微乳胶的工业应用

综述了微乳胶在提高采油率、液－液萃取、生物化学反应、电化学与催化、相转移催化等方面的应用。     

D相乳化法制备油墨清洗剂

本文主要介绍了用D相乳化法制备一种特效油墨清洗剂,并对清洗剂性能进行了探讨,这种清洗剂主要成分由烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、环保油溶剂、十二烷基苯磺酸钠以及水等组成。清洗剂为中性,主要用于清洗印刷操作工手上所沾油墨。这种清洗剂对人体皮肤无伤害,去油墨效果非常显著,且无毒无污染,价格低廉,制作简单,使用方便。     

亲和乳胶微球的研究及应用

介绍了亲和乳胶微球及微球的设计要求和原理,综述了国内外相关内容的研究进展,着重对微球的制备研究进行了说明。同时对亲和乳胶微球在生化识别分离、DNA免疫诊断、药物载体等生物医药领域的应用作了介绍,并指出该领域的研究重点和发展前景。     

D相乳化法制备D4乳液的研究

广西有色金属及材料加工新技术教育部重点实验室的孙鹏飞等人跟踪观察了D相法乳化过程中电导率与乳液状态的变化,考察了助乳化剂丙三醇、乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（DBS）及辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）、水用量等对乳液性能与乳化过程的影响。结果表明,当丙三醇、     

农药微乳液相行为及微乳结构的研究

首先绘制了LAS/TX—10/正丁醇/仲丁威/水体系的拟三元相图,讨论了m(LAS)/m(LAS+TX—10)及m(正丁醇)/m(LAS+TX—10)对相区的影响。发现m(LAS)/m(LAS+TX—10)越高,液晶区越大;比例越低,乳液区越大。m(正丁醇)/m(LAS+TX—10)越低,液晶区越大;比例越高,液晶区越小。通过电导率的测定研究了微乳结构及结构转变。当m(正丁醇)/m(LAS+TX—10)=1,m(LAS)/m(TX—10)=1/9或6/4时,微乳液转变经历了由W/O到双连续最后到O/W型;m(LAS)/m(TX—10)=9时,微乳液转变经历了由W/O到双连续、液晶最后到O/W型。     

纳米SiOx对微发泡乳胶材料热延伸性能影响的初步研究

经过对纳米SiOx粒子进行表面改性分散处理后，将其以不同的比例添加到微发泡天然乳胶材料的配方中，按常规方法硫化后，制成微发泡片材样品。参照相应测试标准测试了各组试样的热延伸性能，并对结果进行了对比分析。得出以下结论：纳米SiOx经充分分散后能有效地提高微发泡天然乳胶材料的热延伸性能。     

纳米SiOx对微发泡天然乳胶材料力学性能影响的研究

通过用复合分散剂对纳米SiOx进行表面改性处理后，将不同份数的纳米SiOx均匀分散于微发泡天然乳胶配方材料中，经硫化后，对其力学性能所受到的影响做了相应的研究。得出如下的结论：当纳米SiOx用量为1．5－2．0份时，能有效地提高微发泡天然乳胶材料的力学性能。     

D4开环乳液聚合制备聚硅氧烷微乳液的研究

采用动态光散射法研究了八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)阴离子开环乳液聚合，制得了稳定且接近于透明的聚二甲基硅氧烷阳离子型微乳液。研究发现，聚合过程体系中的粒子分别出现单峰、双峰和三峰分布；由于体系中乳化剂浓度远大于常规的乳液聚合，导致单体液滴消失时仍存在胶束，聚合过程中没有出现明显的恒速期。     

白庙地区沉积微相类型研究

通过对白庙地区近年来的新钻井岩芯资料、录井资料、测井资料及白14、白20井二口井的垂向层序及沉积微相剖面图的研究,总结出白庙地区扇三角洲平原亚相、扇三角洲前缘亚相、前扇三角洲亚相及沉积微相的特征且进行详细描述。     

微水固相法对皂荚多糖的阳离子化改性工艺研究

以皂荚种子胚乳片为原料,以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为醚化剂,采用微水固相工艺制备了阳离子皂荚多糖,通过单因素试验考察了氢氧化钠质量分数、醚化剂质量分数、反应温度及反应时间对产物黏度和取代度的影响,确定了最优反应条件为皂荚种子胚乳片500 g、250 mL 40% NaOH溶液、500 mL 60%的3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵溶液、反应温度60℃和反应时间4 h。该条件下制备的阳离子皂荚多糖含水不溶物为2.81%、黏度为1 196.2 mPa·s（1%的水溶液,25℃）、阳离子取代度为0.151。红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱的表征结果均证明皂荚多糖实现了季铵型阳离子化反应,阳离子皂荚多糖的表观黏度测试结果显示其符合皂荚多糖的假塑性流体特征。     

水性氯丁胶乳的改性方法及其应用

对水性氯丁胶乳的制备以及进行改性的方法进行了介绍和分析,并探讨了水性氯丁胶乳在水性胶黏剂领域中的应用。     

含胶乳污水处理方法的研究

介绍了羧基丁苯胶乳生产过程中的废水情况和污水处理方法,对污水进行实验研究,提出了含胶乳污水处理的新方法。通过实验研究,确定处理胶乳污水的最佳方案为：n（CaCl2）：n（CaO）为2：1,PAM加量为1．0mg／L。经过混凝处理后水质pH=9,COD：330mg／L,BOD：78mg／L,石油类：3．50mg／L,SS：72mg／L,氯离子：785mg／L,达到GB8978—96污水排放三级标准要求,也符合进污水处理场要求。     

Study of chitosan and its derivatives as preservatives for field natural rubber latex

In this study, the chitosan and its derivatives were tested for their preservative activities for field natural rubber (NR) latex. A series of chitosans with different molecular weights were obtained by nitrous acid depolymerization. The chemically modified chitosans, N‐carboxymethyl chitosan (NCMCh), N‐sulfated chitosan (NSCh), and N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (NHTACh), were prepared from high and low‐molecular weight chitosans. Preservative activities for field NR latex of these chitosans were investigated based on the measurement of volatile fatty acids (VFA) number of the treated latex. The preservative activities of chitosan increased with decreasing molecular weights. The low‐ molecular weight NSCh and NHTACh exhibited good preservative activity for the latex. By the use of low‐molecular weight NHTACh in combination with octylphenol poly (ethyleneglycolether) (Nonidet P40), the latex was successfully preserved for more than 1 month in the low‐ammonia condition. The results showed an attractive feature to develop the preservative system, which was possible to reduce the concentrations of ammonia and carcinogenic nitrosamine in the NR latex. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

附聚法聚丁二烯胶乳的合成研究

对用于聚丁二烯胶乳合成的附聚胶乳的合成及附聚工艺进行了深入研究，考察了不同单体配比、不同种类电解质及用量、不同反应时间、反应温度及附聚工艺对聚丁二烯胶乳粒径的影响，确定了附聚胶乳的合成工艺及附聚工艺。     

高分子附聚法制备超大粒径聚丁二烯胶乳

以自制丙烯酸胶乳为高分子附聚剂,以粒径300nm聚丁二烯胶乳(PBL-0700)为起始胶乳,采用高分子附聚法制备了500～600nm超大粒径聚丁二烯胶乳(目标胶乳),考察了附聚剂加入量、放置时间、后稳定剂的加入、附聚温度等因素对目标胶乳粒径的影响,确定了高分子附聚法超大粒径聚丁二烯胶乳制备工艺。     

化学接枝法制备腻子型吸水膨胀橡胶研究

吸水膨胀橡胶是一种新型的功能高分子材料,过去多用机械共混的方法制备,但是这种方法存在着反复使用性能差的缺点,针对这个问题,本实验采用过硫酸铵/硫代硫酸钠氧化还原引发体系,有效地使丙烯酸钠单体与天然胶乳接枝共聚,制备出吸水倍率相当高的腻子型吸水膨胀天然橡胶。实验结果表明:反应温度、引发剂用量对吸水倍率和接枝率有明显的影响,单体用量对吸水倍率影响较大;反复吸水能力基本保持不变。     

天然橡胶胶乳热稳定性测定方法

论述了几种天然橡胶胶乳热稳定性测定方法的特点及其在应用上存在的问题,指出了进一步研究胶乳热稳定性测定方法的必要性     

Desorption of the surfactant from the particle surface during latex film formation

Properties of latex films are very dependent on the distribution of the surfactants in the film. It has been recognized that distribution itself depends on the desorption characteristics of the surfactant from the particle-water interface during film formation. This article deals with this problem of surfactant desorption in the particular situation of latex film formation. First, FTIR spectroscopic evidence is presented for desorption of hexadecyl pyridinium chloride (HPCI) in poly(2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate) (P2EHMA) latex films. Some consequences of desorption or non-desorption of various surfactants on the structure and properties of P2EHMA latex films are then presented. This concerns the crystallization of cationic surfactants, HPCI and hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (HTAB), in the films and the mechanical properties of films containing ethoxylated nonyl phenol with 10 ethoxy segments (NP10) or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). In the last part, the determination of the fraction of SDS desorbing from the particle–water interface in a model poly(styrene–butyl acrylate–methacrylic acid) latex coalescing in water is described. Other methods for studying desorption are proposed.     

Research progress on the preparation and application of monodisperse cationic polymer latex particles

This review is focused on the features, preparation and applications of uniform cationic polymer latex particles, as well as on the formation mechanism of uniform latex particles. Substantial progress in the size and shape control of polymer latex particles has been made using several methods such as dispersion polymerization, conventional emulsion polymerization, surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization and seeded emulsion polymerization. Uniform cationic polymer latex particles have wide applications such as drug carriers, diagnostics, templates and additives. However, two major problems are the inhomogeneous size and low surface charge density, which limit further functionalization and the application of cationic polymer latex particles. Finally, the future trends and perspectives are described. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

对制备稳定的微乳液体系过程的分析与探讨

在利用微乳液技术制备复合导电粒子的过程中,微乳液的稳定性是关键。所以在制备稳定的微乳液体系过程中应注意几点问题：首先要明确微乳液是热力学的稳定体系,是一个自发过程,不需要额外补充能量;其次是正确地选择乳化剂和助表面活性剂;再者要掌握正确地制备方法。判断是否是稳定的微乳液体系就要看该乳液在静置的情况下不分层、透明或半透明的液体。本文主要讨论W／O型的微乳液体系。