基于英汉机译实现跨语言信息检索

随着日益增长的大量信息成为可利用的、用户面对查询一个多语种文本集合的情形，变得越来越普遍。这就产生一个非常重要的问题一以一种语言描述的用户查询与以不同语言书写的文本之间的匹配问题，也就是一种如何跨越语言界限的问题，即跨语言信息检索(Cross-Language Information Retrievat，CLIR)。针对该项任务建立了一个面向英汉的跨语言信息检索系统，并以此为基础提交了相关的几组运行结果。同时，结合所构建的汉语IR系统，实现完整的英一汉CLIR过程。     

A Method for Supporting Document Selection in Cross-language Information Retrieval and its Evaluation

It is important to give useful clues for selecting desiredcontent from a number of retrieval results obtained (usually) from avague search request. Compared with monolingual retrieval, such asupport framework is inevitable and much more significant for filteringgiven translingual retrieval results. This paper describes an attempt toprovide appropriate translation of major keywords in each document in across-language information retrieval (CLIR) result, as a browsingsupport for users. Our idea of determining appropriate translation ofmajor keywords is based on word co-occurrence distribution in thetranslation target language, considering the actual situation of WWWcontent where it is difficult to obtain aligned parallel (multilingual)corpora. The proposed method provides higher quality of keywordtranslation to yield a more effective support in identifying the targetdocuments in the retrieval result. We report the advantage of thisbrowsing support technique through evaluation experiments includingcomparison with conditions of referring to a translated documentsummary, and discuss related issues to be examined towards moreeffective cross-language information extraction.     

面向跨语言信息检索的蒙汉语义词典构建初探

以跨语言信息检索需求为背景,介绍了目前语义词典及应用的概况,根据蒙古文互联网发展的现状,从应用需求出发,提出构建面向跨语言信息检索的蒙汉双语语义词典的重要性,并利用构建领域本体的方法给出蒙汉双语计算机术语语义词典的初步设计方法。     

Vocal Access to a Newspaper Archive: Assessing the Limitations of Current Voice Information Access Technology

This paper presents the design and the current prototype implementation of an interactive vocal Information Retrieval system that can be used to access articles of a large newspaper archive using a telephone. The implementation of the system highlights the limitations of current voice information retrieval technology, in particular of speech recognition and synthesis. We present our evaluation of these limitations and address the feasibility of intelligent interactive vocal information access systems.     

基于角色的访问控制框架设计及其应用

首先介绍了访问控制相关技术研究的现状，并通过一个基于角色的访问控制框架来解决在NISTRBAC模型中未明确说明的权限的粒度问题，然后探讨了该框架在一个真实系统中的应用，并在该真实系统中对NISTRBAC模型中未明确说明或者部分说明的三个问题（权限的粒度、角色的激活、角色的回收）做出了说明。     

Japanese/English Cross-Language Information Retrieval: Exploration of Query Translation and Transliteration

Cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), where queriesand documents are in different languages, has of late become one ofthe major topics within the information retrieval community. Thispaper proposes a Japanese/English CLIR system, where we combine aquery translation and retrieval modules. We currently target theretrieval of technical documents, and therefore the performance of oursystem is highly dependent on the quality of the translation oftechnical terms. However, the technical term translation is stillproblematic in that technical terms are often compound words, and thusnew terms are progressively created by combining existing basewords. In addition, Japanese often represents loanwords based on itsspecial phonogram. Consequently, existing dictionaries find itdifficult to achieve sufficient coverage. To counter the firstproblem, we produce a Japanese/English dictionary for base words, andtranslate compound words on a word-by-word basis. We also use aprobabilistic method to resolve translation ambiguity. For the secondproblem, we use a transliteration method, which corresponds wordsunlisted in the base word dictionary to their phonetic equivalents inthe target language. We evaluate our system using a test collectionfor CLIR, and show that both the compound word translation andtransliteration methods improve the system performance.     

Information retrieval and hypertext: competing technologies or complementary access methods

Abstract. Information retrieval typically involves accessing textual information from a database in response to a user's vague information need. Hypertext or hypermedia, on the other hand, involves a user browsing through a database of textual or multimedia information in response to a variety of types of information need. Thus information retrieval can be said to have a searching metaphor while hypertext has a browsing analogy. Initially, these two technologies for information access appear to be very different, almost competitive in nature. In this paper information retrieval systems are briefly reviewed and hypertext systems are also examined. These two techniques for accessing information have been integrated into a prototype system which is described. The system dynamically generates guided tours in response to a user's query and the tour guides the user through the hypertext. Some experiments reporting on the effectiveness of this as an information access strategy are given.     

基于访问控制的涉密信息管理安全解决方案

将涉密信息放入共享的数据库中保存必须解决其安全问题,访问控制是一种基本方法。文中首先分析了自主访问控制、强制访问控制、基于角色的访问控制这三种经典的访问控制模型,然后分析了涉密信息本身的特点及其操作管理的需求,并考虑了数据库应用程序中的主体、客体等因素,最后提出并设计了一个综合利用这些策略管理涉密信息的实现方案。该方案设计了几个数据库表,分别保存实现这三种访问控制模型所需的信息和各种类型的涉密信息,给出了这些信息之间的相互关系,划分了程序模块及其实现方案。该方案符合理论要求,切实可行。     

基于语义选择与信息特征的英语机器翻译系统

本文基于语义选择与信息特征设计了英语自动化机器翻译系统.通过语义信息特征制定了机器翻译流程,以GIZA++为载体进行翻译,利用伯克利对准器对齐词语,基于反向转换语法,详细阐述汉语语言模式与英语翻译语言模式的结构关联特性,以语句动静配置,实现自动化机器翻译.最后通过系统测试,结果表明,与传统机器翻译系统相比,准确率显著提...     

访问控制技术在涉密信息系统中的综合应用

本文以网络分层的体系结构为切入点,逐一分析了网络体系结构各层中的访问控制技术在控制非法接入和访问涉密信息系统过程中的工作方式和作用,从而在整体上提出了保障涉密信息系统信息安全的有效的访问控制手段。     

访问控制框架及其在Linux中的应用研究

简要介绍了ISO通用访问控制框架,比较详细地阐述和分析了当前几种主要的访问控制框架理论及其在Linux中的实现,对这几种访问控制框架的相同点和不同点进行了比较,最后指出了这些访问控制框架存在的一些问题及今后的发展趋势.     

A System for Building Intelligent Agents that Learn to Retrieve and Extract Information

We present a system for rapidly and easily building instructable and self-adaptive software agents that retrieve and extract information. Our Wisconsin Adaptive Web Assistant (WAWA) constructs intelligent agents by accepting user preferences in the form of instructions. These user-provided instructions are compiled into neural networks that are responsible for the adaptive capabilities of an intelligent agent. The agent’s neural networks are modified via user-provided and system-constructed training examples. Users can create training examples by rating Web pages (or documents), but more importantly WAWA’s agents uses techniques from reinforcement learning to internally create their own examples. Users can also provide additional instruction throughout the life of an agent. Our experimental evaluations on a ‘home-page finder’ agent and a ‘seminar-announcement extractor’ agent illustrate the value of using instructable and adaptive agents for retrieving and extracting information.     

通用访问控制框架扩展研究

通用访问控制框架（generalized framework for access control,GFAC)是经典的多安全政策支持结构,但是在实际实施多个安全政策模块之后暴露了它潜在的效率缺陷。通过引入访问决策缓冲器得到扩展的通用访问控制框架,并且在RS－Linux安全操作系统中完成实现,性能测算结果表明,扩展后的通用访问控制框架可以有效地弥补效率缺陷。     

User Modeling for Adaptive News Access

We present a framework for adaptive news access, based on machine learning techniques specifically designed for this task. First, we focus on the system's general functionality and system architecture. We then describe the interface and design of two deployed news agents that are part of the described architecture. While the first agent provides personalized news through a web-based interface, the second system is geared towards wireless information devices such as PDAs (personal digital assistants) and cell phones. Based on implicit and explicit user feedback, our agents use a machine learning algorithm to induce individual user models. Motivated by general shortcomings of other user modeling systems for Information Retrieval applications, as well as the specific requirements of news classification, we propose the induction of hybrid user models that consist of separate models for short-term and long-term interests. Furthermore, we illustrate how the described algorithm can be used to address an important issue that has thus far received little attention in the Information Retrieval community: a user's information need changes as a direct result of interaction with information. We empirically evaluate the system's performance based on data collected from regular system users. The goal of the evaluation is not only to understand the performance contributions of the algorithm's individual components, but also to assess the overall utility of the proposed user modeling techniques from a user perspective. Our results provide empirical evidence for the utility of the hybrid user model, and suggest that effective personalization can be achieved without requiring any extra effort from the user.     

Virtually Documented Environments: A New Interface Paradigm for Task-oriented Access to Information

We present a suitable virtually documented environment system providing the user with high level interaction possibilities. The system is dedicated to applications where the operator needs to have his hands free in order to access information, carry out measurements and/or operate on a device (e.g. maintenance, instruction). The system merges video images acquired through a head-mounted video camera with synthetic data (multimedia documents including CAD models and text) and presents these merged images to the operator. Registration techniques allow the operator to visualise information properly correlated to the real world: this is an essential aspect in order to achieve a feeling of presence in a real environment. We increase the sense of immersion through high level Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) allowing hands-free access to information through vocal commands as well as multimodal interaction associating speech and gesture. In this way, the user can access information and manipulate it in a very natural manner. We discuss the construction of the documentation system and the requested functionalities which led to the system architecture.     

Perspective: A Standards-Based System for Manufacturing Information Integration

This paper presents an infrastructure and a prototype system for a manufacturing information system, which is distributed its nature and is able to store, index, manage, retrieve and present business data, inventory data, and manufacturing processes data. The system works with all kinds of information, such as continuous (i.e., stream oriented) data, production (e.g., decision support) data, legacy data, and multimedia data (say, drawings, pictures, audio signals, voice annotations, and video streams). A key criterion is support for content-based information retrieval across all application areas. The main objective is to provide support for automated information transactions. The prototype of our architecture uses JAVA, STEP (ISO 10303) standard, the Internet, and CORBA. A fully functional system, called Perspective, for retrieval of part and manufacturing process has been designed and implemented in a distributed environment. Among other capabilities, the system can retrieve a set of parts or manufacturing processes based on similarity to some desired criteria.     

Salomon: Automatic Abstracting of Legal Cases for Effective Access to Court Decisions

The SALOMON project is a contribution to the automatic processing of legal texts. Its aim is to automatically summarise Belgian criminal cases in order to improve access to the large number of existing and future cases. Therefore, techniques are developed for identifying and extracting relevant information from the cases. A broader application of these techniques could considerably simplify the work of the legal profession.A double methodology was used when developing SALOMON: the cases are processed by employing additional knowledge to interpret structural patterns and features on the one hand and by way of occurrence statistics of index terms on the other. As a result, SALOMON performs an initial categorisation and structuring of the cases and subsequently extracts the most relevant text units of the alleged offences and of the opinion of the court. The SALOMON techniques do not themselves solve any legal questions, but they do guide the user effectively towards relevant texts.     

联邦式脆弱性信息系统访问控制模型研究

深入分析脆弱性信息系统研究现状，指出现有脆弱性信息系统访问控制机制的不足之处。在分析联邦式系统特点的基础上，提出一种适用于联邦式脆弱性信息系统的访问控制模型，并介绍其实现技术要点。     

Maximum Entropy Modeling: A Suitable Framework to Learn Context-Dependent Lexicon Models for Statistical Machine Translation

Current statistical machine translation systems are mainly based on statistical word lexicons. However, these models are usually context-independent, therefore, the disambiguation of the translation of a source word must be carried out using other probabilistic distributions (distortion distributions and statistical language models). One efficient way to add contextual information to the statistical lexicons is based on maximum entropy modeling. In that framework, the context is introduced through feature functions that allow us to automatically learn context-dependent lexicon models.In a first approach, maximum entropy modeling is carried out after a process of learning standard statistical models (alignment and lexicon). In a second approach, the maximum entropy modeling is integrated in the expectation-maximization process of learning standard statistical models.Experimental results were obtained for two well-known tasks, the French–English Canadian Parliament Hansards task and the German–English Verbmobil task. These results proved that the use of maximum entropy models in both approaches, can help to improve the performance of the statistical translation systems.This work has been partially supported by the European Union under grant IST-2001-32091 and by the Spanish CICYT under project TIC-2003-08681-C02-02. The experiments on the Verbmobil task were done when the first author was a visiting scientist at RWTH Aachen-Germany.Editors: Dan Roth and Pascale Fung     

Integrated Video and Text for Content-based Access to Video Databases

This paper introduces a new approach to realize video databases. The approach consists of a VideoText data model based on free text annotations associated with logical video segments and a corresponding query language. Traditional database techniques are inadequate for exploiting queries on unstructured data such as video, supporting temporal queries, and ranking query results according to their relevance to the query. In this paper, we propose to use information retrieval techniques to provide such features and to extend the query language to accommodate interval queries that are particularly suited to video data. Algorithms are provided to show how user queries are evaluated. Finally, a generic and modular video database architecture which is based on VideoText data model is described.