炼油厂生化处理废水中有机组分的定性分析

将水中的有机组分划分为悬浮性有机物（ＳＯＣ）,溶解性可吸附有机物（ＥＯＣ）及溶解性不可吸附有机物（ＮＥＯＣ）三类。分别用Ｇ３型耐酸过滤漏斗及ＧＤＸ－５０２树脂分离并富集炼油厂生化进水及出水中的ＳＯＣ和ＥＯＣ。漏斗滤出的和ＧＤＸ－５０２树脂富集的有机物分别用二氯甲烷洗脱和Ｓｏｘｈｌｅｔ提取。提取物经干燥,浓综后,用ＧＣ／ＭＳ进行分析。结果表明：此方法对炼油厂生化处理废水中有机组分的富集效率为５３．６     

三维三相黑油模型的MILU—CG方法及数值结果比较

本文以参考文献［１］中ＳＰＥ考题设计的三维三为油模型的地层参数，ＰＶＴ表及生产方式为模拟的依据，利用ＬＳＯＲ、ＳＳＯＲ－ＣＧ、ＩＬＵ－ＣＧ及ＭＩＬＵ－ＣＧ方法进行模拟，结果表明ＭＩＬＵ－ＣＧ方法较ＬＳＯＲ快１０倍，较ＩＬＵ－ＣＧ也快约１倍，随着问题规律的增加，ＭＩＬＵ－ＣＧ显得更有效，因此是油藏数值模拟中值得重和推广的好算法。     

三维三相黑油模型的MILU－CG方法及数值结果比较

本文以参考文献［１］中ＳＰＥ考题设计的三维三相黑油模型的地层参数、ＰＶＴ表及生产方式为模拟的依据，利用ＬＳＯＲ、ＳＳＯＲ－ＣＧ、ＩＬＵ－ＣＧ及ＭＩＬＵ－ＣＧ方法进行模拟，结果表明ＭＩＬＵ－ＣＧ方法较ＬＳＯＲ快１０倍，较ＩＬＵ－ＣＧ也快约１倍。随着问题规模的增加，ＭＩＬＵ－ＣＧ显得更有效，因此是油藏数值模拟中值得重视和推广的好算法。     

改性HZSM-5对正己烷芳构化性能的考察

用Ｇａ、Ｚｎ改性的ＨＺＳＭ－５对正己烷的芳构化性能进行了研究。在Ｇａ改性的ＨＺＳＭ－５上，Ｇａ含量存在一最佳值，此时芳烃收率和氢气收率最大。Ｚｎ改性ＨＺＳＭ－５后提高了芳烃收率，催化剂中Ｚｎ含量达一定值后再增加，芳烃收率变化不大；Ｚｎ含量过高，氢解反应加剧。在Ｇａ／ＨＺＳＭ－５中引入Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ或Ｚｎ后提高了芳烃收率，Ｚｎ、Ｃｒ的引入显著提高了Ｇａ／ＨＺＳＭ－５的脱氢功能，Ｎｉ有较强的氢解作用。     

Ga－Al－Si－ZSM－5 的合成、表征与催化性能

利用廉价的水玻璃作硅源、正丁胺作导向剂合成出Ｇａ－Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－ＺＳＭ－５泡沸石分子筛。ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＸＰＳ等测试结果表明，Ｇａ已进入分子筛的骨架，并以高价氧化态存在，呈体相富集。对酸催化的甲醇芳构化反应，Ｇａ－Ｓｉ－ＺＳＭ－５比Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－ＺＳＭ－５有更好的产物选择性，芳烃收率高，裂解产物Ｃ１、Ｃ２烃的收率较低。     

莺歌海盆地浅层凝析油研究

采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ，ＧＣ／ＭＳ技术对莺歌海盆地浅层凝析油进行了检测，除未成熟一低成熟凝析油外，发现了成熟－高成熟凝析油。     

Ga—Al—Si—ZSM—5的合成,表征与催化性能

利用廉价的水玻璃作硅源、正丁胺作导向剂合成出Ｇａ－Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－ＺＳＭ－５泡沸石分子筛。ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＸＰＳ等测试结果表明，Ｇａ已进入分子筛的骨架，并以高价氧化态存在，呈体相富集。对酸催化的甲醇芳构化反应，Ｇａ－Ｓｉ－ＺＳＭ－５比Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－ＺＳＭ－５有更好的产物选择性，芳烃收率高，裂解产物Ｃ１、Ｃ２烃的收率较低。     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COAL－FORMED GASES IH THE EAST OF THE CENTRAL－ASIA COAL－FORMED GAS ACCUMULATION DOMAIN──SERIES STUDY Ⅱ ON THE CENTRAL－ASIA COAL－FORMED GAS ACCUMULATION DOMAIN

ＧＥＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＴＨＥＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＥＳＩＨＴＨＥＥＡＳＴＯＦＴＨＥＣＥＮＴＲＡＬ－ＡＳＩＡＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＡＣＣＵＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＤＯＭＡＩＮ──ＳＥＲＩＥＳＳＴＵＤＹⅡＯＮＴＨＥＣ...     

CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL－FORMED GAS ACCUMULATION BELTS IN THE EAST PART OF THE CENTRAL－ASIA COAL－FORMED GAS ACCUMULATION DOMAIN ──SERIES STUDY Ⅲ ON THE CENTRAL－ASIA COAL－FORMED GAS ACCUMULATION DOMAIN

ＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＡＣＣＵＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＢＥＬＴＳＩＮＴＨＥＥＡＳＴＰＡＲＴＯＦＴＨＥＣＥＮＴＲＡＬ－ＡＳＩＡＣＯＡＬ－ＦＯＲＭＥＤＧＡＳＡＣＣＵＭＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＤＯＭＡＩＮ──ＳＥＲＩＥＳＳＴＵＤＹⅢＯ...     

SGI-ORIGIN-2000大型并行机系统简介

介绍美国ＳＧＩ公司生产的最新一代巨型计算机ＳＧＩ－ＯＲＩＧＩＮ－２０００并行模型,其结构属分布式共享存储结构ＤＳＭ,采用了ＣＣ－ＮＵＭＡ技术。这种技术既有较好的可编程性,又具有良好的可扩展性。ＯＲＩＧＩＮ产品的特性是在较大范围内具有线性扩展能力,真正实现了高带宽,使延迟的Ｃｒａｙｌｉｎｋ互联技术与可扩展ＩＲＩＸ操作环境相结合,并创造了一种先进的体系结构,将ＳＭＰ分布式存储并行处理以及集群处理的优点于一体。这些技术和设计思想,代表了当今巨型计算机的发展方向。     

炼化回用污水反渗透产生的浓水有机物组成分析

分析炼化回用污水反渗透产生的浓水中有机物组成对研发反渗透浓水达标处理技术意义重大。分别采用固相萃取和固相微萃取两种方法,首先对反渗透浓水中有机物进行富集,再采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对富集样品进行组成分析,结果表明反渗透浓水中有机物主要由芳香族化合物构成,结合质谱谱库和外标法比对分析,相对含量较高的几种有机物分别为苯及含有不同甲基数量的取代萘等。     

液液萃取-气相色谱-氧选择性检测法测定柴油中的酚类化合物

建立了液液萃取结合气相色谱-氧选择性检测器（GC-OFID）测定柴油样品中微量酚类化合物的方法。待测试样经10%的氢氧化钠溶液萃取,水相经稀盐酸调至pH＝5～6后,用二氯甲烷反萃取其中的酚类化合物,挥发溶剂后得到浓缩的酚类富集物,然后进行GC-MS和GC-OFID检测。通过与GC-MS检测结果对比,结合各酚类组分的沸点和色谱峰保留规律,确定了GC-OFID上54个（组）色谱峰对应的酚类化合物的结构或类型。在酚类富集物中加入已知量的苯甲醇作内标物,采用内标法进行定量。在样品量为50 mL时,测定苯酚、2,5-二甲基苯酚、2,3,5-三甲基苯酚的检测限分别为0.5,1.0,1.5 μg/mL,在质量浓度8～40 μg/mL范围内连续5次重复性测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于8.0%,可以用于柴油中酚类化合物的测定。     

炼化企业碱渣处理技术进展

炼化企业碱渣碱度大、化学耗氧量（COD）和盐浓度高、含有一些难被微生物降解的有机物、中和会释放恶臭气体,宜先预处理再进污水处理场处理。中和酸化是比较简单的碱渣预处理方法,可以脱除硫化物和难被微生物降解的有机物,产生的中和废水可进污水处理场处理,但由于其COD仍然较高,中和废水处理量受污水处理场规模限制不能太大,而且没有处理好中和酸化产生的恶臭气体。中和酸化-萃取预处理,继承了中和酸化预处理的优点,提高了COD去除率,使全部碱渣废水能够进入污水处理场处理达标排放,但仍然没有解决好恶臭污染问题。缓和湿式氧化-SBR预处理,解决了碱渣中和过程的恶臭污染问题,碱渣经过湿式氧化-SBR生化曝气预处理,可全部进污水处理场处理达标排放,但其氧化尾气有少量异味和挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放、投资和操作费用较高。带废气脱臭的曝气池预处理碱渣技术与湿式氧化-SBR预处理技术相比,投资小、操作费用低,但在恶臭气体处理上仍有问题。碱渣中和酸化硫回收及气水净化技术可依托厂内现有污水处理场、醇胺液硫化氢回收系统、VOCs废气处理装置,通过新建碱渣中和酸化氮气吹脱反应沉降器、吹脱气硫化氢吸收塔,以较低的投资和操作费用,实现碱渣废水达标处理、中和酸化释放气中的硫化氢和VOCs回收、尾气高标准净化达标排放。     

Application progress of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) materials in the detection of food contaminants

With the increasing standardization of food production, the detection of trace food contaminants is becoming extremely crucial. Therefore, it is imperative to carefully select adsorbents with high sensitivity and selectivity for sample pretreatment. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) possess inherent advantages over other materials, including low density, large surface area, adjustable pore size and structure, as well as customizable features. Recently, there has been a significant advancement in the application of COFs as adsorbents for trace food contaminants. This article reviews the application progress and scenarios of COFs in detecting trace contaminants from different sources. The current focus on detecting various contaminants is summarized and the prospects of COFs in food safety are discussed. Finally, the suggestions for the future detection direction are proposed. This work has significant implications for future advancements in trace detection of food contaminants.     

南堡凹陷原油芳烃地球化学特征

通过对南堡凹陷原油GC-MS分析,研究了原油芳烃组成特征,探讨了原油成因。结果表明,南堡凹陷原油主要形成于弱氧化的淡水湖相沉积,为成熟原油。通过芳烃化合物组成及萘系列、联苯系列化合物内部相对丰度关系表明．沙河街组原油与东营组、馆陶组原油在源岩有机质输入方面有一定的差异,其中东营组和馆陶组原油有机质输入中高等植物有较大贡献,可能来源于南堡凹陷东三段或沙一段烃源岩,而沙河街组原油来源于沙三段烃源岩。     

Cansolv中和废水对废水处理装置的影响分析及处理措施

Cansolv装置产生的酸性和碱性废水中和后,存在中和废水温度高、排水量大、COD值和还原性硫含量高等问题,造成废水处理装置废水调节池长期满液位、反渗透膜寿命衰减、处理效率下降、蒸发结晶装置设备管线堵塞严重,影响冷凝回水和产盐品质。通过采取以下工艺优化措施,减少中和废水产生量:①调整酸性废水排水位置;②降低中和废水温度;③调整文丘里管组合塔出口尾气温度;④加强尾气焚烧炉配风操作;⑤提高湿式电除雾器除酸雾的能力;⑥更换离子交换树脂和优化胺液净化装置运行程序;⑦提高除盐能力,增加臭氧催化装置和氧化装置氧化降解,降低废水COD值和还原性硫含量,确保废水处理装置运行正常。     

Effect of Sediment on the Biodegradation of Petroleum Contaminants in Natural Water

Biodegradation of petroleum contaminants in natural water was studied within an Asian river context where high-suspended sediment content exists. Petroleum contaminant is one of the main pollutants in the Yellow River; at the same time, there is a high sediment content in the river system. This research highlighted the effect of sediment on the biodegradation of petroleum contaminants, as well as the related mechanisms regarding the effect. Biodegradation of petroleum contaminants was studied under different sediment contents. The distribution of petroleum contaminants in water and sediment phases as well as the relevant biodegradation kinetics were also investigated. The results showed that in water system with the sediment content of 0.5 g/L, about 84% of petroleum contaminants with the initial concentration of 11.64 mg/L could be degraded after incubation for 63 days at 20°C. It was also indicated that the presence of sediment exerted significant influences on the biodegradation of petroleum contaminants in water system, and the influences were different from one cultivation stage to another. In the first stage, the biodegradation rate was higher in the water system with sediment than in that without sediment. In the second stage, the biodegradation rate was lower in the former than in the latter. In the last stage, the biodegradation rate was higher in the water system with sediment than in that without sediment. The presence of sediment could stimulate the growth of petroleum contaminant-degrading bacteria. Moreover, about 90% of the contaminants and bacteria were attached on the sediment. The sorbed contaminants on sediment could also be biodegraded by bacteria. The biodegradation of contaminants in water and sediment phases all fit well with the first-order kinetics, and the biodegradation rate constant in water phase was higher than that in sediment phase. However, as the contaminant concentration at the sediment phase was much higher than that in water phase, the biodegradation of petroleum contaminants mainly occurred at the sediment phase.     

Effect of Sediment on the Biodegradation of Petroleum Contaminants in Natural Water

Abstract

Biodegradation of petroleum contaminants in natural water was studied within an Asian river context where high-suspended sediment content exists. Petroleum contaminant is one of the main pollutants in the Yellow River; at the same time, there is a high sediment content in the river system. This research highlighted the effect of sediment on the biodegradation of petroleum contaminants, as well as the related mechanisms regarding the effect. Biodegradation of petroleum contaminants was studied under different sediment contents. The distribution of petroleum contaminants in water and sediment phases as well as the relevant biodegradation kinetics were also investigated. The results showed that in water system with the sediment content of 0.5 g/L, about 84% of petroleum contaminants with the initial concentration of 11.64 mg/L could be degraded after incubation for 63 days at 20°C. It was also indicated that the presence of sediment exerted significant influences on the biodegradation of petroleum contaminants in water system, and the influences were different from one cultivation stage to another. In the first stage, the biodegradation rate was higher in the water system with sediment than in that without sediment. In the second stage, the biodegradation rate was lower in the former than in the latter. In the last stage, the biodegradation rate was higher in the water system with sediment than in that without sediment. The presence of sediment could stimulate the growth of petroleum contaminant-degrading bacteria. Moreover, about 90% of the contaminants and bacteria were attached on the sediment. The sorbed contaminants on sediment could also be biodegraded by bacteria. The biodegradation of contaminants in water and sediment phases all fit well with the first-order kinetics, and the biodegradation rate constant in water phase was higher than that in sediment phase. However, as the contaminant concentration at the sediment phase was much higher than that in water phase, the biodegradation of petroleum contaminants mainly occurred at the sediment phase.     

电脱盐、脱钙装置有机废水水质提升的处理技术

根据原油加工过程及焦炭质量升级的需要,对电脱盐、脱钙过程中产生的废水采用有机酸萃取、萃取剂再生和有机酸回收、汽提工艺进行了处理。以酸质量分数为3.0%的水样为考察对象,根据乙酸异丙酯、乙酸异丁酯和乙酸乙酯等酯类萃取剂的萃取平衡数据和物性参数,确定了以乙酸异丙酯为萃取剂。根据处理效率和水中酸质量分数小于0.2%的指标要求,确定了适宜的萃取相比（油/水体积比）为3:1,对应的萃取级数为六级,在此条件下的萃取率为95%,萃取后下层水中酸质量分数为0.149%。采用共沸精馏法处理上层萃取液,回收得到的乙酸纯度为96.81%。汽提后水相的COD由初始的29 300 mg/L降至4 710 mg/L,COD降低了83.9%,该水质可以满足现有的工业废水处理装置的进水水质要求,实现了有机废水的再利用或达标排放。同时,实施该工艺过程每年可获得经济效益182.8万元。     

采用非水滴定法测定羧基丁腈橡胶中的羧基含量

建立了一种采用非水滴定法测定羧基丁腈橡胶中羧基含量的方法,并考察了该方法的准确度和精密度。该方法以非水溶剂丁酮溶解试样,然后以KOH-乙醇标准溶液中和,滴加酚酞作指示剂,并用盐酸标准溶液返滴定过量的KOH。测试结果表明,该方法的回收率为97.3%～103.4%,标准偏差不大于0.040%。