0Cr17不锈钢酸洗缓蚀剂的研究

利用正交设计的试验方法和电化学线性极化技术对0Cr17不锈钢在65％(质量)的硝酸60ml，37％(质量)的盐酸40ml和200ml的水混合成的酸洗介质条件下进行缓蚀剂的筛选，并对缓蚀剂在酸洗剂中的缓蚀能力和酸洗剂的酸洗能力进行了验证。试验结果表明：在酸洗介质中添加缓蚀剂以后，缓蚀率一般在90．0％以上，最高的达到98.7％。筛选出的两种最佳缓蚀剂的复合配方，缓蚀率均在98．4％以上。验证试验表明，酸洗剂具有很好的酸洗能力，缓蚀率达到98．3％。     

表面活性剂对碳钢的缓蚀作用及与缓蚀剂的协同效应

采用动电势扫描法测定了碳钢在饱和（NH4）2CO3溶液中的阳极极化曲线，研究了几种表面活性剂与缓蚀剂复配后的协同缓蚀作用。结果表明：几种表面活性剂均具有较好的缓蚀性能，体系中添加0．1％的量，缓蚀效率都接近90％：当0．05％壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX－10）与0．05％四丁基碘化铵复配时，协同缓蚀效率可达93．3％；应用动电势扫描法能够快速、简便地测定腐蚀速率和评选缓蚀剂。     

高效含氮有机缓蚀剂BIEA的研究

合成了一种含氮有机化合物N，N，N′，N′－四－（2－苯并咪唑甲基）－1，2－乙二胺（BIEA），采用失重法和电化学方法测定了其在盐酸溶液中对碳钢的缓蚀效果。结果表明，BIEA对45^#钢在浓直酸中的腐蚀有较好的缓蚀作用，是一种高效缓蚀剂。BIEA可同时抑制45^#钢在盐酸中腐蚀的阴极过程与阳极过程，是混合型缓蚀剂。     

多功能酸洗缓蚀抑雾剂的后效性能研究

本文采用线性极化法测定了多种酸洗体系加入多功能酸洗缓蚀抑雾剂CQH-2前后的极化电阻，研究了缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率随时间的变化关系，以评定CQH-2缓蚀剂的后效性能。结果表明：CQH-2在多种酸洗体系中后效性能良好，仅在铝的酸洗中，缓蚀率和后效性能均较差，加入吖啶后，缓蚀率和后效性能都显著提高。     

PS—12缓蚀杀菌剂的性能研究

研究了含有磷酰基,羧基的委铵盐缓蚀杀菌剂PS－12对45^#钢在模拟循环冷却水中的缓蚀性能及杀菌性能,失得法和极化曲线测试结果说明,PS－12对45^#碳钢具有良好的缓蚀作用,属混合型缓蚀剂,杀菌结果说明PS－12对异氧菌和硫酸盐还原菌有良好的杀菌性能。     

MZL-1型酸洗缓蚀剂配方及性能研究

研究了在50℃、5％的盐酸介质中咪唑啉季铵盐类缓蚀剂与表面活性剂以及无机阴离子的协同作用，在此基础上得到了MZL-1型酸洗缓蚀剂配方，该配方在静态和动态条件下都有较好的缓蚀效果，通过电化学测试探讨了这种缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理。     

氨基酸类酸洗缓蚀剂缓蚀机理及其缓蚀性能的影响因素研究

采用失重法、电化学法研究了在硫酸介质中,氨基酸类复合缓蚀剂对碳钢的缓蚀性能及缓蚀机理,动电位极化曲线测试证明,氨基酸复合酸洗缓蚀荆是抑制阳极和阴极反应的混合型缓蚀剂;交流阻抗测试了Nyquist图、Bode图及phase angle图,通过分析阻抗R1、双电层电容Cd1、阻抗模值| Z |和相角的大小,证明三元氨基酸类复合缓蚀剂各组分有很好的协同效应,缓蚀率很高.通过失重法确定,在酸洗时间0～16 h,酸洗温度30～50℃,硫酸浓度0.4～2.0 mol/L范围内,该三元复合缓蚀剂的缓蚀率都在90%以上.     

多用固体酸洗缓蚀剂CMD18的研究

合成了一种多用固体酸洗缓蚀剂ＣＭＤ１８,研究酸液浓度、温度和Ｆｅ＾３＋离子含量、缓蚀剂添加量、酸洗时间等对缓蚀性能的影响,用电化学方法了缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理。     

植物性缓蚀剂的初步研究

目前酸洗缓蚀剂品种很多,但尚无以植物作原料者,作者用蓖麻籽,胡椒、烟叶、术质素、大蒜、花椒等作原料配制了复合缓蚀剂。在不同缓蚀剂浓度、介质温度和流速下,对碳钢在5％HCl溶液中的缓蚀效果进行试验,方法为动电位扫描测极化曲线和失重法。测试了缓蚀剂对氢的扩散及Fe~(3+)的抑制作用,与现用的某些高效缓蚀剂作了对比试验。结果表明,筛选出的复合配方植物性缓蚀剂在酸洗温度与流速下,缓蚀率符合要求,对氢扩散及Fe~(3+)均有较好的抑制作用。此类缓蚀剂物源丰富、高效、易溶、无恶臭、无毒。进一步开展研究是具有实际意义的。     

植物型缓蚀剂提取及灰色系统对其效果评价

研制了一种环保型酸洗缓蚀剂.采用索氏提取法从橙皮中提取酸洗缓蚀成分,用静态失重法确定酸洗缓蚀剂的最佳缓蚀条件:在研究范围内,腐蚀温度控制在35℃,腐蚀时间5小时20分钟,盐酸酸度为2%,缓蚀剂浓度为0.5%时,缓蚀效果最好;而与六亚甲基四胺复配使用后,缓蚀效果更佳,缓蚀效率达到96%.利用电化学极化曲线对其缓蚀机理进行探讨,发现其为阳极型缓蚀剂.通过考察温度对缓蚀效率的影响,得出缓蚀剂的加入使碳钢在盐酸中溶解反应的活化能升高的结论.通过Frumkin吸附等温式的拟合计算,得到缓蚀成分在碳钢上的吸附为单分子层吸附,且吸附分子间表现为斥力.运用灰色模型GM（1.1）对缓蚀效果进行评价和预测,也得到较理想的结果.     

Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of Ti-50Al Alloy with Y Additions at 800 and 900°C

The isothermal-oxidation behavior of Al-rich TiAl alloys containing Y up to 1.0 at.% was studied in synthetic air with a flow of 200–250 mL/min at 800 and 900°C. Oxidation kinetics and scale adherence were studied in terms of the morphological features and microstructural evolution of the oxide scale. In the specimens oxidized at 800°C, all alloys containing 0.3–1.0 at.%Y showed reduced mass gain compared to the Y-free alloy, especially for the 0.3 at.%Y alloy. Under isothermal exposure at 900°C, the addition of small amounts of Y (0.1 and 0.3 at.%) was effective in enhancing the oxidation resistance. The alloys with higher Y contents (0.6 and 1.0 at.%), on the contrary, had a reverse effect on the oxidation resistance by providing rapid diffusion paths in the form of coarse Y₂O₃ particles close to the substrate. The improvement of oxidation resistance of the alloy with Y additions was due partly to the improved adhesion of the scale and due partly to the formation of a continuous α-Al₂O₃ layer in the outer scale. Y segregation and/or Y₂O₃ precipitation at the oxide grain boundaries was effective in decreasing the oxidation rate and refining the oxide grains. The thinner scale was responsible for relaxing the thermal stress and, thus the cohesion between the scale and substrate was greatly improved in Y-containing alloys.     

Temperature and grain size dependence of superplasticity in a Zn−0.3wt.%Al alloy

The superplastic deformation behavior of quasi-single phase Zn-0.3 wt. %Al was investigated. A series of load relaxation and tensile tests was conducted at various temperatures ranging from RT (20 °C) to 200 °C. The recently proposed internal variable theory of structural superplasticity was applied. The flow curves obtained from load relaxation tests were shown to consist of contributions from interface sliding (IS) and accommodating plastic deformation. In the case of quasi-single phase Zn-0.3 wt.% Al alloy with an average agrain size of 1 μm, the IS behavior could be described as a viscous flow process characterized by a power index of M_g=0.5. A large elongation of about 1400% was obtained at room temperature and the strain rate sensitivity parameter was about 0.4. Although relatively large-grained (10 μm) single phase alloy showed a high value of strain rate sensitivity comparable to that of fine-grained alloy at very low strain rate range, IS was not expected from the analysis based on the internal variable theory of structural superplasticity at room temperature. As the temperature increased above 100 °C, however, the contribution from IS was observed at a very low strain rate range. A high elongation of ∼400% was obtained in a specimen of 10-μm-grain-size at 200 °C under a strain rate of 2×10⁻⁴/sec. Jointly appointed at Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials (CAAM)     

Effect of Be on aging behavior of an Al-Si-Cu-Mg cast alloy

The effect of Be addition on the aging behavior of UNS 03370 (Al11Si3Cu0.3Mg) was investigated by micro-hardness measurement, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. Age hardening analysis shows Be additions to an Al11Si3Cu0.3Mg alloy accelerates the age hardening rate and increases the peak hardness by 15 HV during aging at 160°C. DSC shows that Be additions lead to an endothermic peak corresponding to the dissolution of Gunier Preston zones (GP I) disappear with exothermic peaks corresponding to precipitation of GP II zones and the λ′ and/or ϑ′ phases shift to low temperature. DSC and TEM analyses show that GP II zones are more effective than λ′ and/or θ′ on hardening the alloy, and Be addition increases the homogeneous nucleation density of GP II zones. The possible Be atoms participating in the precipitation process during aging and the high Be-vacancy binding energy can explain the effect of Be on aging behavior of Al11Si3Cu0.3Mg alloy.     

Making the Foundry Top-rated Worldwide PENG Fan''s Speech at the Grand Opening of Kocel Steel Foundry Co., Ltd.

Respected leaders, dear guests, ladies and gentlemen: Good Morning! On May 9, 2004 the joint venture agreement for Kocel Steel Foundry Co., Ltd,was signed between Kocel Group, Changcheng Suzaki Machine and Voestalpine of Austria; then the groundbreaking ceremony of the joint venture was held on Sept. 22, 2004; and today, May 9, 2006, Kocel Steel Foundry, the "infant" of the Kocel Group, Changcheng Suzaki and Voestalpine Giesserei, with blended cultural blood of China, Austria and Japan, is born!     

45#钢Cr-N包埋共渗涂层的组织特征及形成机理

目的研究在45~#钢表面包埋共渗沉积Cr_2N涂层提高其耐蚀性的可行性。方法采用包渗法,对在1100℃下保温不同时间,得到不同时期的氮铬共渗涂层。利用扫描电镜及能谱仪、X射线衍射仪研究氮铬共渗层的微观组织及其生长机制,利用极化曲线评估涂层耐蚀性能。结果 45~#钢氮铬包埋共渗在保温4 h时可获得最佳涂层,涂层组织为Cr_2N层(约15μm)、Cr的沉积层(约10μm)、Cr的扩散层(约15μm)。Cr_2N层呈现强烈的(002)晶面择优取向;Cr沉积层为Fe-Cr合金及铬的碳化物相(Cr_7C_3,Cr_3C_2)。在模拟燃料电池腐蚀液中,45~#钢、45涂层样品、304不锈钢自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流分别为-0.521 V和230.63μA·cm~(-2),-0.448 V和10.89μA·cm~(-2),-0.299 V和5.26μA·cm~(-2)。当腐蚀电位高于0.3 V时,涂层样品会二次钝化,腐蚀电流低至1.43μA·cm~(-2)。结论沉积Cr_2N的45~#钢样品相对原样其耐蚀性有很大提高,并且当腐蚀电位达到0.3 V以上时,其耐蚀性能优于304不锈钢。     

Electromagnetic and microwave absorbing properties of W-type barium ferrite doped with Gd<Superscript>3+</Superscript>

W-type barium ferrites doped with Gd3+,Ba1-xGdx(Zn0.3Co0.7)2Fe16O27(x = 0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20),were prepared by a sol-gel method.The effects of Gd3+ substitution on their microstructure,electromagnetic properties and microwave absorptive behavior were analyzed.The XRD patterns showed the single phase of W-type barium ferrite when x ≤ 0.15.Microwave electromagnetic properties of samples were studied at the frequency range from 2 GHz to 18 GHz using a network analyzer(Agilent 8722ET).The complex permittivity ...     

Thermal behaviors and growth of reduced ferronickel particles in carbon-laterite composites

The thermal behaviors of single laterite ore and graphite-laterite mixtures were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermo-gravimetry (DTG), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Four mass loss steps maximized at about 78, 272, 583, and 826°C are observed for the laterite ore, representing the vaporization of free water, the dehydroxylation of goethite, the decomposition of serpentines, and the second dehydroxylation of serpentines, respectively. The reduction reactions of the graphite-laterite mixtures start at around 700°C and can be divided into three major temperature regions. Coal-laterite composites with an addition of 10 wt.% CaO were roasted at 1100-1350°C for 30 min, and the reduced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indi-cate that the reduction reactions proceed more completely at higher temperatures. The growth of the reduced ferronickel particles is greatly influenced by the roasting temperature. Obvious growth of the reduced ferronickel particles appears with the formation of worm-like crystals for the sample reduced at 1250°C, and spheric particles are observed for the sample reduced at 1300°C. When the reduction temperature in-creases to 1350°C, the reduced ferronickel particles agglomerate to ferronickel granules of 3-8 mm in diameter. The main elements in the granules include iron, nickel, chromium, carbon, and sulfur, with the content of nickel and that of iron of 9.08 wt.% and 85.21 wt.%, respec-tively.     

Chromium-oxide Growth on Fe–Cr–Ni Alloy Studied with Grazing-emission X-ray Fluorescence

Using grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence (GEXRF), isothermal oxidation of the alloys 55Fe–25Cr–20Ni and 55Fe–25Cr–20Ni(+0.3Y) (wt.%) were studied as a function of oxidation time at 750 °C in O₂. In addition, the effect of thermal cycling was studied. Using GEXRF, oxide thickness, the Cr-depletion zone in the substrate, and Fe and Ni concentrations in the oxide were monitored as a function of oxidation time. Scanning-electron microscopy was used to independently measure the Cr-depletion zone. Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the concentration of Fe₂O₃ appearing in the oxides in early oxidation (less than 2 h). Both GEXRF and Raman measurements show that the thermally-grown chromium oxide purifies with extended oxidation; initially abundant Fe₂O₃ became undetectable after 2 h of oxidation. However, the total Fe concentration was still ∼3% after 2 h but systematically decreased with further oxidation. Thermal cycling had no effect on these results.      

Fine structure and phase composition of NiCrAlY sputtered coatings

Structure of sputtered high-temperature coatings of composition (wt %) 20–22 Ni, 11–13 Cr, 0.3–0.5 Al, and the balance Y was studied by transmission electron microscopy. The information obtained may be useful in an analysis of the deposition process and operating damages of such protective coatings.