液化天然气储罐用超低温9Ni钢的研究及应用

9Ni钢是目前国内为缓解能源压力,建设液化天然气储罐所必须国产化的重要基础原材料.论述了9Ni钢的成分、组织结构与性能的关系.深入分析了9Ni钢的低温韧化机制,认为除了回转奥氏体外可能还有其它重要控制冈素,诸如奥氏体/铁索体界面结构、杂质元素含量等.提出应通过细化晶粒、提高钢的纯净度、添加合金元素等手段来改善9Ni钢的低温韧性,提高屈服强度,实现节约成本的目的.     

回火温度对9Ni钢低温韧度的影响研究

为了研究不同回火温度对9Ni钢低温韧度的影响,利用OM、SEM、TEM对试验钢微观组织和断口形貌进行观察分析,研究表明:在550~600℃范围内回火,9Ni钢强度和韧度达到最佳匹配,且其他各项性能也达到最佳;回转奥氏体、碳化物及回转奥氏体诱发马氏体相变等均对低温韧度产生重要影响。     

06Ni9钢热处理性能及组织结构

06Ni9钢在不同的热处理条件下性能变化较大，但二次淬火可提高钢低温韧性，这是由于残留奥氏体和组织结构稳定导致的双重效果。     

9Ni钢薄板的奥氏体化温度及强韧化因素分析

研究了奥氏体化温度对9Ni钢薄板组织性能的影响,并分析了薄板与厚板低温韧性差异的原因。奥氏体化温度高于800℃后,随着奥氏体化温度升高,奥氏体化温度对逆转奥氏体（γ′）的体积分数没有影响;奥氏体化后奥氏体晶粒尺寸减小,晶粒趋于等轴;组织均匀化程度提高;最终组织中取向差大于1 5°区域尺寸减小,低温韧性增加;板条或亚板条...     

06Ni9钢热处理工艺对组织性能的影响

因06Ni9（w（Ni）为9％）钢在不同的热处理条件下性能变化较大,则研究了二次淬火时06Ni9的微观组织结构,分析了组织演变规律及其对性能的影响。研究结果表明06Ni9钢二次淬火加回火后冲击韧性稳定提高,是由于残余奥氏体和组织结构稳定导致的双重效果。     

从拉伸应力-应变曲线分析06Ni9钢强韧性配合

06Ni9钢是适合于制作液化天然气储罐的低温钢，要求具有优良的强韧性配合。作者选择了4组06Ni9钢典型的拉伸应力-应变曲线，分析了曲线类型与其强韧性之间的关系。研究表明如果成分一定，拉伸曲线上有明显的屈服点和屈服平台，那么其强韧性配合良好，能够满足性能指标要求。同时认为屈服强度取决于回火后偏聚于刃型位错周围的碳原子浓度，而低温冲击韧度则取决于回转奥氏体及其中所含合金元素的数量和浓度。     

Ni元素对高碳纳米结构贝氏体钢组织和性能的影响

设计了含Ni和无Ni两种纳米结构贝氏体钢种,进行了不同温度下等温淬火热处理实验,目的是研究Ni对等温淬火纳米结构贝氏体钢相变、组织和性能的影响。结果表明,与连续冷却工艺不同,在等温淬火过程中,Ni元素的添加降低了贝氏体相变驱动力,减少贝氏体体积分数,同时使TTT曲线右移,减慢等温贝氏体相变动力学。此外,在等温淬火后,Ni元素的添加提高钢的冲击性能,但由于贝氏体量的减少和残余奥氏体的增多,使钢的拉伸性能降低。其次,随着相变温度的升高,含Ni钢和无Ni钢的强塑积略有增加。     

第四届低温用钢学术会议

国家科委冶金新材料组、中国金属学会特殊钢学术委员会第四届低温用钢学术会议于1982年10月6日至10日在柳州召开.参加会议的有31个单位51名代表.会议收到论文二十多篇,内容涉及低温用钢应用基础理论研究、材料性能测试、钢种研究的新成果等方面,反映了近两年来我国低温用钢领域科研、生产的概貌.会议论文反映了基础理论研究有一定深度.如以锰代镍钢的低温性能研究、低温钢物理性能的研究、9%Ni钢中回转奥氏体与低温韧性的研究、低温相变金相方法研究、铁基马氏体相变及其应用等方面都取得了新的进展;研究出一批新的低温材料其中有用于液氦温度的超导结构材料、超低温无磁不锈钢Cr13Ni9Mn9N、铁锰铝系的30Mn20A13无磁钢及低温钢、30Mn23Al4Cr5超低温无磁钢.会议评选出十篇优秀论文提交特钢学委会出版《特殊钢文集》,还酝酿了推选论文参加     

15Ni?15Cr ODS钢的微观结构与力学性能

氧化物弥散强化（Oxide dispersion strengthened, ODS）钢因其良好的高温力学性能和抗辐照性能被认为是钠冷快堆包壳材料的重要候选材料. 本文通过机械合金化以及热等静压和锻造工艺制备了15Ni?15Cr ODS奥氏体钢,并且采用相同工艺制备了不加氧化物的15Ni?15Cr奥氏体钢作为参比材料. 利用透射电镜对样品的微观结构进行分析,发现15Ni?15Cr和15Ni?15Cr ODS奥氏体钢晶粒尺寸分别为0.75和0.5 μm. 15Ni?15Cr ODS奥氏体钢中分布的氧化物弥散粒子主要为δ-Y₄Zr₃O₁₂以及少量的Al₂O₃. 15Ni?15Cr ODS奥氏体钢中氧化物弥散粒子的平均粒径为12.8 nm、数密度5.5×1022 m?3、粒子间距26 nm. 相比于15Ni?15Cr奥氏体钢,15Ni?15Cr ODS奥氏体钢具有更高的强度,但是高温塑性有所降低. 15Ni?15Cr ODS奥氏体钢的室温断裂机制为韧性断裂,高温断裂机制为韧–脆混合断裂.      

奥氏体不锈钢耐腐蚀原理是什么

在常温下具有奥氏体组织的不锈钢。钢中含Cr约18％、Ni8％-10％、C约0．1％时,具有稳定的奥氏体组织。奥氏体铬镍不锈钢包括著名的18Cr一8Ni钢和在此基础上增加Cr,Ni含量并加入Mo,Cu,Si,Nb,Ti等元素发展起来的高Cr—Ni系列钢。奥氏体不锈钢无磁性而且具有高韧性和塑性,但强度较低,不可能通过相变使之强化,仅能通过冷加工进行强化。如加入S,Ca,Se,Te等元素,则具有良好的易切削性。     

Banded Microstructure Formation and Its Effect on the Performance of 06Ni9 Steel

Focusing on the banded microstructure formed during the production of 06Ni9 steels for cryo-LNG,this paper examines its formation,distribution of alloying elements,structure,hardness,and low-temperature property.The results show that the banded microstructure formed after hot-rolling and cooling of the steel binct in which the element segregation occurred during solidification.The phase change during heat treatment also can cause the formation of the banded microstructure of 06Ni9 steel.The white bands are mainly composed of ferrite and reversed austenite,and the black bands are mainly composed of reversed austenite and a certain amount of ferrite.Element segregation and formation of more carbide caused some black regions to appear.Grain refinement of 06Ni9steel is beneficial to the formation of reversed austenite,the redistribution of alloying elements,improving the stability of austenite and the low-temperature toughness of steel.This steel easily undergoes nickel segregation;thus,undergoing a secondary quenching and tempering process is recommended.The refinement of martensite quenching above A c3,the martensite that is rich in nickel and carbon,residual austenite and a few little of ferrite after secondary quenching lower than A c3 are beneficial to the formation of high stability austenite.Thus,this can meet the strength and toughness requirement of the low temperature 06Ni9 steel.     

聚氯乙烯脱氯反应器不锈钢内衬抗腐蚀的研究

聚氯乙烯(PVC)在脱氯过程中会产生大量的HCl气体,而HCl具有很强的腐蚀性.对3种奥氏体不锈钢(00Cr17Ni14Mo3(316L)、0Cr18Ni9Ti(321)、1Cr18Ni9(302))进行抗HCl气体腐蚀实验,并对试样进行扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析.结果表明:不锈钢316L的抗HCl气体的腐蚀性能最好,在本研究条件下,不锈钢316L最适合用来作PVC脱氯反应器的内衬.     

氮对304奥氏体不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响

在０Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９奥氏体不锈钢成分基础上，加入一定的氮，并使钢中的镍含量控制在标准下限含量的条件下，研究了氮对组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：加氮后钢的强度提高，奥氏体稳定不变，固溶态组织不变，而敏化后晶界析出物类型有所不同。     

高耐蚀深冲用不锈钢00Cr17MoTiCu的开发

本文采用电化学、盐雾试验、酸溶液中的耐蚀性试验等腐蚀试验方法,评价了Cr、Mo、Ti、Cu等元素的作用,同时采用力学试验和各种成型试验方法探讨了上述元素的影响。根据试验结果成功地开发了既具有可以和1Cr18Ni9Tj相媲美的不锈耐蚀性能;又具有Cr17型不锈钢美观、价廉等特征的新型深冲用不锈钢00Cr17MoTiCu。该新型不锈钢可广泛应用于食品加工、厨房设备、轻工纺织、建筑五金等行业。     

A New Pb-free Machinable Austenitic Stainless Steel

 In the present paper, the machinability tests were conducted by using various processing parameters on a CA6164 lathe with a dynamometer. The metallurgical properties, machinability and mechanical properties of the developed alloy were compared with those of an austenite stainless steel 1Cr-18Ni-9Ti. The results have shown that the machinability of the austenitic stainless steels with free-cutting additives is much better than that of 1Cr-18Ni-9Ti. This is attributed to the present of machinable additives. The inclusions might be composed of MnS. Sulfur and copper addition contributes to the improvement of the machinability of austenitic stainless steel. Bismuth is an important factor to improve the machinability of austenitic stainless steel, and it has a distinct advantage over lead. The mechanical properties of the free cutting austenitic stainless steel are similar to that of 1Cr-18Ni-9Ti. A new Pb-free austenitic stainless steel with high machinability as well as satisfactory mechanical properties has been developed.     

硅对含强氧化性离子沸腾硝酸中奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性的影响

 超低碳Cr Ni奥氏体不锈钢在含强氧化性离子的硝酸溶液中会发生过钝化腐蚀和晶间腐蚀,而高硅不锈钢在强氧化性浓硝酸中具有优良的耐蚀性。笔者以高纯级000Cr25Ni20和00Cr14Ni14Si4钢作为对比材料,发现在纯稀硝酸中000Cr25Ni20钢具有更优良的耐蚀性,在不同含量的40%沸腾硝酸溶液中,00Cr14Ni14Si4钢可有效抑制过钝化腐蚀,而且不发生晶间腐蚀。     

Effect of Alloying on the Strength Properties and the Hardening Mechanisms of Nitrogen-Bearing Austenitic Steels after Hot Deformation and Annealing

The main mechanisms of hardening nitrogen-bearing austenitic steels that operate under various thermomechanical treatment conditions at various steel compositions are considered. The strength properties of the steels are shown to depend on the content of interstitial elements, namely, carbon and nitrogen, and the influence of these elements on the stacking fault energy is estimated. The ratios of the main alloying elements that favor an increase or a decrease in the stacking fault energy are found to achieve the desirable level of strain hardening provided that an austenitic structure of steel is retained.     

Development of nitrogen-alloyed stainless steel sheet products in Baosteel

Nitrogen plays a vitally important role for improving properties for stainless steels in many aspects.In this paper,the physical metallurgy behavior and the beneficial effects of nitrogen on corrosion resistance and other mechanical properties of stainless steels were summarised.Based on nitrogen alloying,various stainless steel products,such as austenitic,duplex and martensitic staniless steels were developed with enhanced properties,such as corrosion resistance,mechanical strength and weldability,among other things.     

New Stainless Steel Solutions as Economic Alternatives to Classical 1.4301 Austenitic Grades

In the recent situation of a historically high nickel price, austenitic stainless steels, such as 1.4301, became too expensive compared to their actual technical value in many applications. This paper presents two new stainless steel grades developed by ArcelorMittal to replace 1.4301. The first one is a 20%Cr ferritic grade. The second one is a low‐Ni Cu‐bearing austenitic grade. The choices in the compositions are described as a function of the technical requirements, economical target and the production process limitations. The final properties are discussed as a function of the composition and compared with 1.4301 and other existing stainless steels. Finally, the complementarities of these two new grades are highlighted in regard to the different application markets considered.