淬火工艺对马氏体高强钢组织和性能的影响

摘要：采用拉伸、冲击、金相、电子背散射衍射、透射电镜、X射线衍射等试验手段,研究了在线直接淬火+回火（DQT）与离线再加热淬火+回火（RQT）工艺对马氏体高强钢组织性能的影响。结果表明,2种试验钢组织均为板条马氏体,RQT试验钢原奥氏体晶粒及板条束呈等轴状,板条块较短,板条较宽,DQT试验钢原奥氏体晶粒呈扁平状,板条束贯穿整个晶粒,板条块呈细长状,板条宽度较小;位错强化是DQT试验钢强度较RQT高的主要原因;板条束为控制DQT和RQT试验钢韧性的最小单元;DQT试验钢大角晶界比例较低,其具有较大的马氏体板条束尺寸以及更高的位错密度,断裂应力较低,低温韧性较差。     

细晶强化和位错强化对中锰马氏体钢的强化作用

 研究了碳和锰含量对淬火中锰马氏体钢的位错密度、残余奥氏体含量、晶粒尺寸等组织结构以及室温力学性能的影响。借助于SEM、EBSD、TEM和XRD表征了材料的微观组织,探讨了马氏体钢的强化机制。结果表明:随着碳含量增加,淬火中锰钢的位错密度和残余奥氏体体积分数逐渐增加,板条束和板条块尺寸逐渐细化,大角晶界百分数逐渐增加,强度逐渐升高;增加锰含量能够提高马氏体钢的位错密度和抗拉强度。分析认为,位错强化和细晶强化是淬火中锰马氏体钢的主要强化机制。马氏体板条尺寸是马氏体抗拉强度的结构控制单元,而原奥氏体晶粒尺寸则是马氏体屈服强度的结构控制单元。     

C-Si-Mn-B系贝氏体钢的强度及强化机制

测定并分析了中碳和中低碳C-Si-Mn-B系贝氏体钢的抗拉强度及强化机制，结果表明，该钢具有较高的强度和良好的塑性，减小贝氏体铁素体板条宽度和提高板条内的位错密度对贝氏体的强化有较大贡献，在贝氏体/马氏体复相组织的强化机制中，应考虑下贝氏体板条对原奥氏体晶粒的分割细化效应以及马氏体对贝氏体板条变形的约束作用。由强化机制计算的强度值与实测值有较好的一致性。     

铈对低合金超高强钢马氏体相变行为的影响

 为了研究稀土元素铈对低合金超高强钢马氏体相变组织及动力学过程的影响,制备了不含铈与铈质量分数为0.079 2%的两组对比试验用钢。采用OM、SEM和TEM分析了试验用钢的显微组织,并利用DIL805A淬火膨胀仪绘制了马氏体相变动力学曲线。研究结果表明,铈的添加细化了原奥氏体晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸由7.63减小到6.42 μm;细小的奥氏体晶粒使马氏体板条宽度得到细化,平均宽度由250减少到211 nm。此外,对于马氏体相变动力学,铈的添加使马氏体相变开始温度(M_s)由391降低到380 ℃;在马氏体相变前中期,铈阻碍了马氏体转变,在马氏体相变后期,铈促进了马氏体转变。     

30CrNi5MoV钢中铬对组织机制的作用及影响

对不同含铬量的30Cr Ni5Mo V钢的奥氏体晶粒度、马氏体束的大小及板条宽度进行研究并探讨这些参数对该钢σp50的影响,讨论了30Cr Ni5Mo V钢中铬对其组织机制的作用和影响。     

舰艇用钢的新发展

ＨＳＬＡ系列钢是舰艇用钢。鞍钢钢铁研究所对ＨＳＬＡ１００钢的生产，金相组织和性能进行了试验研究和初步探讨，认为强化机制应为板条马氏体束，针状铁素体束及其宽度的细化和原始奥氏体晶粒细化。同时，也证明了这种钢在我国现有条件下进行生产是可行的。     

高强度马氏体时效不锈钢的晶粒细化及其力学性能的研究

研究了一种高强度马氏体时效不锈钢逆转变奥氏体再结晶规律、细化晶粒工艺及细晶组织对力学性能的影响.研究表明,通过循环相变a'(→)γ可得到7 um的等轴晶粒,新生晶粒内的板条马氏体块又重新被分割而成为若干个亚晶粒,同时部分单一的马氏体板条束又被夹角略大于60°方向上的若干个小马氏体板条束所分割,从而进一步细化了马氏体组织;与传统热处理工艺1050℃×1h相比,在同样时效处理规程下进行时效处理,钢的屈服强度提高了130 MPa,A、Z分别提高了7.5%、11%,循环相变细化晶粒是同时提高该钢的强度和韧塑性的有效手段.     

高级别管线钢X100的试验研究

通过合理的组织、成分设计,在实验室试制成功X100管线钢.利用光学显微镜、透射电镜与背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD),研究了X100钢不同组织构成对力学性能的影响规律及其合理的控冷制度,并通过Gleeble-1500热模拟机获得了试验钢的CCT曲线.结果表明,少量AF(Acicular Ferrite)、GB(Granular Bainite)组织的出现,可使原奥氏体晶粒得到分割,抑制板条束的过分长大,使板条贝氏体束的有效晶粒尺寸得到显著细化,钢板具有最优的细化组织,塑韧性得到明显改善;冷却速度为20～25 ℃/s,终冷温度为380 ℃时,钢板可获得最佳的组织构成与最优的综合力学性能,屈服强度为775 MPa,抗拉强度为855 MPa,伸长率为16.6%,冲击功(-20℃)为218 J.     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C-Mn-Mo-Cu-Nb-Ti-B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490~640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6~15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.      

冷处理对超级马氏体不锈钢组织及逆变奥氏体的影响

为研究冷处理对超级马氏体不锈钢的组织性能及逆变奥氏体的影响,通过淬火+回火(A钢)、淬火+冷处理+回火(B钢)以及淬火+深冷处理+回火(C钢)3种工艺进行对比研究。结果表明:实验钢中基体组织为回火马氏体,随回火温度的升高,马氏体板条变细。在相同回火温度下,A钢马氏体板条尺寸较大,B钢次之,C钢尺寸较小、且更平直。实验钢中逆变奥氏体含量随回火温度的升高先增加随后降低,在650℃时达到最大,整个过程中C钢逆变奥氏体含量高于B钢和A钢。实验钢的硬度随回火温度的升高而降低,在650℃时达到最小,随后增大。相同回火温度下,C钢硬度高于B钢,B钢高于A钢。A钢中逆变奥氏体多为块状,尺寸较大,分布较少;B钢次之;C钢中逆变奥氏体多为条状,尺寸较小,且分布均匀。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.