采用单片机的仪表中V／F的温度补偿技术

V/F转换器(即电压/频率转换器)由于其具有价格便宜、应用电路与接口简单等优点,在智能仪表中得到广泛的应用.但是,环境温度的变化对V/F转换器及其外围电路影响比较大,致使输出频率发生漂移,如何解决这个问题就成了设计时的关键.本文就智能控制仪中的V/F转换器温度补偿问题作一探讨.以LM331型V/F转换器在智能温度控制仪(0～300℃)中的应用情况为实例,介绍V/F转换器的温度补偿方法.LM331的外围线路图如图1所示.U_2为LM331型V/F转换器.V_(IN)为进入V/F转换器的电压,转换后的频率信号f_(OUT)由LM331的第3脚输出.V/F转换器的输入电压与输出频率的关系可用下式表示:f_(OUT)=V_(IN)/2.09V×R_s/R_L×1/R_TC_T (1)从上式可以看出在R_s、R_L、R_T、C_T恒定的的情况下,输出频率与输入电压成正比.但是,在输入信号不变的情况下,当环境温度发生较大变化时,R_s、R_L、R_T、C_T     

廉价隔离型高精度D/A转换器

介绍隔离型高精度D/A转换器的设计方法由单片机89C52产生PWM,经过光电隔离和一个双RC电路,将数字信号转换为直流电压信号,再经过电压/电流转换电路(V/I),输出0～20 mA电流信号;通过软件校正,达到较高的精度.     

廉价隔离型高精度D／A转换器

介绍隔离型高精度D/A转换器的设计方法:由单片机89C52产生PWM,经过光电隔离和一个双RC电路,将数字信号转换为直流电压信号,再经过电压/电流转换电路(V/I),输出0～20 mA电流信号;通过软件校正,达到较高的精度。     

线性辅助的DC-DC电压转换器的设计

给出了一个片上CMOS线性辅助的电压转换器的设计。一方面,一个线性辅助稳压器可以用来取消输出电压纹波,并可以对负载的变化作出比较迅速的反应;另一方面,并行连接的开关转换器几乎提供了负载的全部输出电流。这种电路连接方式减小了电路上的热损耗,极大地提高了电压转换器的效率。因此,在低等到中等电流消耗的电源系统中,这种设计具有自身的优势。     

单片电流模式降压型DC-DC转换器的设计

设计了一款内置功率MOSFET的电流模式降压型DC—DC转换器。该DC／DC转换器采用PWM控制，在传统的PWM结构上加入电流反馈环路，改善了传统电压模式DC／DC的缺点，能够取代国际上流行的三端可调线性稳压器。该转换器具有瞬态响应快，启动过冲小，输出纹波小，输出电压可调等特点。正常工作情况，输入电压5～25V，输出电流2A，工作频率400KHz。采用0．8μm BiCMOS工艺模型进行了Spectre模拟，并且制作了该芯片。经过验证，各项指标符合设计要求。     

V／F与F／V转换器应用指南

Ｖ／Ｆ与Ｆ／Ｖ转换器应用指南（１０００８１北京海淀区白石桥路甲２４号英斯泰克电气工程公司）高光天电压／频率转换器Ｖ／Ｆ转换器（ＶＦＣ）可把模拟电压或电流转换成与逻辑电路兼容（通常为ＴＴＬ）的脉冲串或方波，其输出频率与模拟量呈精确比例关系。输出频率连续...     

电流检测器MAX4373／4／5

MAX4373/4/5是一种低价位、微功耗电流检测器集成电路。主要特点:该器件内部除有电流检测放大器外,还集成了电压比较器及基准电压源,提高了电流检测精度;微功耗,工作电流典型值50μA;工作电压范围宽,从2.7V到28V;输入失调电压低,最大值1mV;电流检测精度在全量程内2%(最大值);内部能隙式基准电压源精度±1.6%;比较器输出锁存;器件有三种不同增益可选择: 20V/V、 50V/V及100V/V;共模式电压范围宽,从0V到28V,并且与电源电压无关。该器件组成的电流检测器、过流保护器及电流监测器等主要应用于:笔记本电脑、便携式电池供电系统、智能电池组、充电器、蜂窝电话、电源管理系统、控制系统的电流监测、控制及精密电流源等。     

效率高达98%的同步升压型控制器无需散热器

<正>凌力尔特公司(Linear Fechnology Corporation)近日推出同步升压型DC/DC控制器LTC3786,该器件以一个高效率N沟道MOSFET取代了升压二极管,这样就可以去掉中高功率升压型转换器中通常所需的散热器。在输入电压可能超过稳定输出电压的应用中,LTC3786能保持同步MOSFET连续接通,以便输出电压以最低功耗跟随输入电压。LTC3786的55μA低静态电流延长了电池供电应用在备用模式时的运行时间。这个控制器能以高达98%的效率从12 V输入     

高精度低温度系数带隙基准电压源的设计

基于0.5μm双层多晶双层铝CMOS工艺,采用共源共栅电流镜结构和基极电流补偿方法,设计了一种新颖的高性能带隙电压基准.结果表明,在温度-25℃～125℃范围,基准电压温度系数为15.3×10-6V/℃,低频时,电源抑制比可达-80db.该电路可做为A/D和D/A转换器中的基准电压源.     

系出名门 施耐德电气车载设备

正选择像施耐德电气车载转换器、双USB车载充电器这种出身名门的产品远比在这上面节省几十块钱而埋下隐患聪明得多。产品信息价格厂商电话网址499元、109元施耐德电气(中国)有限公司400-810-13158http://schneiderelectric.tmall.com/配置信息名称输入电压输出电压总输出功率双USB输出施耐德电气车载转换器12V230VAC 50Hz50W车载转换器、双USB车载充电器     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.