车用燃料电池质子交换膜的制备及性能

合成了一系列具有不同支化度的磺化聚芳醚砜材料,并对其结构和性能进行了表征。所制备的磺化的支化聚芳醚砜材料的分子量可达7.00×105以上,并且分子量分布在1.17左右,拉伸强度可达20.55~28.81 MPa。随着聚合物支化度的增加,聚合物的热稳定性得到改善,在550℃下的热失重可降低至39%~45%。高支化的磺化聚芳醚砜薄膜的氧化稳定性也得到改善,80℃下的使用寿命可提高至7.25 h。支化的磺化聚芳醚砜薄膜的吸水率和质子传导率都较高。80℃下高支化度的聚芳醚砜薄膜的质子传导率可达0.33 S/cm。对其微观形貌进行观测发现,支化聚芳醚砜中的支化结构可对周围的亲水磺酸基团起支撑作用,促使其发生团聚而形成连续的质子通道。     

Cardo基低介电聚酰亚胺的合成及性能

以9,9-双(4氨基苯基)芴、对苯二胺、3,3′,4,4′-联苯四羧酸二酐为原料成功制备了一系列含联苯芴(Cardo)基的低介电聚酰亚胺,并表征了其各项性能。通过红外吸收光谱证明了聚酰亚胺的亚胺化程度,X射线衍射(XRD)表征了材料的聚集态结构,材料的分子间距随着Cardo基引入而变大;通过热重分析(TG)和动态热机械分析(DMA)表征了材料的热性能,结果表明,随着分子链中Cardo基含量的增加,玻璃化转变温度从340℃增加到372℃,1%的失重温度从568℃降低到507℃;通过分子模拟表明,大侧基效应导致自由体积增大,分子自由度减弱。介电测试表明,在1 MHz条件下,随着Cardo基含量的增加,介电常数从3.56降低到3.37,介电损耗从0.019降低到0.015。力学性能测试表明,Cardo基引入,材料变脆,拉伸模量和断裂伸长率下降较明显。     

季铵型交联聚芳醚砜薄膜的制备及其性能研究

以甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)为铵化试剂,合成了含有双键的季铵型聚芳醚砜共聚物,通过流延技术,在热处理条件下挥发溶剂并交联,制备了季铵型交联聚芳醚砜(cPAES-N)薄膜。论文研究了聚芳醚砜的基本结构、交联情况、热稳定性和不同温度下的吸水溶胀情况。研究发现,交联聚芳醚砜薄膜可在流延溶剂中稳定存在,而且其热稳定性优于非交联聚芳醚砜(PAES-N);交联聚芳醚砜薄膜的吸水率与溶胀率均低于非交联聚芳醚砜薄膜,尺寸稳定性良好。     

聚芳醚砜酮纤维的热性能

采用DSC、TG测定了含联苯结构聚芳醚砜酮 (PPESK)纤维的热性能 ,结果表明 ,纤维的玻璃化温度随砜酮比的增大而提高 ,纤维的起始分解温度大于 463℃。当砜酮比为 15 / 85 ,5 0 / 5 0 ,75 / 2 5时 ,纤维的玻璃化温度分别为 2 5 7.62 ,2 78.64 ,2 79.71℃ ;热分解活化能分别为 15 0 .8,2 19.9,195 .5kJ/mol;热分解反应级数分别为 1,1.76,1级     

THF-PO共聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体性能的研究

以四氢呋喃-环氧丙烷(THF-PO)共聚醚、TD I、MOCA为原料,制备了聚氨酯(PU)弹性体。研究了THF-PO共聚醚相对分子质量、NCO含量、扩链剂用量、硫化时间和硫化温度的不同对THF-PO共聚醚型PU弹性体力学性能的影响。结果表明,NCO含量相同时,THF-PO共聚醚相对分子质量高,其PU弹性体的硬度、伸长率和冲击弹性高,而拉伸强度低。共聚醚相对分子质量相同时,NCO含量增加,其PU弹性体的硬度、拉伸强度、300%模量和撕裂强度增加,伸长率下降。当扩链剂系数R在0.80~0.95、硫化温度在100℃、硫化时间为15 h时,PU弹性体力学性能最好。     

聚芳醚腈砜的结构与热性能的研究

本文采用红外光谱方法对聚芳醚腈砜的结构进行了分析，并与间苯型聚芳醚砜的结构作了对比，利用ＴＧＡ，ＤＴＡ等热分析测试，对不同分子量聚芳醚腈砜的热氧稳定性，玻璃化转变温度等热性能进行了研究。     

新型含偶氮结构聚芳醚砜醚酮酮的合成与表征

在无水AlCl3及N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)/1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)复合溶剂的存在下,将含砜基芳二醚类单体与含偶氮苯结构芳二甲酰氯进行低温付-克缩聚反应,合成了一类新型含偶氮结构聚芳醚砜醚酮酮树脂。用IR、TG、WAXD及元素分析等技术进行了结构表征和性能测试。结果表明:所合成的聚合物树脂具有预期结构且为非晶态聚合物;在N2气氛中质量损失5%的温度(Td)分别为445～463℃;聚合物除了能在浓硫酸、CF3COOH/CHCl3等强极性质子型溶剂中溶解外,还能溶解于N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)等强极性非质子型溶剂中,也能在普通溶剂,如氯仿(CHCl3)、1,2-二氯乙烷(DCE)、四氢呋喃(THF)等中溶解。     

新型共聚芳醚砜改性环氧树脂的结构与性能研究

采用新型杂萘联苯共聚芳醚砜(PPBES)树脂对环氧树脂(EP)进行共混改性,研究了共混物的结构和性能,并对其增韧机理进行了分析。结果表明:采用PPBES改性EP后,在共混物韧性提高的同时,其玻璃化温度最多提高了30℃,且热稳定性得到了很好的保持。     

以生物基二聚二胺,BPADA,m-PDA为单体的PI的合成

以双酚A型二醚二酐、生物基二聚二胺、间苯二胺为原料,间甲酚为溶剂,采用传统的一步法合成了一系列生物基共聚及均聚聚酰亚胺,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、凝胶渗透色谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪等表征了生物基聚酰亚胺的结构并分析了其热性能和力学性能。结果表明:所制聚酰亚胺的玻璃化转变温度为26~215℃,质量损失5%时的温度为436~512℃;随着二聚二胺用量的增加,聚酰亚胺的断裂拉伸应变显著提高,二聚二胺摩尔分数为50%时,断裂拉伸应变达507%。     

氯甲基化/季铵化新型聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜的研制

本文对含二氮杂萘结构聚芳醚砜酮进行改性制得氯甲基化聚芳醚砜酮。选用N-甲基一2-吡咯烷酮作制膜溶剂，依据正交设计方法制得了一系列氯甲基化聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜。考察了聚合物浓度、添加剂种类和添加量以及制膜蒸发时间等对膜性能的影响。将氯甲基化聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜浸入三甲胺溶液进行季铵化反应，得季铵化聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜。并考察了膜的抗污染性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。