荞麦粉对高脂膳食大鼠体内抗氧化活性的影响

研究了荞麦粉（buckwheat,BW）对高脂膳食大鼠体内抗氧化活性的影响。将50只成年Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为基础对照组、高脂模型对照组、荞麦粉低、中、高剂量组（1、5、10g/kg·d）,喂养30d后,测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）的活性及丙二醛（MDA）的含量和肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及丙二醛（MDA）的含量;并观察主动脉结构。结果显示,荞麦粉中、高剂量组与模型对照组相比,荞麦粉可使高脂膳食大鼠血清SOD、GSH-PX的活性增强（p<0.05）及MDA的含量显著减少（p<0.05）;可使肝脏中SOD活性显著增强（p<0.05）,但MDA的含量显著减少（p<0.05）;主动脉光镜结构显示荞麦粉对高脂膳食大鼠肝脏具有保护作用。说明荞麦粉具有调节高脂膳食大鼠抗氧化的能力。      

樟树籽仁油对高脂诱导型肥胖小鼠体脂和血脂水平的影响

采用不同樟树籽仁油(CCSKO)含量的高脂饲料干预营养型肥胖小鼠,研究高脂饲料中樟树籽仁油的含量对樟树籽仁油降低营养型肥胖小鼠体脂和血脂效果的影响。正常C57BL/6小鼠饲喂基础饲料作为正常对照组(NC组),同时采用高脂饲料诱发C57BL/6小鼠产生营养型肥胖。将肥胖小鼠随机分为基础饲料恢复组(NR组)、高脂猪油组(HF组)、含21. 91%CCSKO(CCSKO替换25%猪油)的高脂饲料组(HF-25%CCSKO组)、含43. 83%CCSKO(CCSKO替换50%猪油)的高脂饲料组(HF-50%CCSKO组)、含87. 66%CCSKO(CCSKO替换100%猪油)的高脂饲料组(HF-100%CCSKO组),连续喂养10周,测定小鼠体重、体长、腹部脂肪质量及血清相关生化指标,分析肝脏组织切片。结果表明:HF-50%CCSKO组、HF-100%CCSKO组的体重、腹部脂肪质量和血清ALT、AST水平比HF组显著降低,HF-100%CCSKO组的TC、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C水平比HF组显著降低。HF-50%CCSKO组的TC、LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C水平与HF组相...     

Effect of a high linoleic acid diet on lipogenic enzyme activities and on the composition of the lipid fraction of fat and lean tissues in the pig

The aim of this study was to examine the influence of a high linoleic acid diet on lipogenic enzyme activities in pig tissues and on the dietetic quality of these tissues (subcutaneous adipose tissue, Semimembranosus and Diaphragma muscles). Pigs were fed diet M containing 4% of maize oil or diet T containing 4% of tallow from 40 to 100 kg live weight. We did not observe any differences in growth or slaughter performances that could be attributed to diet. Lipogenic enzyme activities were higher in the adipose tissue of pigs fed diet M. However, diet had no effect on lipogenesis in the muscles. The lipid, linoleic acid, and cholesterol contents were higher in the adipose tissue of pigs fed diet M whereas the oleic acid concentration of the adipose tissue was lower. No significant increase in the lipid content of either muscle was however observed in pigs fed diet M. The linoleic acid and cholesterol contents were higher in both muscles of pigs fed diet M than in muscles of pigs fed diet T.     

Effects of highly purified sardine proteins on lipid peroxidation and reverse cholesterol transport in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet

The effect of highly purified sardine proteins was compared with that of casein on serum and lipoproteins lipid peroxidation and reverse cholesterol transport. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, high density lipoproteins (HDL₂ and HDL₃) composition and serum lipid and lipoproteins peroxidation were determined in rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. Hypercholesterolemic rats were divided into two groups fed diets enriched with cholesterol and containing 20% of highly purified sardine proteins (SPc) or casein (CASc) for 28 days. A control group was fed a standard diet (CAS). Compared with CAS and CASc, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL)–HDL₁ in SPc were 3.5- and 1.7-fold higher compared with casein diets. TBARS in HDL₂ and HDL₃ were, respectively, 2.3- and 1.6-fold lower in SPc compared with CASc. In SPc group, LCAT activity was higher compared to CASc and CAS (P < 0.05). Purified sardine proteins had no beneficial effects on LDL-cholesterol and lipid peroxidation. However, they reduced HDL oxidation and improved reverse cholesterol transport, in the hypercholesterolemic rat.     

Effect of diet therapy on indicators of lipid metabolism in obese children

The effects of staged, readaptation dietetic management on the time course of changes in the body weight and lipid metabolism were studied in 40 children aged 10-15 years with constitutional exogenous obesity, stages II and III. It was based on a progressive metabolic readaptation of the sick body. Analysis of the data obtained indicates that dietetic management produces different effects in obese children, which attests to the gravity of metabolic disorders in overweight. This in turn may be evidence for disease heterogenicity. The conclusion is made about the necessity of exercising an individualized approach to the treatment of obesity and of taking additional measures aimed at normalization of metabolism and attainment of body weight regression.     

Effect of a linseed diet on lipid composition, lipid peroxidation and consumer evaluation of French fresh and cooked pork meats

Twenty castrated pigs [(Large-White × Landrace) × (Pietrain)] (52.9 ± 5.1 kg initial body weight) were fed a control or a linseed diet containing 4.2% of extruded linseed. Animals were slaughtered at 106.6 ± 3.7 kg live weight. There was no effect of diet on pig performance. Feeding the linseed diet increased the contents of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in chops (raw and cooked), chitterlings sausages, country style pâté, garlic sausages, liver pâté, and smoked belly. However, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level was not affected by the linseed diet. The linseed diet produced a robust decrease in the n−6/n−3 and linoleic acid (LA)/α-linolenic acid (ALA) ratios (<4). Feeding pigs with a high n−3 PUFA diet led to a decrease in the oxidative stability of chops, in contrast to smoked bellies for which thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values were not affected by the diet. However, there was no deleterious effect on consumer overall appreciation of the meat.     

Effect of a phosphatidylcholine-enriched diet on the structural and functional parameters of rat liver microsomes

The authors studied the influence of the diet enriched with phosphatidylcholine on the structural-functional parameters of microsomes: lipid peroxidation activity, the levels of cytochromes b5 and P-450, microviscosity of the lipid phase of the membrane. In experiments in vivo it was found that phosphatidylcholine per se, not combined with antioxidants, did not show antioxidant properties. Biological effects of lecithin could be explained by its role as a catalyst of the monooxygenase system in the liver, based on the correlation (r = +0.8) between the high level of cytochrome b5 and the degree of eximerization of the fluorescent probe pyrene in the microsomes.     

荞麦对高脂膳食大鼠肝脏中脂代谢相关酶及血清中蛋白的影响

本文研究荞麦(buckwheat,BW)对高脂膳食大鼠肝脏脂代谢相关酶及血清蛋白含量影响。将50只成年Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为基础对照组,高脂模型组,荞麦低、中、高剂量组,30 d后取血及肝脏,测定相关指标。结果表明,与基础对照组相比,高脂膳食大鼠体重增加,肝脏肝脂酶(HL)、脂肪酶(LPS)、脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)活性显著降低(p<0.05)。与高脂模型组相比,荞麦高剂量组大鼠体重增加量显著降低(p<0.05);荞麦中、高剂量组LPS、LPL活性显著增高(p<0.05),HL活性降低。各组大鼠血清总蛋白(TP)及白蛋白(ALB)变化差异不显著。相关性分析,荞麦粉剂量与HL、LPS、LPL活性呈现正相关关系,LPL与HL活性呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),LPS与LPL、HL活性呈显著正相关(p<0.05)。综上,荞麦干预高脂膳食可调节机体脂代谢相关酶活性。      

Effect of Lactobacillus-fermented adlay-based milk on lipid metabolism of hamsters fed cholesterol-enriched diet

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adlay milk and adlay-soymilk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus paracasei on lipid metabolism in hamsters fed with a cholesterol-enriched diet. Adlay milk and fermented adlay milk with or without soymilk administered to hamsters significantly decreased (p < 0.05) serum cholesterol levels and ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, when compared to a high-cholesterol diet group; there was also a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of fecal cholesterol and triglycerides. The group administered adlay milk fermented with L. plantarum or L. paracasei presented increased superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant status activity in the blood, thus relieving the levels of thinobarbituric acid reactive substances as compared to other treatment groups. Adlay milk and Lactobacillus-fermented adlay milk with or without a soymilk supplement, could be used as a potential cholesterol-lowering ingredient; it could also relieve hyperlipidemia-induced oxidative stress to improve hypercholesterolemia.     

Effect of selenium enriched diet on lipid peroxidation in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2

It was investigated the influence of a diet supplemented with selenium on the clinicometabolic parameters and the activity of lipid peroxidation in 43 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was indicated that under the influence of dietotherapy besides the decrease of glucose levels in capillary and venous blood, improvement of parameters of lipid metabolism, a reduction of malondialdehyde level and tendency to increase of glutathione peroxidase activity were observed. The results of investigations testify about sufficiently expressed efficacy of a diet supplemented with selenium in correction of oxidative stress and clinicometabolic parameters in this contingent of patients.     

Effect of amaranth seeds in diet on oxidative status in plasma and selected tissues of high fructose-fed rats

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of amaranth seeds in different doses, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by dietary fructose, on antioxidant status of selected rat tissues, erythrocytes and plasma. Fructose administration caused oxidative stress that was manifested by the increase in plasma malondialdehyde and by the decrease in the enzymatic antioxidant activity. Co-administration of amaranth seeds influenced the oxidative stress, as was evidenced by decreasing malondialdehyde in plasma and changing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, catalase, and plasma glutathione peroxidase). Our findings demonstrate that amaranth seeds can act as a moderate protective agent against fructose-induced changes. Our results suggest that the antioxidative system of plasma, heart and lungs is more efficient when amaranth seeds are present in the diet.     

Effect of a high-saccharose diet and a selenium supplement on proteinase activity in the mucosa of the rat small intestine

Influence of high-sucrose diet and high-sucrose diet supplemented with selenium on proteinase activity in rat small intestinal mucosa and on rats' growth has been examined. Being added to the diet, selenium raised cathepsin D activity and did not change the activity of alkaline proteinase. High-sucrose diet supplemented with selenium led to a two-fold increase in alkaline proteinase activity. The sucrose diet did not change the activity of the enzymes under consideration. The body growth of the animals fed selenium was significantly retarded.     

Effect of various levels of forage and form of diet on rumen development and growth in calves

The effect of form of starter grain (coarse vs. ground) and inclusion of various levels of hay on body weight gain and rumen development was evaluated. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of form of diet and forage inclusion on intake, growth, feed efficiency, and weaning age in dairy calves. Diets consisted of commercial coarse starter (C), ground starter (G), coarse starter with 7.5% bromegrass hay of consistent particle size (8 to 19 mm) (H1), and coarse starter with 15% hay (H2). In experiment 1, intake was held constant across treatments until weaning, when feed was offered ad libitum. Calves receiving H1 and H2 were heavier and had greater body weight gain and greater feed efficiency than calves receiving C. There were no differences in intake. Total volatile fatty acid concentrations were higher, and the proportion of acetate was lower for calves fed G vs. C. In experiment 2, calves (n = 56) were offered diets on an ad libitum basis and weaned according to intake. There were no differences in body weight gain, average daily gain, feed efficiency, and age at weaning with respect to treatment. Starter and total dry matter intake tended to be greater in calves fed H1 and H2 vs. C. The addition of controlled particle size hay to diets of young calves appears to favorably alter rumen environment, resulting in increased intake and improved feed efficiency. Forage of a consistent particle size can be successfully utilized in starter rations of young calves.