Potential of Renewable Energies in Turkey

Turkey has a large economy and, thus, it expects a very large growth in energy demand. Today, Turkey’s economy is mainly dependent on oil, natural gas, and electricity. On the other hand, Turkey’s energy production meets nearly 35% of its total primary energy consumption. Turkey is an energy importing country. Turkey presently has considerable renewable energy sources. The most important renewable sources are hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. Turkey has about 1% of the total world hydroelectric potential and its significant potential for geothermal power production is ranked seventh in the world. This paper presents the energy situation and potential of the renewable energy sources in Turkey.     

基于节能减排的现代矿山采选模式

阐述了节能减排的定义和节能减排对现代矿山采选的意义,然后从节能减排的角度建立了现代金属矿山采选的新模式,并详细介绍了该模式在矿山采选中的主要技术与工艺,提出了在矿山采选中实行并促进节能减排的一些观点。     

体制机制创新:节能减排的关键点

“十二五”期间,我国将把大幅降低能源消耗强度和二氧化碳排放强度作为约束性指标,有效控制温室气体排放.我国节能减排的难度和压力将进一步加大,而节能减排对于实现我国到2020年的排放目标更是意义重大.因此,我们必须积极落实国家有关节能减排的政策,建立完善推动节能减排的体制机制.     

生活垃圾焚烧发电项目的节能与碳减排分析

介绍了某生活垃圾焚烧发电项目的节能与碳减排措施。以EB提供的针对垃圾焚烧的计算方法,详细计算了项目CO2减排量预算,预计第一个减排期CO2减排量可达77.7万t。     

Life-Cycle Analysis of Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Anaerobic Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste

Energy requirements and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for current landfilling of municipal solid waste (MSW) was compared to potential biodegradation of MSW in anaerobic digesters (AD) throughout the United States. A hybrid life-cycle analysis was completed to assess the potential for anaerobic biodegradation of MSW to methane, a valuable energy source. Conversion of MSW to methane in AD would generate a form of renewable energy, reduce GHG emissions, and save landfill space for nonbiodegradable materials. Based on laboratory- and pilot-scale studies conducted in the United States, full-scale data from facilities in Europe, and economic input-output life-cycle analysis, the annual 127 million t of MSW landfilled in the United States could be biologically converted to 5.9?billion?m3 of methane. Net methane production would have an estimated value of $1.5 billion/year when converted to an equivalent amount of electricity at an assumed value of $0.1/kWh. The 15 billion kWh/year of renewable energy released through the biodegradation process is estimated to satisfy the annual consumption of 1.3 million United States households. The analysis also suggests that diversion of MSW from landfills to AD systems would result in GHG emissions reductions of 146 million t CO2e per year, due to decreased landfill activity and use of biogenic methane instead of fossil fuel for electricity production. This represents a reduction in total emissions of 1.9% compared to U.S. GHG emissions in 2006. Nationwide AD systems are projected to reduce cumulative energy consumption by nearly 15 million TJ and reduce GHG emissions by 7.2 billion t CO2e, over a 50-year period. Logistics and capital costs of developing a nationwide reactor-based system for MSW management are considerable. Development of appropriate national policy and incentives would be needed to stimulate such a transition from the current landfill-based system that currently exists. It is estimated that a carbon emissions credit on the order of $30 to $60/t CO2e would facilitate break-even economics for nationwide implementation of AD systems. Alternatively, renewable energy credits would enhance the value of electricity produced from AD biogas. Carbon emissions taxes on landfills would further improve the economics of AD systems.     

炼铁领域节能减排技术的发展

在炼铁领域正研究的创新型节能技术主要包括日本的新一代高炉和预还原烧结矿.对余热余能回收研究的热点主要集中在烧结余热和高炉渣显热的回收利用上.关于CO2减排,除了降低燃料比和焦比外,目前研究的热点集中在炉顶煤气循环利用、寻找碳的可替代物作还原剂和回收高炉产生的CO2并加以有效利用.也介绍了炼铁领域SO2、NOx及二恶英减排技术的发展.     

Development and Life-Cycle Inventory Analysis of Wind Energy in Taiwan

This study conducted a life-cycle inventory analysis of wind energy utilization in Taiwan. Life-cycle stages of wind turbine manufacturing, foundation construction, as well as operation and disposal of the systems are considered. The functional unit is defined as per kWh of electricity generated by the wind power systems. In 2006, the electricity generated from wind power systems stands at 0.124% of the total electricity supply in Taiwan. Moreover, the estimated potential capacity of wind energy inland falls within the range of 1,656?to?6,624?MW. The resource inputs resulting from the life-cycle inventory analysis are: Steel 1.847?g, aluminum 0.043?g, copper 0.043?g, sands 0.045?g, glass 0.067?g, plastics 0.068?g, petrochemical products 0.024?g, and concrete 6.515?g (per kWh of electricity generated). The intensities of energy consumption and CO2 emission amount to about 0.05?MJ/kWh and 3.6?g/kWh, respectively. Furthermore, the payback time of energy input is estimated as 1.3?months.     

节能减排与经济发展方式的关系

节能减排成为提高企业竞争力的“助推器”。转变经济发展方式,是在探索和把握我国经济发展规律的基础上提出的重要方针,也是从当前我国经济发展的实际出发提出的重大战略。节能减排是转变经济发展方式的关键点。然而,我国的节能减排形势依然严峻,高耗能、高污染的产业仍在增长,国家节能减排政策措旌执行不力,完成我国“十一五”的节能减排目标任务艰巨。因此,我们必须采取更有力的措施,确保我国“十一五”期间节能减排目标的顺利实现,促进国民经济又好又快发展。     

组串式逆变器在大型并网电站中应用的经济可行性

逆变器是光伏电站的核心设备,它的选用对投资收益有重要的影响。本文通过对比组串式和集中式逆变器系统在投资成本、发电收益和维修成本上的差异,得出组串式逆变器在大型光伏电站中应用更具有经济可行性的结论。     

彩涂板生产线的节能与减排

介绍了彩涂板生产线的能源消耗量及目前的废气治理现状。阐述了彩涂板生产线排放物对环境的危害,提出了节能和废气治理的途径和方向。     

中美能源消费对比与产业节能减排效应测算

在自然灾害频发、全球气候变暖的挑战面前,中美两国在清洁能源等领域已开展合作。中国科学院预测科学研究中心从产业的角度研究了中、美两国各类能源的消费结构,将中国经济系统分为工业、商业、交通和民用四大产业,42个部门,对其能源消耗、二氧化碳排放和其他经济数据进行了测算,从中观层面分析得出中国目前的节能减排潜力主要在工业。对我国制定进一步的可再生能源发展规划和节能减排政策提出了建议。     

Productivity of Ocean-Wave-Energy Converters: Turbine Design

A study was undertaken to identify which of a range of advanced Wells turbine configurations would maximize wave power productivity. The productivity is estimated of a monoplane with fixed guide vanes, a monoplane with variable-pitch blades, and a high- and low-solidity biplane with counterrotating rotors. Two control mechanisms are investigated for the variable pitch configuration. Raleigh distributions based on a mean annual pneumatic power rating of 500 kW are utilized to generate the short and long-term variations of input power to be matched with experimental turbine performance data obtained from a steady-state test rig. It was found that productivity was relatively insensitive to turbine configuration but that a low-solidity counterrotating turbine had the best performance characteristic providing high peak efficiency and gradual onset of stall.     

首钢京唐公司节能减排实践

介绍了首钢京唐公司节能环保体系建设、节能减排技术应用、节能环保发展规划和节能减排取得的效果等实践内容。     

Interaction of Renewable Energy Policy and CO2 Emission Control Policy: Case Study

Cost-effective policy on renewable energy could be made based on information of renewable energy industry development and carbon dioxide control strategy. To analyze the interaction of renewable energy policy with CO2 control strategy, we developed a recursive linear planning model. The year 2004 is set as the base year. The target years are 2015, 2025, 2035, and 2045. Fujian province in China is selected as a case for the study. Calculation results show that in some instances, renewable energy subsidy policy and clean development mechanism incentive could not drive the market as policy makers expected. Careful design is required for renewable energy policy and carbon dioxide control policy, especially for developing countries. This study shows that a recursive linear program could be applied to an integrated study of renewable energy policy and carbon dioxide control policy.     

新疆节能减排形势浅析

回顾＂十一五＂新疆节能减排成效,对比＂十五＂、＂十一五＂节能减排变化,分析＂十二五＂新疆节能减排任务的紧迫与繁重,完成目标任务的有利条件和预期。     

优化供电设施降低电能损耗

随着武山铜矿扩产5000t/d技改项目的投产,原有的供电设施不能满足改造后的受电设备的供电能力。针对供电系统存在的问题进行分析,挖掘节能潜力,通过对供电设施进行改造,为供电系统的安全运行提供了可靠保证并取得显著的节能效果。     

杭钢3号高炉大修工程节能减排的实践

通过对杭钢3号高炉大修工程的设计总结,介绍了设计中采取的一些节能、减排、治噪措施,及高炉大修改造后的效果。     

钢铁厂节能温室气体减排现状及对策

钢铁行业是温室气体排放的主要行业之一,温室气体减排技术包括节能和温室气体利用两方面.介绍国外温室气体的减排现状、中国的能源现状及日本和美国目前主要的节能减排技术;着重介绍宝钢开展的减排工作,包括节能技术的推广应用、新的节能减排技术的研发应用,如蓄热燃烧技术、多孔介质燃烧技术等;提出了应对后京都时代的措施.     

电解铝节能减排实践探索

介绍了天泰铝业的"五低"生产工艺、新型阴极、穿孔阳极节能新技术以及取得的进步和成效。其综合交流电耗由2007年的14 644.9 kW·h/t-Al降至2012年的13 573.8 kW·h/t-Al。     

中国铝业公司节能减排实践

介绍了中国铝业公司开展节能减排的具体措施及取得的成效,这些措施在有色行业乃至更广的范围具有推广意义.