Rammed lining in ladles for casting quality steel

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics - Trials have shown that steelmaking ladles can be lined with good effect with a ramming compound. The contamination of the steel with nonmetallic inclusions...     

Mullite-corundum ramming compound for the pits of steel casting and donkey ladles

Conclusions A composition consisting of mullite corundum ramming compound MMK-72 was developed for making the bottoms of steel casting and intermediate (donkey) ladles of the converter shop of the Azovstal' factory; it was prepared from high-alumina chamotte and kaolin with a bond of orthophosphoric acid. Using the standard TU 14-297-17-78, the production of the compound is being organized at the Zaporozhe factory. The MMK-72 compound is being introduced in the converter shop of the Azovstal' factory.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 12–13, February, 1981.     

Selecting stable mortars for lining intermediate ladles of continuous steel casting plants

Conclusions The prolonged casting of killed carbon steel requires the use of high-alumina mortar VT-1, slaked with water; prolonged casting of rimmed and corrosive (manganese type) steels requires high-alumina mortar VT-1 slaked with orthophosphoric acid; the assembly of composite elongated nozzles in combination with batcher inserts for casting two or more heats of ordinary rimmed steels 08KP requires corundum type mortars (V-6).Translated from Ogneupory, No. 6, pp. 20–25, June, 1970.     

Developing ramming compounds for monolithic linings in steel ladles

Conclusions It is possible to use natural loamy sands with a refractoriness about 1650°C and containing 2.5–4.5% Al₂O₃, and also mixtures of quartz sands and 15% fireclay for rammed linings of steel ladles applied with sand slinger. The relationship between the wear of these linings in service and the compounds concentrations of alkali metal oxides was determined in the research.A composition was developed for a compound based on pure quartz material (Ovruch quartzites) with an addition of 15% fireclay. Production of the compounds has started at the Krasnogorov Refractories Plant. The use of the new compounds has increased the life of 100-ton ladles at the Dzerzhinskii Factory from 12 to 18–20 pourings.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 1, pp. 6–10, January, 1979.     

刚玉-尖晶石质精炼钢包衬砖的蚀损机制

对砌筑在150 t精炼钢包的浇注成型和机压成型两种免烧刚玉-尖晶石衬砖的用后残砖进行了显微结构分析,探讨了其蚀损机制.结果表明:浇注成型衬砖的反应渗透层较厚,且CaO含量随着渗透深度的增大而逐渐减小,随着渣渗透、侵蚀的持续进行,热面处逐渐形成的致密层在经受热震后可能会产生结构剥落;机压成型的衬砖反应渗透层较薄,抗渣渗透性能和抗侵蚀性能较好,反应渗透层与原砖层间出现裂纹可能导致的结构剥落是其主要的损毁机制.     

High-alumina refractories for lining steel ladles (discussion)

Conclusions We developed and evaluated, in industrial conditions, a technology for the production of unfired, mullite-corundum refractories, and also fired, mullite-siliceous refractories with additons of chrome ore for lining steel ladles.The life of the 150-tonne steel ladles, with steel processing outside the furnace, when the ladles were lined with the experimental unfired mullite-corundum refractories, equals the life of the ladles lined with similar, industrial fired bricks. The same resistance (on average 20 pourings) was possessed by the ladles lined with the experimental mullite brick of improved quality. The resistance of the ladles lined with the experimental, fired mullitesiliceous refractory with the chrome additive was 26–27 pourings.To explain the effectiveness of using the newly developed refractories in the linings of steelcasting ladles, it is necessary to continue testing them in different metallurgical enterprises.The first part of the discussion was published in No. 8, 1988, and it was continued in Nos. 9–12, 1988, and Nos. 1–3 and 5, 1989.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 4–8, July, 1989.     

A mullite compound for combined lining of steel teeming ladles

Conclusions For ramming of the walls in combined lining of the 350-ton steel teeming ladles of Azov Steel Combine a composition and method of preparation of a mullite ramming compound applicable to the existing production conditions of Velikoanadol Refractory Combine has been developed.The use of the mullite compound produced by Velikoanadol Combine provided an average life of the ladle combined lining of 20 pourings with a maximum of 37 pourings.To reduce the cost of production the possibility was established of partial replacement in the composition of Kazakh Refractory Plant Electrocorundum by Zaporozhe Abrasive Plant slurry wastes of normal electrocorundum.DISCUSSION: Problems of the Production and Use of Refractories for Lining Steel Teeming Ladles [for the start of the discussion see No. 8, 1988 and for the continuation Nos. 9–12, 1988 and Nos. 1–2, 1989].Translated from Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 1–4, March, 1989.