刺桐属植物天然成分提取研究进展

刺桐属植物富含刺桐碱、黄酮、萜类及其他酚类等具有优良生物活性的天然物质,所以刺桐属植物天然成分的提取、表征工作一直备受科研工作者青睐。将对近年来刺桐属植物天然成分提取的研究进展进行综述,为研究刺桐属天然成分的科研工作者和天然药物开发提供重要参考。     

药用植物獐牙菜属活性成分研究

报道了从獐牙菜属植物中提取的具有降血糖活性成分的化合物 ,并用光谱方法对其结构进行了鉴定。     

植物活性成分降尿酸的研究进展

高尿酸血症是一种体内尿酸积累引起的代谢性疾病,与痛风、高血压、糖尿病、心血管疾病等的发生密切相关,目前主要通过药物进行治疗,但现有的药物副作用很严重.植物活性成分已被证实在治疗高尿酸血症方面有效果,而且具有副作用小、安全性高、来源广泛等优点.在分析高尿酸血症病理特性的基础上,主要对黄酮类、多酚类、皂苷类、多糖类等植物活...     

植物活性成分提取新技术及最新研究进展

详细介绍了超声波提取、微波辅助提取、超临界流体提取、亚临界水提取等几种近年来植物活性成分提取方面的新技术,及超声强化超临界CO2提取技术、超声-微波协同提取技术、超声强化亚临界水提取等最新研究进展,重点阐述了这些新技术的原理、应用现状,指出了存在的问题,最后对这些新技术的应用及发展前景进行了探讨.     

云实亚科植物的农药活性及活性成分综述

主要对云实亚科具有农药活性的11个属:羊蹄甲属(Bauhinia)、苏木属(Caesalpinia)、决明属(Cassia)、凤凰木属(Delonix)、摘亚木属(Dialium)、格木属(Erythrophleum)、肥皂荚属(Gymnocladus)、孪叶豆属(Hymenaea)、扁轴木属(Parkinsonia)、盾柱木属(Peltophorum)和酸豆属(Tamarindus)进行了综述。其中,具有杀虫活性的有8个属,包括羊蹄甲属、苏木属、决明属、凤凰木属、格木属、肥皂荚属、孪叶豆属和酸豆属;具有抑菌活性的有8个属,包括羊蹄甲属、苏木属、决明属、凤凰木属、格木属、肥皂荚属、盾柱木属和酸豆属;具有杀线虫活性的有4个属,包括羊蹄甲属、苏木属、扁轴木属和酸豆属;具有杀螺活性的有5个属,包括羊蹄甲属、摘亚木属、孪叶豆属、盾柱木属和酸豆属;此外,凤凰木属具有除草活性。     

六种香茅属植物资源及精油成分

西双版纳栽培有六种香茅属(CymboPoeon)植物,从它们的叶片中可提取芳香油,鲜叶出油为0.43—0.87%,主要成分分别为柠檬醛、香茅醛、香叶醇、胡椒酮、榄香树脂等,具有发展种植和开发利用的价值。     

木姜子属挥发油成分及其生物活性研究概况

综述了木姜子属植物的分布、挥发油成分、生物活性等方面的研究工作;为木姜子属药用植物的系统分类提供了化学依据,并为评价该属植物的药用价值提供参考。     

伞形科杀虫抑菌活性及其活性成分研究进展

对伞形科19个属:当归属(Angelica)、芹菜属(Aium)、阿魏属(Ferula)、独活属(Heracleum)、茴香属(Foeniculum)、茴芹属(Pimpinella)、柴胡属(Bupleurum)、蛇床属(Cnidium)、芹属(Prangos)、积雪草属(Centella)、毒茴属(Conium)、芫荽属(Coriandrum)、石蛇床属(Petroselinum)、莳萝属(Anethum)、孜然芹属(Cuminum)、葛缕子属(Carum)、蔓芹属(Trachyspermum)、窃衣属(Torilis)和防风属(Saposhnikovia)中具有杀虫抑菌作用植物的生物活性及其活性成分的研究概况按属的顺序进行综述,为进一步将伞形科植物资源应用于植物源农药研究和开发利用提供理论参考。     

积雪草活性成分及在化妆品中的应用

综述了积雪草中的主要活性成分,包括三萜类、挥发油类、多炔烯类等,阐述了积雪草的功效及在化妆品的应用,最后对积雪草在化妆品中的应用前景进行了展望。     

菊花脑活性成分及其提取技术研究进展

菊花脑作为一种常见的野菜,含有蛋白质、脂肪、纤维素、维生素和黄酮类化合物、挥发油等多种活性成分,并拥有多种药理作用。文章主要介绍目前菊花脑主要活性成分及提取方法的研究进展,同时为挖掘菊花脑产品的药用价值和开发研究更深层次地高附加值产品铺设道路,契合市场发展规律,具有较高的现实意义。     

有生物活性的三唑类化合物的研究进展

介绍了近几年来具有生物活性的三唑类化合物的研究进展及开发情况，并对其未来发展进行了预测。     

刺桐属植物的生物碱成分及其药理作用研究进展

刺桐属（Erythrina）植物的主要成分有黄酮和生物碱。其中生物碱成分的结构类型主要为刺桐生物碱,药理作用主要有增强细胞毒性,抗焦虑,抗痉挛和DPPH自由基清除作用。本文对此属中分离得到的生物碱及其药理活性的研究现状进行综述,为今后对此属植物进一步研究提供参考。     

Phenolic Compounds from Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss and Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities

Halimodendron halodendron has been used as forage in northwestern China for a long time. Its young leaves and flowers are edible and favored by indigenous people. In this study, eleven phenolic compounds were bioassay-guided and isolated from the aerial parts of H. halodendron for the first time. They were identified by means of physicochemical and spectrometric analysis as quercetin (1), 3,5,7,8,4′-pentahydroxy-3′-methoxy flavone (2), 3-O-methylquercetin (3), 3,3′-di-O-methylquercetin (4), 3,3′-di-O-methylquercetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (5), isorhamentin-3-O-β-d-rutinoside (6), 8-O-methylretusin (7), 8-O-methylretusin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (8), salicylic acid (9), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (ferulic acid) (10), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamic acid (11). They were sorted as flavonols (1–6), soflavones (7 and 8), and phenolic acids (9–11). Among the compounds, flanools 1–4 revealed a strong antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 50–150 μg/mL, and median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 26.8–125.1 μg/mL. The two isoflavones (7 and 8) showed moderate inhibitory activity on the test bacteria. Three phenolic acids (9, 10 and 11) showed strong antibacterial activity with IC₅₀ values of 28.1–149.7 μg/mL. Antifungal activities of the compounds were similar to their antibacterial activities. All these phenolic compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity with a broad spectrum as well as antioxidant activity based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assays. In general, the flavonol aglycones with relatively low polarity exhibited stronger activities than the glycosides. The results suggest the potential of this plant as a source of functional food ingredients and provide support data for its utilization as forage as well.     

Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Jatropha curcas L. Kernel Meal Extract

Defatted Jatropha curcas L. (J. curcas) seed kernels contained a high percentage of crude protein (61.8%) and relatively little acid detergent fiber (4.8%) and neutral detergent fiber (9.7%). Spectrophotometric analysis of the methanolic extract showed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids and saponins with values of 3.9, 0.4 and 19.0 mg/g DM, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses showed the presence of gallic acid and pyrogallol (phenolics), rutin and myricetin (flavonoids) and daidzein (isoflavonoid). The amount of phorbol esters in the methanolic extract estimated by HPLC was 3.0 ± 0.1 mg/g DM. Other metabolites detected by GC-MS include: 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2 nitro-1,3-propanediol, β-sitosterol, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethy) and acetic acid in the methanolic extract; 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxymethy), acetic acid and furfural (2-furancarboxaldehyde) in the hot water extract. Methanolic and hot water extracts of kernel meal showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative pathogenic bacteria (inhibition range: 0-1.63 cm) at the concentrations of 1 and 1.5 mg/disc. Methanolic extract exhibited antioxidant activities that are higher than hot water extract and comparable to β-carotene. The extracts tended to scavenge the free radicals in the reduction of ferric ion (Fe(3+)) to ferrous ion (Fe(2+)). Cytotoxicity assay results indicated the potential of methanolic extract as a source of anticancer therapeutic agents toward breast cancer cells.     

Antioxidant and Biological Activities of Novel Structured Monoacylglycerol Derivatives with Phenolic Acids

Novel structured monoacylglycerol (MAG)-based phenolic lipids are synthesized from11-bromoundecanoic acid, phenolic acids, and solketal. Selected phenolic acids namely 4-hydroxy benzoic, vanillic, syringic, cinnamic, p-coumaric, sinapic, 4-fluorocinnamic, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic and dihydrocaffeic acids are employed for the synthesis of ten novel MAG-based phenolic lipids. The synthesized phenolic lipids are characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectra analysis. All the compounds are evaluated for antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. MAG derivative 8g of sinapic acid exhibits excellent antioxidant activity in both DPPH assay and inhibition of lipid oxidation assay. MAG derivative 8f bearing p-coumaric acid shows good antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25 µm mL⁻¹. All the synthesized compounds are found to exhibit cytotoxicity against B16, DU145, and CHO cell lines, while sinapic and p-coumaric acid derivatives exhibit better activities compared to other derivatives.     

具有生物活性的异戊烯基及香叶基黄酮类化合物

概述了近年来异戊烯基和香叶基黄酮类化合物生物活性的研究进展,并探讨构效关系及应用前景。     

Pyridine Compounds with Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activities

In the context of the new life-threatening COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, finding new antiviral and antimicrobial compounds is a priority in current research. Pyridine is a privileged nucleus among heterocycles; its compounds have been noted for their therapeutic properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, analgesic, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer’s, anti-ulcer or antidiabetic. It is known that a pyridine compound, which also contains a heterocycle, has improved therapeutic properties. The singular presence of the pyridine nucleus, or its one together with one or more heterocycles, as well as a simple hydrocarbon linker, or grafted with organic groups, gives the key molecule a certain geometry, which determines an interaction with a specific protein, and defines the antimicrobial and antiviral selectivity for the target molecule. Moreover, an important role of pyridine in medicinal chemistry is to improve water solubility due to its poor basicity. In this article, we aim to review the methods of synthesis of pyridine compounds, their antimicrobial and antiviral activities, the correlation of pharmaceutical properties with various groups present in molecules as well as the binding mode from Molecular Docking Studies.     

Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Scorzonera Species

The genus Scorzonera comprises nearly 200 species, naturally occurring in Europe, Asia, and northern parts of Africa. Plants belonging to the Scorzonera genus have been a significant part of folk medicine in Asia, especially China, Mongolia, and Turkey for centuries. Therefore, they have become the subject of research regarding their phytochemical composition and biological activity. The aim of this review is to present and assess the phytochemical composition, and bioactive potential of species within the genus Scorzonera. Studies have shown the presence of many bioactive compounds like triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, or caffeic acid and quinic acid derivatives in extracts obtained from aerial and subaerial parts of the plants. The antioxidant and cytotoxic properties have been evaluated, together with the mechanism of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and hepatoprotective activity. Scorzonera species have also been investigated for their activity against several bacteria and fungi strains. Despite mild cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines in vitro, the bioactive properties in wound healing therapy and the treatment of microbial infections might, in perspective, be the starting point for the research on Scorzonera species as active agents in medical products designed for miscellaneous skin conditions.     

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Types of Berries

Berries, especially members of several families, such as Rosaceae (strawberry, raspberry, blackberry), and Ericaceae (blueberry, cranberry), belong to the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds (BAC). They have delicious taste and flavor, have economic importance, and because of the antioxidant properties of BAC, they are of great interest also for nutritionists and food technologists due to the opportunity to use BAC as functional foods ingredients. The bioactive compounds in berries contain mainly phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and flavonols, and tannins) and ascorbic acid. These compounds, either individually or combined, are responsible for various health benefits of berries, such as prevention of inflammation disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or protective effects to lower the risk of various cancers. In this review bioactive compounds of commonly consumed berries are described, as well as the factors influencing their antioxidant capacity and their health benefits.     

含全氟异丙基的呋喃酰基硫脲类化合物的合成及生物活性

[目的]寻找具有高生物活性的农药先导化合物。[方法]以呋喃甲酸和全氟异丙基苯胺为起始原料,合成了12个未见文献报道的新型含全氟异丙基的呋喃酰基硫脲类化合物。[结果]通过1H NMR和MS确定了化合物的结构,并进行了生物活性测试。其中化合物4c、4k在500 mg/L质量浓度下对黏虫的死亡率大于80%;化合物4a、4d、4g在500 mg/L质量浓度下对黄瓜灰霉病的抑制率分别为34.78%、43.48%和23.08%。[结论]化合物具有一定的杀虫活性和杀菌活性。