni3及(La,Mg)2Ni7相组成.电化学试验结果表明,随着退火温度增加,x=0及x=0.6的合金最大放电容量分别从铸态的343.7、319.2增加到1323K时的390.4、357.5mAh/g;同时退火改善合金的循环稳定性,100次充放电循环后,随着退火温度升高,x=0、0.6时合金的容量保持率(S100)分别从铸态的55.17%、58.22%增加到1323K时的76.66%、67.58%.     

La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的储氢性能研究

针对两种新型稀土型储氢合金La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2的储氢特性进行研究分析。实验表明,相同温度下,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Mn0.1Al0.1和La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的PCT曲线基本重合,且都具有优良的吸氢动力学性能;相比之下,后者的滞后系数要小于前者,吸氢量较大,吸氢速率也较快,故其储氢性能较优。300次吸放氢循环实验结果表明,La0.5Y0.5Ni4.8Al0.2合金的吸氢动力学性能虽然略有下降,但抗粉化性能较好。     

Dy0.6Tb0.3Pr0.1(Fe0.95Mn0.05)x取向晶体的结构与磁致伸缩

采用Ｃｚｏｃｈｒａｌｓｋｉ方法生长了Ｄｙ０．６Ｔｂ０．３Ｐｒ０．１（Ｆｅ０．９５Ｍｎ０．０５）ｘ（１．８５≤ｘ≤１．９５）取向合金。所有合金主相为立方Ｌａｖｅｓ相结构,择优取向不完整择优取向的方向与Ｘ的大小有关。研究了沿着这些样品的生长方向的磁致伸缩性能以及磁致伸缩性能与压力之间的关系。     

Thermal Stability of Amorphous Hydride Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45)

The thermal stability of amorphous ternary hydrides Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) and their corre-sponding amorphous binary alloys Mg_(50)Ni_(50) and Mg_(30)Ni_(70) were studied with X-ray diffraction(XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). Samples of the amorphous alloys were preparedby mechanical alloying and the amorphous hydrides were obtained by charging the alloys with gas-eous hydrogen at 3.0 MPa and 423 K. It was found that the amorphous hydrides released most oftheir hydrogen before the crystallization of the essentially hydrogen depleted amorphous alloy. Thecrystallization temperature of amorphous Mg_(50)Ni_(50)H_(54) elevated and that of amorphousMg_(30)Ni_(70)H_(45) did not change in relation to the original binary amorphous alloy. This is very excep-tional for amorphous hydrides. The reason for the effects of hydrogen absorption/desorption on thecrystallization of amorphous alloys was discussed.     

Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu15Co2.5合金的玻璃转变温度

根据Ｚｒ６５Ａｌ７。５Ｎｉ１０Ｃｕ１５Ｃｏ２。５合金的纳米晶，晶体，液体和玻璃比热的测量结果，研究了合金的玻璃转变温度与全金的热力学函数，动力学参数以及加热速度的关系。结果表明，非晶态合金玻璃转变所需转变激活能很小，玻璃转变温度实际上是由于加热速度引起的不同状态的玻璃与液体的热力学平衡温度。     

Acousto-optic interaction in alpha-BaB(2)O(4)and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals

Experimental studies and analysis of acousto-optic diffraction in alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals are given. Ultrasonic wave velocity, elastic compliance and stiffness coefficients, and piezo-optic and photoelastic coefficients of alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals are determined. The acousto-optic figure of merit has been estimated for different possible geometries of acousto-optic interaction. It is shown that the acousto-optic figures of merit for alpha-BaB(2)O(4) crystals reach the value M(2)=(270 +/- 70) x 10(-15) s(3)/kg for the case of interaction with the slowest ultrasonic wave. The directions of propagation and polarization of those acoustic waves are obtained on the basis of construction of acoustic slowness surfaces. The acousto-optic diffraction is experimentally studied for alpha-BaB(2)O(4) and Li(2)B(4)O(7) crystals.     

Natural Passivity of Amorphous Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 Alloys

The natural passive films forrned on Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 and Fe_(54.6)Ni_(38)Si_(4.1)B_(2.3)V_1 amorphous alloys long-term exposed in air have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron (including Ar+ ion depth profiling) spectroscopy (AES). The following aspects have been investigated: (1) chemical states of the elements in the films. binding energies and the chemical shifts measured by XPSf (2) structure and composition of the films fand (3) thickness of the passive films determined by AES depth profiling and XPS analysis.     

Nanomechanical characterization of one-step combustion-synthesized Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires

Two kinds of aluminum borate nanowires, Al(4)B(2)O(9) and Al(18)B(4)O(33), were successfully synthesized by a one-step combustion method through control of the Al:B atomic ratio and synthesis temperature. Both nanowires are single crystalline but have distinguishing growth habits. Nanoindentation tests were performed directly on individual nanowires to reveal their mechanical properties. A 70% reduction in elastic modulus was found in Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires compared with their bulk counterpart. Al(18)B(4)O(33) nanowires exhibited higher hardness and elastic modulus than Al(4)B(2)O(9) nanowires.     

Plasma surface treatments of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)

The surfaces of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were modified by oxygen and nitrogen plasma treatments. The physical and chemical surface characteristics were evaluated by contact angle tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The plasma treatments caused an increase in both contact angle and roughening, altered the surface morphology, inserted polar groups, and, consequently, enhanced the hydrophilicity for both PLLA and PHBV polymers.     

Work Functions of Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5)and Cu_(70)Ti_(30)Glassy Alloys

The work functions before and aftercrystallization of two glassy alloys,Pd_(83.5)Si_(16.5) andCu_(70)Ti_(30) have been measured by means of the con-tact potential difference method in the secondaryelectron field at room temperature under 10~(-5) Pavacuum.The results show that the work functionsof both glassy alloys are higher than those of thecorresponding crystalline alloys.