空气搅动的填料萃取塔性能实验研究

引　言气体搅动是一种外加能量的萃取方法 .与机械搅拌相比 ,气体搅动的萃取塔内无运动部件 ,操作稳定 ,结构简单 ,能耗低 .过去已有数篇关于气体搅动的混合 -澄清槽[1] 、喷洒塔[2～ 4 ] 、多级连续萃取器[5] 等无填料的萃取过程水力学性能和传质性能的文献报道 .而在填料塔萃取过程中加入气体搅动技术 ,一方面继承了填料可以有效地降低轴向返混的优越性能 ;另一方面 ,通过外加能量进一步强化液 -液两相接触与传质 ,提高传质系数 ,综合了外加能量的萃取技术和填料萃取技术的优点 .关于这方面的内容目前少有报道[6] .1　实验装置与实验方法…     

新型高效规整填料的性能研究

为了获得可靠的设计依据,实验在不同回流比条件下,用环己烷-庚烷和庚烷-甲苯2种二元测试物系对CDG1700Y和CDG2500Y型金属丝网规整填料的流体力学性能和传质性能进行了考察。实验结果表明,这2种填料的压降随着液体流量的增大而增大,单位填料层高度的HETP变化趋势则相反;CDG1700Y和CDG2500Y型填料具有较高的理论板数,且CDG1700Y型填料具有较大的操作弹性。在SRP(II)模型的基础上,获得了实验室条件下传质单元高度的经验关联式,其计算值与实验结果吻合较好,可以为化学交换法分离硼同位素的工业化提供理论指导。     

国产脉冲填料性能研究

在直径为262 mm有机玻璃塔内,用空气一水体系对国产50 mm陶瓷脉冲填料进行了流体力学性能的测试,得出了干、湿填料压降,载、泛点气速关联式。以Na_2SO_3溶液在钻离子催化下用空气氧化法测定了液相传质系数和有效表面,并对有效表面、载点气速提出了新的关联式。试验结果表明,国产脉冲填料与西德产脉冲填料一样,具有良好的流体力学性能和传质性能。     

塑料TGJ型填料的流体力学及传质性能研究

在内径φ６００ＭＭ塔中，以空气－氨－水为物系，对塑料ＴＧＪ型填料的流体力学及传质性能进行了研究。获得了该填料的几何特性、泛点填料因子、压降填料因子及传质系数等有关参数。结果表明，塑料ＴＧＪ型填料具有通量大、压降低、气液分布均匀、不易堵塞及传质性能良好等优点。     

塑料花环填料的流体力学及传质性能研究

本实验用空气-水-氨体系,在内径为φ600 mm的塔中,对塑料花环填料进行了流体力学及传质特性的测试。结果表明花环填料通量大、压降低、在高液体负荷下具有极好的传质性能,而且耐腐蚀、不易堵塞。实验测定的塔填料因子和传质系数有设计参考意义。     

高效规整填料的工业应用

随着新型填料的开发和应用,采用填料的效果要优于采用板式塔,这在许多装置的大型塔设备中已经得到很多应用。与板式塔相比较,填料塔具有效率高、压降和持液量小、放大效应不明显等特点,特别适用于分离高沸点或热敏性物质的蒸馏等过程。规整填料在石油化工等领域中得到了广泛的应用,成为提高产品产量、改进分离效果、节能降耗以及稳定操作的重要技术措施。     

金属IMPAC-1填料流体力学与传质性能的研究

在内径为500mm有机玻璃塔中,以空气、水为物系,对金属IMPAC-1型填料的流体力学及传质性能进行了实验研究,获得了该填料的几何特性、流体力学及传质性能数据。与INTALOX DG50相比,传质性能提高近20％以上。为方便工业应用,对数据进行了关联。     

塑料扁环填料流体力学及传质性能的研究

在内径φ30 0 mm塔中 ,以空气 -氨 -水为物系 ,对塑料扁环填料的流体力学及传质性进行了研究。获得了该填料的几何特性、泛点填料因子ΦF、压降填料因子ΦP及气相传质单元高度 HOG与气相传质系数 KGa,该研究结果对设计有参考价值。     

塑料花心球填料流体力学及传质性能研究

在φ600填料塔中。用空气-氨-水系统分别对φ30、φ40花心球形填料进行流体力学及传质特性实验研究。结果表明此种填料由于各向同性,对液体有良好的分散作用,其性能与同尺寸环矩鞍相当。     

复合填料萃取塔操作性能研究

在内径为０．１ｍ，高度为１．０ｍ的玻璃萃取塔中，对四种不同填料用低界面张力体系（正丁醇－丁二酸－水）研究了填料塔的流体力学和传质性能，实验结果表明，用其中的两种填料组合的复合填料萃取塔具有较大的通量和较高的传质效率，可望在工业装置中得到推广应用。     

Development of thermally conductive packing for gas separation

A new highly thermally conductive composite material made of activated carbon in-situ activated within a consolidated expanded natural graphite (CENG) matrix is developed in the specific case of gas separation processes. According to the particular chosen testing case of CO₂/N₂ mixture, the microporous characteristics of the adsorbent fraction have been selected and the various properties of the whole material studied. Activated carbon effective densities, overall thermal conductivities and external heat transfer coefficients up to 650 kg×m⁻³, 32 W×m⁻¹×K⁻¹ and 3000 W×m⁻²×K⁻¹ were obtained, respectively. Two macroscopic external shapes were realized, namely a corrugated-sheets static mixer and a multi-axial-diffuser cylindrical monolith which will be further tested in a pilot equipment for comparison with conventional adsorbents.     

经过表面处理的BHB250Y型填料在液液萃取中的应用

研究了规整填料的形状和特点,提出了合理改进方法,对填料表面进行光滑处理,应用于液液萃取单元操作中,采用新填料,提高了分离效率,解决了原来因分离物系中含有固体颗粒和杂质而堵塔的难题。结果表明,新填料到达了提高产量、提高分离效率以及克服堵塔的效果,带来了很好的经济和环境效益。     

煤气净化专用填料的开发及应用

对新型填料进行了水力学试验,结果表明该填料具有高通量、低压降的特性。应用在煤气脱硫装置中,系统的脱硫效率得到有效提高,抗堵性能也表现良好。     

Modeling and simulation of a liquid extraction column with structured packing

In this work mass transfer phenomenon of liquid–liquid extraction process with structured packing was modeled. The model was validated by means of fluid-dynamic and mass transfer tests, for mass transfer from the continuous to the disperse phase with n-butanol/succinic acid/water system. The effect on hold-up and outlet concentration profiles of each phase were evaluated when the incoming flow of the disperse phase was disturbed between 10 and 30%. Surface velocity of each phase and hold-up were considered in the model as functions of time. The continuous phase dispersion phenomenon was also taken into account. Deviation percentage average of 8% between the experimental data and the simulation results of the disperse phase composition in steady state were obtained. For the dynamic model the inclusion of the dispersion effect of the disperse phase and more experimental tests are recommended.     

分层填料旋转床气相流场的CFD模拟研究

分层填料旋转床(SP-RPB)是一种新型高效的化工过程强化设备,对气相阻力控制的吸收、精馏等传质过程有明显的强化作用。文中采用计算流体力学方法(CFD)对该结构旋转床内的气相流场进行了模拟研究,分析了流体流速、转子转速及填料转动形式对SP-RPB内部压力场、速度场和湍动能分布的影响规律。计算使用RNG k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法,填料层用多孔介质(Porous Media)模型,模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好。结果表明:SP-RPB内气相压降主要产生在填料区,切向速度远大于径向速度,流场以旋转场为主,湍动程度高于普通的旋转填料床,且湍动能沿径向的分布更为均匀,表明分层填料旋转床在强化气相传质方面比普通旋转填料床更具优势。     

Supercritical gas extraction of coal with hydrogen-donor solvents

An investigation of the effect of a hydrogen-donor component in the solvent used for supercritical gas extraction was undertaken. Extraction of three Australian coals with toluene, with decalin and with these solvents containing small amounts of tetralin was investigated. There was a significant improvement in conversion by addition of 5% tetralin to the solvent. Other hydrogen donors were also effective. The improvement in conversion was shown to be due to hydrogen donation rather than to a change in the physical properties of the solvent. The increase in conversion was greater for a brown coal than for a bituminous coal of the same hydrogen to carbon atomic ratio. The pre-asphaltene content of the extract increased with conversion.     

含硫气井新型高效溶硫剂体系的研制及评价

对溶硫剂二甲基二硫醚(DMDS)、二芳基二硫醚(DADS)进行复配,并加入催化剂PT,得到了去除气井开发中沉积的硫的有效配方。催化剂PT在DMDS-DADS-PT体系中的加量为15%,压力为0.10 MPa,磁力搅拌速率为420 r/min下,25℃时,硫在DMDS-DADS-PT体系中的溶解度为173.6%,溶硫时间为2.52 min;90℃时,硫在DMDS-DADS-PT体系中的溶解度为600.8%,溶硫时间为0.55 min。其性能优于美国SULFA-HITECH溶硫剂和加拿大DMDS-DMF-NaHS溶硫剂。     

Development of a more efficient emulsion liquid membrane system with a dilute polymer solution for extraction of penicillin G

So as to find a more efficient emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) system for extraction of penicillin G from simulated media, further study was done on batch and continuous ELM systems with a dilute polymer solution in addition to our previous ELM work examined in more detail in this work. The study was carried out in the batch ELM system varying membrane composition and Na₂CO₃ concentration in the internal phase. Compared to the previous work, the polymer-dissolved ELM system with higher concentrations of Na₂CO₃ in the internal phase and lower concentrations of surfactant in the membrane phase produced much higher extraction efficiency. Also, an optimized emulsion composition from the batch system was applied to continuous extraction of penicillin G in the extraction column of Oldshue–Rushton type, and in view of the fact that high enrichment ratio of penicillin G was still obtained, development of a practical ELM system for penicillin G extraction seemed feasible.     

新型高效规整填料塔在甲醇精馏生产中的应用

为了扩大甲醇装置的生产规模,上海焦化有限公司将原有20万t/a以浮阀塔技术为基础的精馏生产工艺改造成35万t/a的新型高效填料塔生产工艺。详细叙述了该工艺流程,介绍了各塔的内部结构和填料装填情况,分析了原料杂质含量、进料量、蒸汽量、回流比等因素对生产的影响,并讨论了液泛产生的原因和解决方法。