基于动态环境变量的太阳电池模型研究

为研究动态环境变量与太阳电池输出特性的关系,在分析太阳电池工程数学模型的基础上,根据MPPT算法和电池外特性,提出2种新的电池模型表征思路。建立动态环境变量与开路电压U_(oc)、短路电流I_(sc)、最大功率点电压U_m、最大功率点电流I_m和最大功率点功率P_m这5个太阳电池输出特性参数之间的联系,并在Matlab/Simulink平台上搭建对应的仿真模型。同时,通过温度变化对太阳电池输出特性影响的试验,说明模型的有效性。试验结果表明基于MPPT算法的太阳电池模型相较于基于外特性的仿真模型计算结果误差率更低,但计算过程更复杂。     

非均匀光照下染料敏化太阳电池组件的输出特性与功率损失

通过分析偏压条件下染料敏化太阳电池的电流电压特性,给出遮挡情况下染料敏化太阳电池组件的电学模型。模拟分析部分遮挡情况下,染料敏化太阳电池组件的输出特性和功率损失,以及反向导通时染料敏化太阳电池的负载特性。结果表明:部分遮挡情况下并联组件中被遮挡电池处于正偏压下,由于难以被击穿,能耗极小。串联组件中被遮挡电池易工作在负偏压区域而成为耗能负载,但作为负载的功率较低。     

基于一条I-V曲线提取硅太阳电池参数的一种新方法

依据硅太阳电池的短路电流Isc，开路电压Voc，最大功率点电流Imp，最大功率点电压‰等特性参数，结合电流方程在最大功率点处的极值表述，建立求解3个电性参数的封闭方程组，解出硅太阳电池的3个待定参数从而确定出硅太阳电池的电流方程。拟合的曲线与实验数据相比，结果证明了文中所提方法的正确性和可行性。     

基于一条Ⅰ-Ⅴ曲线提取硅太阳电池参数的一种新方法

依据硅太阳电池的短路电流I_(sc),开路电压V_(oc),最大功率点电流I_(mp),最大功率点电压V_(mp)等特性参数,结合电流方程在最大功率点处的极值表述,建立求解3个电性参数的封闭方程组,解出硅太阳电池的3个待定参数从而确定出硅太阳电池的电流方程。拟合的曲线与实验数据相比。结果证明了文中所提方法的正确性和可行性。     

硅太阳电池电源

一、硅太阳电池电源结构硅太阳电池电源的典型电路如图1所示。它一般由硅太阳电池方阵、蓄电池组和配电箱等部分组成。配电箱内装有直流电流表和直流电压表,分别用来测量短路电流、开路电压、充电和负载的电流与电压,以监视太阳电池方阵工作是否正常。在配电箱内还装有防反充二极管,可防止在光弱或无光照时,蓄电池通过太阳电池方阵放电。有些硅太阳电池电源还装有防过充电路、稳压电路、向日自动跟踪器、聚光器等装置。太阳电池方阵有平板式和聚光式两种。电池方阵根据用电负载对电压和功率的要求,用一定数量的单体太阳电池串、并联组装而成。平板武方阵只需将单     

太阳能电池的使用方法

单片的太阳电池,输出的功率是很小的。为了满足实际应用中功率输出的需要,一般要把许多个单片太阳电池进行串联和并联,组合成太阳电池组。为了升高电压,应采用串联的办法,单片电池串联时,输出电压为各单片电池的电压之和。为了增大输出电流,就要采取并联的办法,单片电池并联以后,输出电流是各单片电池输出电流之和。在实际应用时,有两种不同的接法     

聚光太阳能光伏模组等效电路模型及参数提取

以单p-n结电池的双二极管模型为基础,借助11个未知参数,建立35片三结电池以电气连接串联而成的聚光光伏模组等效电路模型。以单片聚光三结电池开路电压和短路电流两者的温度系数为限制条件,采用数学迭代法拟合模组在576倍聚光下测量的I-V曲线。从逼近开路电压点、短路电流点、最大功率点等方面讨论模组参数对拟合结果的影响,最终提取出11个参数的最优组合。决定系数R2=0.95,表明拟合结果与实验数据符合度高。研究结果为提取聚光三结太阳电池的性能参数提供了有效方法,也为聚光太阳能光伏模组的相关特性分析奠定了理论基础。     

太阳电池模型参数对并联组件输出特性的影响

根据太阳电池I-V方程和基本电路联接理论,推导出选择具有相同最大功率点电压V_m的单体太阳电池组成并联组件可以获得最大输出功率;分别计算出二极管理想因子A,短路电流I_(sc),反向饱和电流I_o,电池串联内阻R_s对最大功率点电压V_m和组件失配损失的影响,确定出对它们影响最大的模型参数是二极管理想因子A。     

用于晶硅异质结太阳电池的透明导电薄膜研究进展

提升晶硅异质结（HJT）太阳电池的电流有望进一步提高电池效率,透明导电氧化物薄膜（TCO）是影响HJT太阳电池电流的重要功能层。该文首先介绍了TCO薄膜的自身特性,包括掺杂元素和掺杂比例、制备技术对薄膜特性的影响。同时总结了薄膜特性对HJT太阳电池性能的影响。最后阐述了TCO薄膜应用的最新进展及发展趋势,增加盖帽层或多层TCO薄膜有望改善薄膜整体特性及电池性能。以期指导TCO薄膜特性的优化,从而进一步提高HJT太阳电池效率,加快HJT太阳电池产业化进程。     

直流微电网储能变流器动态下垂控制研究

考虑直流微电网功率分配和母线稳定性问题,提出一种基于储能电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的储能变流器动态下垂控制方法,通过在下垂控制系数中引入储能电池实时SOC值,使负荷差额功率在并联储能电池之间根据自身SOC值进行动态分配,实现功率输出和SOC的均衡;并通过增加直流母线电压二次控制和补偿虚拟阻抗...     

Steady-state and dynamic performance analysis of PV supplied DC motors fed from intermediate power converter

The steady-state and transient performance of PM and series motors coupled to centrifugal pump supplied from Photovoltaic source through intermediate buck-boost converter is analyzed. The effect of duty ratio selection based on maximum power operation of PV source and maximum daily gross mechanical power is investigated on the solar cell array operating point, motor armature voltage, armature current and motor efficiency variation. Studies are carried out by formulating the mathematical models for photovoltaic source, DC motors, power converter and load. Starting torque variation, Torque magnification factors expressions are derived and their variations plotted for the above two cases. Simulation software is developed for the transient and steady-state analysis of PV supplied DC motors for different duty ratios of power converter and solar insolations. Steady-state and transient performance characteristics are presented. The performance of PM DC motor is compared with the series motor operating under identical conditions.     

Highly efficient maximum power point tracking using DC–DC coupled inductor single-ended primary inductance converter for photovoltaic power systems

Solar photovoltaics (PVs) have nonlinear voltage–current characteristics, with a distinct maximum power point (MPP) depending on factors such as solar irradiance and operating temperature. To extract maximum power from the PV array at any environmental condition, DC–DC converters are usually used as MPP trackers. This paper presents the performance analysis of a coupled inductor single-ended primary inductance converter for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a PV system. A detailed model of the system has been designed and developed in MATLAB/Simulink. The performance evaluation has been conducted on the basis of stability, current ripple reduction and efficiency at different operating conditions. Simulation results show considerable ripple reduction in the input and output currents of the converter. Both the MPPT and converter efficiencies are significantly improved. The obtained simulation results validate the effectiveness and suitability of the converter model in MPPT and show reasonable agreement with the theoretical analysis.     

卫星太阳翼在轨输出功率预测模型

该文介绍一种卫星太阳翼在轨功率输出预测方法,由单体太阳电池根据固体物理理论推导出来直流理论分析模型获得其等效电路,通过对单体太阳电池串、并联后组成的太阳翼电气电路,获得太阳翼等效电路,并根据该等效电路推导出太阳翼的直流分析模型。将太阳翼的直流分析模型转化为由单片太阳电池片开路电压Voc、短路电流Isc、最大功率点电压Vmp、最大功率点电流Imp这4个参数决定的太阳翼工程应用方程。同时,通过地面试验获得单体太阳电池的电压和电流衰降系数,获取太阳翼实际在轨不同时刻的开路电压VAoc、短路电流IAsc、最大功率点电压VAmp、最大功率点电流IAmp,并通过计算获取太阳翼工作点电压、电流,得到太阳翼的在轨预测工作输出功率。通过将该文模型预测值与太阳翼实际在轨输出电流、电压遥测值进行比较,验证该预测模型的有效性。该预测模型可通过单体太阳电池的4个工程参数,获得整个太阳翼的直流分析模型,便于太阳翼设计阶段建模分析的工程化应用。     

绒面类型对斜入射光下太阳电池发电能力影响的分析

太阳电池在发电运行时大部分时间处于不同斜入射辐照条件,然而太阳电池及其组件的输出功率参数都是在垂直入射辐照下测量并成为衡量其发电能力的标准。对不同类型绒面的太阳电池,用这样的标准来衡量比较其实际发电运行输出可能会产生出入。通过对金字塔型绒面的单晶硅太阳电池与球窝型绒面的多晶硅太阳电池在斜入射光照时的光反射情况和两种类型组件的实际发电情况进行理论分析和实验测量,得到以下结论：按照现行标准测量结果标称输出性能,多晶硅太阳电池的实际运行发电能力相对于单晶硅太阳电池而言被略为低估了,但低估程度小于3%。一般而言,各种减反射手段所优化的实际是垂直入射辐照条件下的发电输出结果,其实际运行发电效果增益并不如标准测量结果所显示的那么大。     

基于多传感器信息融合的太阳电池动态建模

为获取运动状态下太阳电池输出特性,提出一种基于多传感器信息融合的太阳电池动态建模方法。基于多传感器信息融合测量模型、欧式空间旋转理论、光照强度与太阳电池空间位置关系和太阳电池数学模型及其参数与光照强度之间耦合关系,构建太阳电池动态模型得到其动态输出特性。通过SIMPACK及Matlab/Simulink仿真软件建立太阳电池动态发电仿真平台验证了方法的有效性。结果表明,载体的运动明显影响了太阳电池输出特性,且在太阳电池输出最大功率点处的功率最大减少了18.038%。     

规模化风电直流孤岛外送的安全稳定特性分析

主要研究大规模风电直流孤岛输电方式的安全稳定特性。仿真计算了风电零出力、满出力2种典型方式下系统三相永久性接地N-1、N-2故障的电压、功角、频率运行特性,分析了本系统存在的运行风险,针对本系统易出现的频率失稳问题,给出了辅助优化控制与决策建议。     

数控匹配器

给出了一种太阳电池输出电压与输出电流、功率关系的数学模型，导出了最大功率点电压表达式。输出电压经模数转换后，通过数字实时控制，可使太阳电池输出功率达到当时日照条件下的最大值。     

A close-form solution for the maximum-power operating point of a solar cell array

A solar cell array is inherently a nonlinear device consisting of several solar cell modules connected in series-parallel combinations to provide the desired DC voltage and current. At a fixed insolation level, the terminal voltage decreases nonlinearly as the load current increases. Due to this nonlinearity, it is difficult to determine analytically the operating point at which the output power is maximum; a condition required for maximum utilization efficiency of the array. Iterative techniques are normally used to determine this operating condition. These techniques are lengthy, time-consuming, and have to be repeated for any change in the array's parameters, temperature, and insolation level. In this paper, an accurate closed-form solution is derived in terms of the array's parameters and solar insolation level. This solution is useful to the system designer or researcher as a fast and accurate tool for system design and performance analysis.     

临近空间太阳电池模型修正与发电量预测研究

由于在飞行过程中,温度、辐照度和倾角变化都会对临近空间飞行器上太阳电池的输出功率及效率产生影响,该文利用太阳光模拟器及薄型晶体硅太阳电池,进行多组测量实验,得到在不同温度、辐照度和倾角条件下,太阳电池的短路电流、开路电压等参数,并通过与模型仿真结果进行对比,对已有太阳电池电模型进行修正,得到更接近真实飞行工况的临近空间飞行器用薄型晶体硅太阳电池的模型。最后,基于修正后的模型通过仿真对太阳电池阵列在临近空间的全天发电功率变化趋势进行预测,可为临近空间飞行器用太阳电池阵列设计与功率预测提供重要参考。     

Study on control method of the stand-alone direct-coupling photovoltaic – Water electrolyzer

Based on photovoltaic as an energy resource and hydrogen as an energy carrier, we propose control methods of a photovoltaic-water electrolyzer (PV-WE) system that efficiently generates hydrogen by controlling the number of WE cells. The advantage of this direct coupling between PV and WE is that the power loss due to the DC/DC converter is avoided. Here, several different methods to control the number of WE cells in a stand-alone PV-WE system that is isolated from the electrical grid according to the weather condition were investigated: IV estimation method, PV module temperature method and PV current method. In the IV estimation method, first the current–voltage (IV) characteristics of the PV are calculated based on the measured solar insolation and PV module temperature, and then the nonlinear equation of the IV characteristics of the PV is solved to determine the optimum number of WE cells. In the PV module temperature method, only the PV module temperature and PV output current are used for control. In the PV current method, only the PV output current is used, and thus this method is the easiest among these methods to actually implement. Neither the PV module temperature method nor the PV current method requires solving any nonlinear equation of the IV characteristics of the PV. Each of these three control methods experimentally achieved a high maximum power point tracking efficiency (MPPT efficiency = actual PV output/maximum PV output), which was 98% or higher. Furthermore, to compare each control method, simulations of the PV-WE system were carried out using measured insulation and PV module temperature data for a 1-year period. Each of these three control methods also achieved a high MPPT efficiency in the annual simulations.