Numerical simulation and process optimization for producing large-sized castings

3-D velocity and temperature fields of mold filling and solidification processes of large-sized castings were calculated, and the efficiency and accuracy of numerical calculation were studied. The mold filling and solidification processes of large-sized stainless steel, iron and aluminum alloy castings were simulated by using of new scheme; their casting processes were optimized, and then applied to produce castings.     

Application of 3-D numerical simulation software SRIFCAST to produce ductile iron castings

1. IntroductionSince the 1960's, there have been 3 progressive periodsfor modeling and simulation of the technological processof castings. In 1988, 3-D temperature fields were calculatedsuccessfully during the solidification process of steelcastings in many countries [1-4]. In 1995, 3-D velocityfields calculations of metal flow in mold filling were alsoachieved by advanced researchers [5-8]. From 1990 untilnow, the new task has been to model and simulate themicrostructure and morphology of cr…     

铸件充型凝固过程数值模拟研究

概述了铸件充型及凝固过程数值模拟研究的最新进展。采用并行计算技术，对压铸充型模拟过程数值计算方法进行了改进。提出了用动态膨胀收缩累积法来预测球墨铸铁缩孔缺陷，在球铁件上进行了缩孔形成的模拟和工艺改进。采用的有限差分与有限元相结合的方法模拟铸件应力场。实现了有限差分温度载荷到有限元模型的自动转换与传递，并采用有限元法计算出铸件应力场。     

Iterative reverse deformation optimization design of castings based on numerical simulation of solidification thermal stress

In the casting process, in order to compensate for the solidification shrinkage to obtain higher dimensional accuracy of the casting, it is often necessary to modify the original design of castings, and a suitable compensation method has a decisive impact on the dimensional accuracy of the actual casting. In this study, based on solidification simulation, a design method of reverse deformation is proposed, and two compensation methods, empirical compensation and direct reverse deformation, are implemented. The simulation results show that the empirical compensation method has problems such as difficulty in determining the parameters and satisfaction of both the overall and local accuracy at the same time; while based on the simulation results for each node of the casting, the direct reverse deformation design achieves the design with shape. In addition, the casting model can be optimized through iterative revisions, so that higher dimensional accuracy can be continuously obtained in the subsequent design process. Therefore, the direct reverse deformation design is more accurate and reasonable compared to empirical compensation method.

     

Development of thermal simulation system for heavy section ductile iron solidification

A new reliable thermal simulation system for studying solidification of heavy section ductile iron has been developed using computer feedback control and artificial intelligent methods. Results of idle test indicate that the temperature in the system responses exactly to the inputted control data and the temperature control error is less than ± 0.5 %. It is convenient to simulate solidification of heavy section ductile iron using this new system. Results of thermal simulation experiments show that the differences in nodularity and number of graphite nodule per unit area in the thermal simulation specimen and the actual heavy section block is less than 5 % and 10 %, respectively.     

Effect of solidification times on crack opening displacement of aluminum alloy castings

The effects of mold temperature, solidification time, and metallurgical structure on both the crack-tip opening displacement (COD) at maximum load and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of Al-10.6Si, 0.9Mg, 0.9Cu alloy have been investigated. Seven alloy melt samples poured into a copper mold, which was pre-heated at different temperatures, were allowed to solidify at different cooling rates. Even though it was found that the COD values increase and the UTS decreases as the mold temperature and solidification time increase, these parameters could be related to microstructural differences such as silicon crystals size in an α-aluminum matrix.     

Numerical simulation of temperature fields for weld metal solidification cracking in stainless steels

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Air gap formation during solidification in cylindrical castings of pure aluminium and eutectic Al-Si

Casting of aluminium and eutectic Al-Si in a cylindrical mould has been performed. The air gap formed between the inner mould wall and the solidified shell was measured throughout the solidification process. Simultaneously the temperature distribution in the metal and the mould was measured. Calculations of the shrinkage of the metal were performed. The shrinkage due to thermal contraction was found to be too small to fit the measurements. A new model for the solidification process and the air gap formation was used, where the effect of the formation and condensation of lattice defects was considered. The condensation of lattice defects was used to explain the shrinkage and the air gap found experimentally.     

焊接凝固裂纹三维数值模拟与预测系统的前处理设计

设计了三维焊接凝固裂纹的数值模拟与预测软件系统,使普通的焊接技术人员可以简便地实现焊接凝固裂纹的数值模拟与预测.系统由三部分组成:前处理,后处理和凝固裂纹预测部分.其中系统的前处理可以帮助用户选择接头类型,对接头进行网格剖分,输入材料性能参数、焊接工艺条件以及力学边界条件等,并自动以MSC.Marc命令流的形式存储成MSC.Marc的过程文件.依据生成的过程文件,自行连接MSC.Marc有限元软件,对焊接凝固裂纹的温度场和应力、应变场进行数值模拟计算,并存储模拟结果,为后处理做准备.     

钢基表面热喷镍冷却过程中热力耦合场的三维有限元分析

以某钢基表面热喷镍工艺为例,对凝固冷却过程进行了简化和合理假设,基于ANSYS平台,建立了热力耦合场的三维有限元模型并进行了求解,获得了应力场和温度场分布规律,分析了涂层上某些关键点的温度和应力随时间变化的情况,讨论了涂层厚度对涂层/基体界面应力的影响.结果表明,凝固冷却时,涂层温度场沿中心向外边缘逐渐降低,随时间延长呈下降趋势;基体温度场随时间的变化呈先增加后降低趋势;涂层主要承受残余压应力,随涂层厚度增加,残余应力呈增大趋势.     

TA11钛合金叶片预锻过程三维热力耦合数值模拟

运用大型工程软件UG作为几何建模工具,设计并创建了预锻模具。针对不同的预成形毛坯,分析其形状、尺寸对成形效果的影响;讨论了成形过程中的充不满问题,为获得合格的叶片精锻件提供了合理的毛坯形状。采用有限元分析模拟软件Deform对叶片预锻成形工艺过程进行了热力耦合数值模拟研究。研究表明:随着摩擦系数的增大,材料流动性越差,塑性变形抗力加大,且摩擦热增加,温度的最高值升高,所以选用较小的摩擦系数0.1时更合理。通过将模拟结果和实际应用结果进行对比分析,得出模拟过程与实际生产过程相一致,从而说明模拟结果具有一定的合理性和实用性。     

行波磁场耦合顺序凝固改善ZL205A大型薄壁件缺陷及性能

利用行波磁场耦合顺序凝固连续地处理大型薄壁ZL205A合金铸件,消除收缩缺陷,提高力学性能.实验结合模拟,针对行波磁场参数优化对补缩行为、显微组织和性能的影响进行系统的研究.结果表明,本研究条件下,当励磁电流为20 A、频率为200 Hz时,磁场力达到最大值;磁场力随着到磁场发生器距离越近而越大,更有利于对薄壁铸件进行...     

铸造合金湍流和层流充型与凝固三维数值模拟软件及基在精密铸件上的应用

建立了铸件充型过程中金属液流体湍流和层流流动及凝固冷却时三维速度场和温度场数值模拟的计算方程;介绍了这些方程的数值求解,相关边界条件及凝固潜热处理方法;以此为基础,编制了三维计算、前处理、后处理程序及相关数据库,形成了SRIFCAST软件。本软件已成功地应用于铸造生产,制定了各种铸件尤其是精密铸件的铸造工艺,获得了优质铸件。     

TA11钛合金叶片制坯过程三维热力耦合数值模拟

以UG为软件平台,采用三维特征设计方法实现叶片的快速建模,并采用有限元分析模拟软件DEFORM对叶片制坯成形工艺过程进行了热力耦合数值模拟研究.研究表明:在叶片成形过程中塑性变形功和摩擦功所带来的升温效应和坯料与模具之间的热传递所引起的冷却效应对温度场、等效应力场以及载荷-时间曲线的影响较大;以及不同压下速度对叶片制坯成形的影响也比较明显;通过模拟结果对比分析,进一步验证了TA11钛合金叶片制坯模拟过程分析的合理性和实用性.     

Simulation on deposition and solidification processes of 7075 Al alloy droplets in 3D printing technology

In order to study the successive deposition and solidification processes of uniform alloy droplets during the drop-on-demand three dimensional (3D) printing method, based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method, a 3D numerical model was employed. In this model, the 7075 alloy with larger temperature range for phase change was used. The simulation results show that the successive deposition and solidification processes of uniform 7075 alloy droplets can be well characterized by this model. Simulated droplets shapes agree well with SEM images under the same condition. The effects of deposition and solidification of droplets result in vertical and L-shaped ridges on the surface of droplets, and tips of dendrites appear near the overlap of droplets due to rapid solidification.     

Application of fused visual and thermal images in monitoring and evaluation of welding processes

This article presents the application results of different methods of merging images recorded using vision cameras and thermal imaging cameras. The images were recorded during the evaluation of a welding process. The object of observation was the welding arc and the welded joint during its cooling phase. Images recorded during GMA welding on two different welding stations have been taken into account. The observations have been conducted using cameras equipped with different optics systems. This article presents an analysis of the influence of different parameters of the optics systems on the resulting fused images. The analysis also considers the pre-processing method to ensure correct matching of images. The study shows that the fused image contains aggregated information useful in online monitoring and quality evaluation of the welding process.     

高铬铸铁件凝固过程中热应力场的实验研究

对高铬铸铁应力框热应力进行了测试，得到了定量的、动态的应力变化曲线，并对照它们的凝固条件进行了分析。通过分析高铬铸铁件在凝固过程中应力的产生特点，得出了高铬铸铁件裂纹的产生是热应力和相变应力共同作用的结果，该研究为高铬铸铁件热应力场的数值模拟打下了实验基础。     

Al-Cu合金水平单向凝固组织预测及实验观察

使用有限元耦合元胞自动机模型预测水平单向凝固实验中 Al-4.5%Cu(质量分数)合金试样的温度场和微观凝固组织。晶体形核和枝晶生长动力学模型分别采用Rappaz连续形核模型和Kurz-Giovanola-Trivedi(KGT)模型简化形式，基于纯扩散条件，采用 KGT 模型简化公式计算生长参数。结果显示：数值模拟可以较准确地预测柱状晶向等轴晶转变(CET)位置和等轴晶晶粒尺寸，但因模拟未考虑晶核的运动，激冷等轴晶区的模拟有较大偏差。模拟和实验结果都证明过热度显著影响Al-Cu合金的凝固组织，过热度低于20℃条件下可以获得全等轴晶组织，否则会出现柱状晶；过热度50℃以上的试样CET位置几乎不发生变化。     

液态金属Ag6Cu4凝固过程中非晶转变的分子动力学模拟

用 quantum Sutton-Chen 多体势对液态金属Ag6Cu4凝固过程进行了分子动力学模拟研究. 在冷却速率为2×1012～2×1014 K/s范围内, Ag6Cu4总是形成非晶态结构, 在非晶态合金的形成和稳定性中起关键作用的是原子的二十面体结构. 采用键对及原子多面体类型指数法对凝固过程中微观结构组态变化的分析, 有助于对液态金属的凝固过程、非晶态结构特征的深入理解.