Structural and composition analysis of Apex™ and Foturan™ photodefinable glasses

Little is known about photostructurable glasses when compared to quartz and the other glass families. This article investigates optical and thermal behavior of the two commercially produced Apex? and Foturan? photosensitive glasses in relation to their composition. A composition analysis is performed on the two glasses using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and UV spectroscopy. Cerium and silver were found to exist at higher concentrations in Foturan than in Apex glass. Difference in transmission in the 240–340 nm window is mainly attributed to the different concentrations of cerium and silver in the glasses. Infrared transmission in the range of 2.7–5.0 μm is improved following an annealing process. Structural stability over a different range of temperatures in the two photosensitive glasses is investigated, and is attributed to the silica content at the expense of lithium oxide. Raman spectroscopy shows that the UV-exposed-then-baked photosensitive glass, results in the formation of a uniform crystalline-phase lithium metasilicate with a preponderantly Q₂ species.     

Dy3+-doped nano-glass ceramics comprising NaAlSiO4 and NaY9Si6O26 nanocrystals for white light generation

The radiative emission properties of the Dy³⁺ ions in oxyfluoride glasses and glass ceramics have been investigated for the generation of white light. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the glass ceramics reveals the presence of NaAlSiO₄ nanocrystals along with secondary phase of NaY₉Si₆O₂₆ in the glass matrix after a suitable thermal treatment of the pristine glasses. Intense white light emission has been observed when the samples are excited with 350 nm light. Yellow to blue emission intensity ratios and chromaticity color coordinates have been determined from the visible luminescence spectra. All color coordinates are found to lie in the white region of the chromaticity color diagram proposing the suitability of the present studied materials for color display devices.     

烧结温度对硼硅基质荧光玻璃发光性能影响

采用共烧结法制备了硼硅基质Ce: YAG荧光玻璃,研究了烧结温度在600℃~900℃范围内, Ce: YAG荧光玻璃的发光强度变化和色坐标漂移规律。结果表明, 随着烧结温度的升高, Ce: YAG荧光玻璃发光强度先增强后减弱, 700℃烧结时, 荧光玻璃获得最大发光强度; 超过850℃烧结时, 荧光玻璃无发光性能; 同时, 色坐标(x, y)发生漂移, 且比相同烧结温度的荧光粉漂移幅度大。通过X射线粉末衍射仪、差示扫描量热分析仪和X射线光电子能谱分析仪测试分析表明: 随着烧结温度升高, 荧光粉中的Ce³⁺被玻璃基质氧化成Ce⁴⁺, 玻璃液体腐蚀破坏了荧光粉YAG晶体结构, 降低了荧光玻璃的发光强度, 从而导致色坐标劣化漂移。     

聚乙二醇对嵌段聚氨酯型固-固相变储能材料的影响及性能分析

以不同分子量聚乙二醇(PEG)、4,4'-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDDI)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为原料,采用两步法合成了一系列聚氨酯类材料.通过热重分析(TG)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)确定其化学组成,通过偏光显微镜(POM)、X射线衍射(XRD)进行了材料形态结构分析.同时,改变聚乙二醇在材料中所占质量分数...     

Structure and crystallization behaviour of Li2O-Fe2O3-SiO2 glasses

Iron-containing lithium disilicate glasses, other silicate and borate glasses, and crystallized lithium disilicate glasses have been studied by Raman spectroscopy, luminescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. In the as-quenched glasses the presence of iron leads to a strong Raman band at 950 cm^–1 and to a broad Raman scattering continuum below 500cm^–1. There is also an emission due to trivalent iron at about 14000cm^–1 Lithium metasilicate has been identified in all crystallized glasses with more than 1% Fe₂O₃. It was possible to crystallize some of the glasses by irradiating them with intense blue laser light, and Raman spectra of various stages of photocrystallization have been obtained. By comparing the Raman spectra of the crystallized glasses with those of as-quenched glasses it is deduced that the trivalent iron has its own distinct local environment in the glass.     

Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺CaO-B2O3-SiO2发光玻璃的制备及发光性能研究

采用高温熔融法制备了Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺杂的CaO-B2O3-SiO2发光玻璃材料,并用荧光分光光度计和CIE色度坐标对其发光性能进行了研究。发射光谱表明,在374nm激发下,Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺杂CaO-B2O3-SiO2发光玻璃的发射光谱中同时观测到了红橙光、蓝光和绿光的发射带,这些发射带的混合实现了白光发射。此外,在Sm2O3和Tb4O7含量不变的情况下,随着CeO2含量的减小,Sm3+/Ce3+/Tb3+共掺杂发光玻璃的发光颜色在白光区逐渐由蓝光区附近过渡到黄光区附近。     

Spectral studies on CuO in sodium–calcium borophosphate glasses

Transparent borophosphate glasses doped with CuO were prepared by melt quenching technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical and luminescence properties of sodium–calcium borophosphate glasses doped with CuO have been studied. The XRD results showed the amorphous nature of the sample. The introduction of CuO was favourable for the colour changes from light blue to dark bluish green colour. Direct optical energy bandgaps before and after doping with different percents of copper oxide obtained in the range 4.81–2.99 eV indicated the role of copper in the glassy matrix by ultraviolet (UV) spectra. The glasses have more than 80% transparency for emission wavelength range, and strong absorption bands due to the charge transition of the Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions were observed. The emission bands observed in the UV and blue regions are attributed to 3d⁹4s–3d¹⁰ triplet transition in Cu⁺ ion.     

B_2O_3-La_2O_3-ZnO系统的分相析晶及其控制

采用 TEM、SEM、DTA 和 X 射线衍射等手段研究了 B_2O_3-La_2O_3-ZnO(简称 BLZ)系统玻璃的分相、析晶及其控制。研究指出,BLZ 系玻璃在高硼区有很强的分相倾向易导致析晶。通过引入 BaO 可抑制该系统玻璃的分相倾向,其引入量与 BLZ 系玻璃的组成有关。除此,还研究了 BLZ 系玻璃的析晶与热历史的关系。     

The effects of PEG assisted synthesis and zinc addition on gamma irradiated bioactive glasses

Zinc containing bioactive glasses were prepared by means of sol–gel procedure, in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) considered as surfactant agent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) were employed to reveal the bioactive glass response to gamma irradiation in terms of defects generation. The results proved that gamma irradiation induces structural changes within the glass matrix, which are strongly dependent on the sample composition. ZnO addition to the glasses network was found to confer structural stability against gamma irradiation, while the use of PEG during the samples preparation favoured the generation of network defects especially in ZnO containing samples.     

碘化亚铜微晶掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃的制备及其电致二阶非线性光学效应

采用可分相的Na2－Al2O3－B2O3－SiO2系为基础玻璃，以CuO／SnO、NaI为原料；分别引入Cu 、I－，成功地制备出CuI微晶掺杂硼硅酸盐玻璃·通过X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）分析观察到了玻璃中的晶相及其分布；由玻璃的室温透射光谱研究了玻璃的热处理条件与光吸收性的关系．首次报道了该半导体微晶掺杂玻璃中的电致二次谐波发生，并讨论了该效应的机理．     

Influence of modifier oxides on some physical properties of antimony borate glass system doped with V2O5

Three series of glasses, of the composition 20 MO (M = Ca, Pb, Zn)–40 Sb₂O₃–(40 − x) B₂O₃:xV₂O₅, with six values of x ranging from 0 to 1 mol% were prepared. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, EDS and differential scanning calorimetric techniques. The comparison of DSC data among the three series has indicated high glass forming ability for ZnO mixed glasses. Dielectric properties over a range of frequency and temperature, optical absorption, ESR spectra at room temperature and IR spectra have been investigated. The variations observed in all these properties due to different modifiers as a function of the concentration of V₂O₅ have been analyzed in the light of different oxidation states and environment of vanadyl ions in these glasses. The analysis of these results indicated that the ZnO mixed glasses are more stable against devetrification and possess high insulating strength when compared with PbO and CaO mixed glasses.     

航空有机玻璃环境－应力开裂的研究2．取向的影响

本文对比了定向和非定向三号航空有机玻璃在乙醇作用下的应力－溶剂银纹临界应力σｃ、银纹形貌及吸水和紫外光辐照对这两种材料的影响，并就取向对航空有机玻璃抗环境－应力开裂能力的影响及机理进行了分析     

一步水热模板法制备Cu-TiO2异质结构纳米粒子（英文）

以聚乙二醇(PEG)为软模板剂,采用一步水热法合成了具有异质结构的铜–二氧化钛复合纳米粒子.利用X射线衍射谱(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分别对制备材料的相组成、微观结构进行了研究.结果表明,一步水热法制备的异质纳米粒子由单一立方相铜和锐钛矿相二氧化钛组成.高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)在单一粒子中观测到清晰的铜(101)和二氧化钛(111)晶面构成的界面.该界面有助于二氧化钛光生电子–空穴对的分离.同时,所制备纳米粒子的颗粒尺寸和光吸收特性可以通过改变PEG分子链长进行微调.本研究还对水热过程的反应机理进行了讨论,结果表明:PEG与铜氨络合物通过氢键连接,其链长对于粒子尺寸的影响在于PEG对Cu颗粒的尺寸进行的调节,而此过程中二氧化钛的晶粒尺寸并无明显变化.紫外–可见吸收光谱表明该异质纳米粒子与普通二氧化钛纳米粉体相比,对可见光区光谱有较为强烈的吸收.该界面纳米材料是一种有潜在应用价值的光催化材料和太阳能电池材料.     

Synthesis,self-assembly,and characterization of PEG-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as potential MRI contrast agent

Aim: Investigated the self-assembly and characterization of novel antifouling polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as nanoprobes for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent. Method: Monodisperse oleic acid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide cores are synthesized by thermal decomposition of iron oleate. The self-assembly behavior between iron oxide cores and PEG-lipid conjugates in water and their characteristics are confirmed by transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Result: Dynamic light scattering shows superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with PEG are stable in water for pH of 3–10 and ionic strengths up to 0.3 M NaCl, and are protein resistant in physiological conditions. Additionally, in vitro MRI study demonstrates the efficient magnetic resonance imaging contrast characteristics of the iron oxide nanoparticles. Conclusion: The result indicates that the novel antifouling PEG-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles could potentially be used in a wide range of applications such as biotechnology, MRI, and magnetic fluid hyperthermia.     

Synthesis,structural, thermal and optical properties of TeO2–Bi2O3–GeO2–Li2O glasses

In this study, synthesis and characterization of novel quaternary tellurite glass system TeO₂–Bi₂O₃–GeO₂–Li₂O is presented. The compositions include TeO₂ and GeO₂ as glass formers while different proportion of Bi₂O₃ and Li₂O act as network modifiers. Differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, UV–Vis and Raman spectroscopy are applied to study the structural, thermal and optical properties of the studied glasses. Obtained glasses possess a relatively low glass transition temperature (around 300 °C) if compared to other tellurite glasses, show good thermal transparency in the visible and near infra-red (from 2.4 to 0.4 μm) and can double the frequency of laser light from its original wavelength of 1064 nm to its second-harmonic at 532 nm (i.e. second harmonic generation).     

Microstructure and optical absorption of silver granules in oxide glasses produced by ion-exchange and reduction treatments

An electron micrographic investigation has been carried out on two oxide glasses containing alkali ions and subjected to a sodiumsilver ion-exchange followed by reduction treatments at various temperatures. The presence of metallic silver in the silver-rich droplet phases has been confirmed by selected-area electron diffraction. The silver-rich phases are found to have diameters ranging from 3 to 50 nm. The nucleus density of these particles is found to have a maximum value at temperatures in the range 250 to 300° C. The optical absorption spectra of the reduced glasses show a maximum around a wavelength of 400 nm. Maxwell-Garnett theory has been used to calculate the optical absorption and the predicted wavelength for maximum absorption is in reasonable agreement with the experimental value.     

Scintillating Fluorohafnate Glasses

Data are presented on the roentgenoluminescence and gamma-radiation resistance of Ce³⁺-doped fluorohafnate glasses prepared under different redox conditions and containing different additions. The glasses are shown to contain several types of luminescence centers and radiation-induced color centers, whose concentrations are governed by the preparation conditions and the nature of the dopants. The radiation resistance and light output of the glasses can be notably enhanced by optimizing the preparation conditions and introducing certain additions.     

Crystallization characteristics of amorphous Fe-Si-B alloys

Crystallization of soft magnetic Fe-Si-B glasses was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Electron micrographs of the successive crystallization stages of some Fe-Si-B glasses were obtained and the morphology variations for different alloy compositions were determined. The compositional dependence of the crystallization mode exhibited by the Fe-Si-B glasses was analysed, and on this basis some suggestions about crystallization rules in these glasses are proposed. Two kinds of iron—silicon phases occurred, depending on the Fe-Si-B alloy composition: bcc Fe(Si) solid solution and an ordered solid solution on the structural basis of Fe₃Si iron suicide. It is suggested that the metastable Fe₃B phase (observed during crystallization of only few glasses) was not a simple consequence of boron content. Crystallization of the Fe₃B phase was related to the formation of the iron—silicon phase which was produced during the first crystallization stage.     

Surface crystallization and second-order optical non-linearity in Gd2O3–Bi2O3–B2O3 glasses

Some ternary Gd₂O₃–Bi₂O₃–B₂O₃ glasses are prepared, and crystallization behavior and second harmonic intensity are examined to develop new non-linear optical crystallized glasses. The glasses with Gd₂O₃ contents of 8–14 mol% have large densities of over 6 g/cm³ and large refractive indices of ～ 1.9. Transparent surface crystallized glasses consisting of two kinds of crystalline phases with different morphologies, i.e. plate shape and needle shape crystals, are fabricated by heat-treatment at temperatures between glass transition and crystallization temperatures. From second harmonic generation microscope observations, micro-Raman scattering spectra and XRD analyses, plate shape crystals are determined to be non-linear optical Gd_xBi_1KxBO₃ and needle shape crystals are Bi₃B₅O₁₂ having no second-order optical non-linearity. Since crystallized glasses consisting of Gd_xBi_1KxBO₃ crystals exhibit relatively strong SHGs, they have a high potential for application to light control devices.     

Photoluminescence and energy transfer study of Er3+ and Dy3+ codoped tellurite glasses

Photoluminescence properties of the Er(3+)-Dy3+ codoped tellurite glasses were studied by absorption and visible emission spectra, which revealed luminescence bands of both Er3+ and Dy3+ when pumping with the wavelength of 325 nm. The concentration quenching occurred as Dy3+ concentration increased beyond 3 mol%. The dependence of Er3+ characteristic emission on Dy3+ concentration indicated energy transfer process between Er3+ and Dy3+. The chromaticity coordinates of these glasses are close to white light, which implies that these glasses might be potential candidates for white lighting through an appropriate combination.