PVC/环氧树脂F51共混物性能的研究(二)

以554/504为固化剂,研究了不同固化时间下,F51用量对PVC/F51共混物的微观形貌、力学性能和维卡软化温度的影响。结果表明:①少量的F51在PVC基体中分散比较均匀,F51用量较多时会出现团聚现象;②少量的F51有利于提高PVC/F51共混物的力学性能和维卡软化温度,用量以2～6份为宜;③随着固化时间的延长,PVC/F51共混物的力学性能和维卡软化温度均提高;④固化剂554可进一步提高PVC/F51共混物的拉伸强度和弯曲强度,但会降低缺口冲击强度和维卡软化温度。     

PVC/环氧树脂E51共混物性能的研究

以504及554/504分别作为固化剂,采用锥形双螺杆挤出机实现了PVC与环氧树脂的熔融共混,制备了PVC/环氧树脂E51共混物。固化剂用量为环氧树脂E51用量的80%时,研究了环氧树脂E51用量、固化剂组成及固化时间对PVC/环氧树脂E51共混物力学性能及维卡软化温度的影响。结果表明:以504及554/504为固化剂,少量环氧树脂E51(4份以内)加入PVC后,有助于提高共混物的拉伸强度、弯曲强度;当环氧树脂E51为2份、固化时间为8h时,共混物维卡软化温度达到最大值100.2℃,比纯PVC高出16.5℃。     

PVC／环氧树脂E51合金性能的研究

采用模压法制备了PVC/环氧树脂E51合金,研究了环氧树脂E51用量对合金力学性能及维卡软化温度的影响.结果表明:当环氧树脂E51用量为1～5份时,随着环氧树脂E51用量的增加,试样的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、维卡软化温度先增加后减小.当环氧树脂E51用量为3份时,试样的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度、维卡软化温度出现最大值;当环氧树脂E51用量为4份时,试样的断裂伸长率出现最大值;当环氧树脂E51用量为5份时,试样的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度、维卡软化温度虽有所降低,但仍比原始PVC试样(指未添加环氧树脂E51的试样)高,而试样的断裂伸长率则骤降,比原始PVC试样还低.在试验条件下,环氧树脂E51的最佳用量为3份.试样冲击断面SEM照片的分析结果与缺口冲击强度的测试结果相符.     

PVC/CPVC复合材料的力学和耐热性能研究

研究了PVC/CPVC共混体系的力学和耐热性能,考察了CPVC、冲击改性剂、填料MCA对共混材料性能的影响。结果表明：①在PVC/CPVC共混体系中,随着CPVC含量的增加,材料的刚性和耐热性提高,韧性下降;②冲击改性剂CPE和MBS的加入将导致共混材料的韧性提高,耐热性下降;③与加入CPE相比,加入MBS对体系维卡软化温度的降低影响较小;④填料MCA对共混材料的韧性影响不明显,同时可以提高共混体系的耐热性。     

凹凸棒土对PVC/ABS复合材料性能的影响

主要研究了经表面处理和未经表面处理的凹凸棒土对PVC/ABS复合材料力学性能及维卡软化温度的影响,用SEM观察了PVC/ABS复合材料的冲击断面微观形貌和凹凸棒土的分散情况。结果表明:经偶联剂改性后的凹凸棒土对复合材料力学性能的影响要好于未改性的凹凸棒土;未经处理的凹凸棒土对复合材料维卡软化温度有较大的提高。     

制备工艺对PVC/ABS合金力学性能和维卡软化温度的影响

通过正交试验研究了制备工艺（开炼温度、开炼时间、平板硫化机压力和冷却温度）对PVC／ABS合金力学性能和维卡软化温度的影响。结果表明：影响PVC／ABS合金力学性能和维卡软化温度的主要因素是冷却温度。PVC／ABS合金的最佳制备工艺为：开炼温度180℃、开炼时间7min、平板硫化机压力15MPa、冷却温度100℃。     

固化温度对环氧树脂固化物性能的影响

制备了以叔胺为末端基的超支化聚酯为主要成分的潜伏型环氧树脂固化剂,用于双酚A型环氧树脂的固化.通过差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究不同固化温度下的固化情况,确定了合理的固化工艺.研究了不同固化温度条件下环氧树脂固化物的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击强度、动态力学性能和样品断面的形貌.结果表明,低温固化的材料具有更好的综合性能.80℃固化物具有最优异的各项性能,含超支化结构的固化剂具有一定的潜伏性,同时显著提高了环氧树脂固化物的韧性.     

软质PVC环/氧树脂共混物性能的研究

考察了PVC/环氧树脂(E51)共混物(未固化与固化)的力学性能和加工性能,采用电子扫描显微镜观察了粒子在基体中的分散情况。结果表明:①在试验条件下,E51质量分数为5%(以PVC/E51质量为100%计,下同)时,试样的力学性能较好。②当E51质量分数为10%时,共混物的最大转矩最低;当E51质量分数为13%时,共混物的平衡转矩最低。③经过固化的试样的力学性能优于未固化的试样。④E51的加入能够改善试样的相容性与粒子的分散效果。     

改性水滑石/PVC复合材料的合成及性能表征

通过接枝共聚工艺,对纳米水滑石进行表面处理,生成无机核、有机壳的核-壳结构,研究了经表面处理和未经表面处理的水滑石对PVC复合材料力学性能、耐热性能、阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,经表面处理后的水滑石对复合材料力学性能的影响要好于未改性的水滑石;未经处理的水滑石对复合材料维卡软化温度有较大的提高;加入水滑石后,复合材料阻燃性能得到较大提高。     

玻璃微珠填充PVC复合材料结构与性能的研究

研究了经表面处理的玻璃微珠填充PVC的力学性能和热性能.结果表明,经过适当表面处理的玻璃微珠可以通过熔融共混均匀分散在PVC中,粒子与基体界面结合良好.随着玻璃微珠用量的增加,填充体系的弯曲强度、拉伸强度、维卡软化点增加,冲击强度减小.     

蒙脱土改性环氧树脂及其复合材料性能研究

以蒙脱土(MMT)作为EP(环氧树脂)的改性剂制备EP/MMT纳米复合材料。考察了MMT含量对EP/MMT体系的凝胶时间、黏度和力学性能等影响。结果表明:MMT的加入明显缩短了EP体系的凝胶时间,并显著缩短了EP体系达到高黏度的时间;当w(MMT)=4%时,EP/MMT纳米复合材料的力学性能相对最好,其浇铸体的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度分别为85 MPa、140 MPa和35 kJ/m2,其复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为160 MPa和200 MPa。     

液体橡胶／环氧树脂复合材料的制备与性能研究

用端异氰酸酯基聚丁二烯液体橡胶与环氧树脂制得端异氰酸酯基聚丁二烯液体橡胶与环氧树脂反应物（ETPB）。在ETPB中加入纳米Al2O3,并选择适宜的固化剂固化,制得ETPB／Al2O3复合材料。测试了ETPB和ETPB／Al2O3复合材料于石英砂-水介质中的冲蚀磨损性能,并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对材料磨损表面进行了观察。结果表明,ETPB和ETPB／Al2O3复合材料在不同线速度下,随着线速度的增加冲蚀磨损率也随着增加。     

Influence of pyrolysis and melt infiltration temperatures on the mechanical properties of SiCf/SiC composites

In order to improve the degree of matrix densification of SiC_f/SiC composites based on liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process, the microstructure and mechanical properties of composites according to various pyrolysis temperatures and melt infiltration temperatures were investigated.Comparing the microstructures of SiC_f/C carbon preform by a one-step pyrolysis process at 600 °C and two-step pyrolysis process at 600 and 1600 °C, the width of the crack and microcrack formation between the fibers and matrix in the fiber bundle increased during the two-step pyrolysis process. For each pyrolysis process, the density, porosity, and flexural strength of the SiC_f/SiC composites manufactured by the LSI process at 1450–1550 °C were measured to evaluate the degree of matrix densification and mechanical properties. As a result, the SiC_f/SiC composite that was fabricated by the two-step pyrolysis process and LSI process showed an 18% increase in density, 16%p decrease in porosity, and 150% increase in flexural strength on average compared to the composite fabricated by the one-step pyrolysis process.In addition, among the SiC_f/SiC specimens fabricated by the LSI process after the same two-step pyrolysis process, the specimen that underwent the LSI process at 1500 °C showed 30% higher flexural strength on average than those at 1450 or 1550 °C. Furthermore, under the same pyrolysis temperature, the mechanical strength of SiC_f/SiC specimens in which the LSI process was performed at 1500 °C was higher than that of the 1550 °C although both porosity and density were almost similar. This is because the mechanical properties of the Tyranno-S grade SiC fibers degraded rapidly with increasing LSI process temperature.     

改性空心玻璃微珠/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能研究

采用偶联剂对玻璃微珠表面进行改性处理,借助超声波振动,使改性空心玻璃微珠在环氧树脂中均匀、稳定分散,增强了玻璃微珠与环氧树脂之间的相容并探讨了改性空心玻璃微珠对环氧树脂力学性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料中改性空心玻璃微珠添加质量分数为3%时,其拉伸强度达到最大值68.54 MPa,与空白样相比提高了20.3%;冲击强度达到最大值24.42 kJ/m2,比纯环氧树脂提高了166%;KIC(断裂韧性)达到最大值2.338 MPa/m2,是空白试样的2.27倍,增韧效果较为明显。     

环氧树脂/玻璃布/BN导热复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用高温模压成型法制备环氧树脂(EP)/玻璃布/氮化硼(BN)导热复合材料。探讨了BN用量和偶联剂处理对复合材料力学性能、导热性能和介电性能等影响。结果表明:当w(BN)=15%时,复合材料的冲击强度较高;导热性能随着BN用量的增加而增大;当w(BN)=25%时,改性复合材料的热导率为0.901 2 W/(m.K),此时复合材料仍保持较低的介电常数和介电损耗。当BN用量相同时,偶联剂表面处理可有效改善复合材料的力学性能和导热性能。     

环氧树脂/超支化聚酰胺-胺固化动力学研究

采用示差扫描量热仪,通过动态DSC法研究了环氧树脂/超支化聚酰胺-胺固化体系在5,10,15,20℃/min等4个不同升温速度下的固化过程。采用Kissinger法求得表观活化能Ea为54.9 kJ/mol,通过Malek法对DSC曲线处理得到了动力学参数。根据特征函数y(α)与Z(α)的形状与特征值,得到了最佳动力学模型为两参数(m,n)的自催化模型-Sestak-Berggren方程。通过对比可知理论曲线与实验的DSC曲线有很好的一致性。     

Effect of the fabrication process on the microstructural evolution of carbon fibers and flexural property on C/SiC composites by the NITE method

Nano-infiltration and transient eutectic phase (NITE) SiC matrix composites are designed for application in aerospace propulsion systems, particularly in fasteners and thrusters. A variety of carbon fibers with different properties have been selected as reinforcements for SiC matrix composites. Carbon fibers are known to be stable at high temperatures; however, the effects of high applied pressure at high temperatures on the fiber microstructure evolution and mechanical properties are not well-known. As a scoping study for fabricating NITE C/SiC composites, the behaviors of various carbon fibers in SiC composites. Pitch-based fibers, namely, GRANOX XN-05 and YS-90A, and a polyacrylonitrile-based fiber, namely, TORAYCA T-300B, were selected for matrix reinforcement. The 3-point bending test results indicated pseudo-ductile behaviors in the cases of YS-90A and T-300B fiber reinforcements. Fracture resistance evaluation based on the single-notch bending test indicated that the YS-90A fiber reinforced composite afforded the highest fracture resistance among the three C/SiC composites. The microstructure evolution on YS-90A and T-300B fibers was limited to near the fiber surface. Therefore, YS-90A and T-300B carbon fibers are potential candidates for reinforcement in NITE C/SiC composites.     

Study on the interfacial properties of two‐dimensionally arranged glass fiber/epoxy resin model composites

The effect of interfiber distance on the interfacial properties in two dimensional multi‐E‐glass fiber/epoxy resin composites has been investigated using fragmentation test. In addition, the effect of the fiber surface treatment on the interfacial properties has been studied. We found that the interfacial shear strength decreased with the decreasing interfiber distance at the range of <50 μm and the extent of the decreasing was more serious as the increasing of the number of adjacent fiber. This is probably that the interface between the fiber and the resin was damaged by the breaking of adjacent fibers and the damage increased with minimizing the interfiber spacing and the number of adjacent fibers. We can guess that interfacial shear strength in real composites is much smaller than that of multifiber fragmentation sample with touched fiber. When the interfiber distance was >50 μm, the interfacial shear strengths were saturated regardless of fiber surface treatment and were in close agreement with those of the single fiber fragmentation test. Finally, the interfacial shear strength evaluated using two dimensional fragmentation tests are shown as real values in‐site regardless of fiber surface treatment, interfiber distance, and existing matrix cracks. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1541–1551, 2006