电火花加工微孔深径比的理论模型实验研究

为预测和提高电火花加工微孔的深径比,对描述该深径比的理论模型开展了进一步研究。在不同条件下加工50个微孔,采用罗曼诺夫斯基准则处理微孔加工数据,并应用误差传递公式分析各主要误差对该理论模型的影响,进一步表明了微孔深径比理论模型的有效性。     

微细电加工应用技术研究

微细电加工要达到工业应用的目的,需兼顾加工效率和加工精度两方面的要求.以微细孔、微细三维结构的加工为目标,进行了微细孔电火花加工、三维微细结构电火花伺服扫描加工及微细电化学加工技术的研究开发.设计出微细电极的损耗补偿进给和导向机构,开发出三维微细结构的电火花伺服扫描加工工艺,研究了采用阵列微细电极的微细电化学加工方法.微细孔电火花加工可连续加工直径小至100 μm的孔.伺服扫描电火花加工可便捷地在小于1 mm2区域内加工出三维微细结构.提出的微细电化学加工技术路线拟将微细电解加工应用于阵列微细孔和三维微细结构的加工.     

电火花摇动加工微细阵列轴和孔的试验研究

针对微细阵列轴和孔的电火花加工,提出了利用数控电火花加工机床摇动功能的摇动加工微细阵列轴和孔的方法.此法是基于电火花反拷贝加工的原理,先用丝电极在薄平板(中间电极)上按要加工的阵列轴和孔间距或数倍间距加工阵列小孔(直径0.1 mm以上),然后用加工的薄平板(中间电极)作电极,电火花摇动加工微细阵列轴(电极),最后用此微细阵列电极加工阵列孔.进行了电火花摇动加工微细阵列电极试验,得到了单电极直径为50 μm、长径比为16的3×3阵列电极,并用此电极在70 μm厚的不锈钢板上加工出单孔直径为70 μm的3×3微细阵列孔.试验结果表明,电火花摇动加工方法可实现微细阵列轴和孔的加工.     

微细倒锥孔在线加工参数调控的电火花加工工艺

基于微细孔电火花加工中观测到的“腰鼓”现象,进行了微细倒锥孔的在线加工参数调控电火花加工工艺的研究.实验研究了开路电压、进给深度、变压深度、放电电容等加工参数对微孔加工孔形的影响.通过对工艺参数的优化选择,加工得到出入口直径平均相差18.6 μm、锥度为1.16°的倒锥孔,可用于柴油发动机倒锥喷孔的加工.进一步实验了工...     

低盐溶液电火花-电解复合加工微小方孔试验

综合电火花加工快速蚀除材料与电解加工溶解重铸层的优势,提出了在低电导率的NaNO3溶液中使用电极逐层往复式铣削加工微小方孔的电火花-电解复合加工方法,并研究了电解液浓度、电压和电容参数对微小方孔加工质量的影响。结果表明:电解液浓度与加工电压对微小方孔加工质量影响较大,电容影响相对较小。选用最优加工参数在100μm厚的321不锈钢片上加工微小方孔,得到的方孔加工质量好、侧壁表面无重铸层,且工具电极相对损耗仅0.05%。     

微细电火花伺服扫描加工实验研究

进行微细电火花三维扫描加工时,由于电极损耗相对严重,导致形位公差难以保证和加工效率较低。该研究分析了电火花加工常规的电极损耗补偿方法,提出了基于放电间隙伺服控制进行电极损耗实时补偿的微细电火花三维扫描加工方法。辅助以电极电接触感知工件平面和加工原点,三维结构加工实验显示,采用间隙伺服控制进行电极损耗实时补偿有利于提高扫描加工微三维结构的形位精度和加工效率。     

Diffusion Bonded EDM Electrode with Micro Holes for Jetting Dielectric Liquid

This paper describes improvement of machining characteristics of electrical discharge machining of deep slots using a tool electrode which has micro holes for jetting dielectric liquid over the working surface. The tool electrode was made by the diffusion bonding of two copper plates, over an interface on which micro grooves for jetting the dielectric fluid were formed using electrolyte jet machining. In conventional machining, it is difficult to drill micro holes at the end of a slim electrode and circulate the dielectric fluid from the other end. Hence a solid tool electrode is used and periodically lifted up during machining to flush debris particles out of the discharge gap. Use of the newly developed tool electrode was found to shorten the processing time and improve machining accuracy significantly compared with the conventional solid tool electrode. Since the holes are micro, the outlet shapes are not replicated onto the bottom surface of the slot machined.     

微细电极的正交点电接触在线测量及组合制作工艺

为服务于微细电火花加工用微细工具电极在线制作,提出一种正交点电接触标准细棒的微细电极在线测量方法。将电极轴线与标准细棒轴线正交（垂直）布置,通过电极外径与标准细棒外径之间低压电感知的点接触方式,避免或减少标准棒尺寸误差和安装误差的影响。提出采用自穿孔成形伺服反拷法和线电极磨削法组合工艺,并结合在线测量反馈方式,实现了钨材料微细电极较高效率的在线制作,尺寸可控精度可达±1．5μm。     

EDM drilling of ultra-high aspect ratio micro holes with insulated tools

This work presents an innovative method for the Electrical Discharge Drilling of ultra-high aspect ratio (AR > 30) micro holes. It makes use of tools insulated on the sidewall by means of a coating. The concept is to promote the process stability of micro EDM deep drilling by preventing secondary sparks. The performance of standard and customized tools is compared and reviewed against the main criteria of shape quality, tool wear and machining time. Process capabilities are also defined for a given coating. Micro holes within 0.2 mm in diameter and aspect ratio (AR) up to about 120 could be obtained within 1 h. A micro punching die is also realized by combining this strategy with micro wire EDM.     

微细电火花铣削电极运动轨迹加工工艺实验

在微三维结构微细电火花铣削过程中,电极运动轨迹的规划直接影响产品的加工效率和工具电极的损耗。针对钛合金微三维结构进行了不同铣削方式的加工工艺实验,选取了最佳电极运动轨迹,其加工时间和电极损耗均明显低于其他铣削方式。     

倒锥形微细喷孔电火花加工研究

高端柴油发动机喷油嘴的微细喷孔要求孔径沿喷射方向逐渐变小形成倒锥形。为实现电火花加工微细倒锥形喷孔,解决倒锥角度高分辨率连续可调、微小锥角顶点的精确定位、无自转微细电极丝推摆动力传递等关键性技术问题,设计研制了一种微细倒锥孔电火花加工用电极丝推摆机构模块,并对该机构模块的推摆径向跳动误差、倒锥角调节误差等性能进行了测试。为验证该机构模块的功能效果,进行了不同倒锥角微细孔加工实验。结果表明:倒锥推摆机构具有倒锥形微细喷孔加工应用的可行性。     

The Effects of Tool Electrode Size on Characteristics of Micro Electrochemical Machining

In micro electrochemical machining using ultra short pulses, the machining rate is significantly influenced by the tool electrode area. As the tool area increases, the electrical double layer capacitance increases and the electrolyte resistance decreases. As a result, the rising time of the double layer potential increases and it is more difficult to obtain effective machining potential within the ultra short pulse duration. A simple insulation method using enamel coating on the side wall of the tool electrode is introduced. The insulated tool electrode was not sensitive to the machining depth and was effective for machining high aspect ratio structures.     

利用LIGA技术研制微细电火花异形和阵列结构电极

利用LIGA技术的优势,针对电火花电板结构特点开发出相应的加工工艺,完成电火花复杂结构电极的制造.电火花电极的特点是大高宽比的金属柱状结构,这对于LIGA技术工艺具有特殊的难度,需要突破深孔显影和电铸工艺难题.通过大量的工艺试验,优化出电火花电极阵列结构的工艺路线,圆满完成阵列结构和异形复杂结构的电极制造,为电火花技术...     

PZT激励同步压缩放电通道微细电火花加工工艺参数对加工结果的影响

提出了压电陶瓷(piezoelectric ceramic transducer,PZT)激励同步压缩放电通道微细电火花加工,目的在于改善微细电火花加工的放电环境。介绍了PZT激励同步压缩放电通道微细电火花加工原理,研究了开路电压、脉冲宽度、脉冲频率和峰值电流对其电极损耗和材料去除率的影响,并与不采用压缩通道方法的微细电火花加工进行了对比。结果表明:同等条件下,采用PZT激励同步压缩放电通道技术,提高了加工过程的稳定性和材料去除率,降低了电极损耗率,有效改善了放电环境。     

基于RTLinux的微细电火花加工软数控系统设计

以三维微细电火花加工为目标，开发基于工控机和RTLinux平台的微细电火花加工软件数控系统。在前期设计的系统平台基础上，利用模块化方法设计了RTLinux内核下的Soft-CNC模块，实现了微细电火花加工数字控制系统由软件完成，并提出了基于双缓冲机制的大数据量传输方法。三维微细电火花加工实验证明了系统的可靠性与实用性。     

Ultrasonic and electric discharge machining to deep and small hole on titanium alloy

Being a difficult-to-cut material, titanium alloy suffers poor machinability for most cutting process, let alone the drilling of small and deep holes using traditional machining methods. Although electric discharge machining (EDM) is suitable to handle titanium alloys, it is not ideal for small and deep holes due to titanium alloys’ low heating conductivity and high tenacity. This paper introduces ultrasonic vibration into micro-EDM and analyzes the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the EDM process. A four-axis EDM machine tool which combines ultrasonic and micro-EDM has been developed. A wire electric discharge grinding (WEDG) unit which can fabricate a micro-electrode on-line, as well as a measuring unit, is set up on this equipment. With a cylindrical tool electrode, made of hard carbide, which has high stiffness, a single-side notch was made along the electrode. Ultrasonic vibration is then introduced into the micro-EDM. Experiments have been carried out and results have shown that holes with a diameter of less than Ø0.2 mm and a depth/diameter ratio of more than 15 can be drilled steadily using this equipment and technology.     

微小孔的电解加工工艺研究

为了研究微小孔的电解加工工艺,采用在线加工的微细电极和超短脉冲电压,以及复合电解液电解加工微小孔.通过在线加工电极,避免了电极的二次装夹,提高了加工孔时的定位精度.实验中,分析了不同种类的电解液及其浓度、加工电压以及脉冲宽度对微小孔加工精度的影响.实验结果表明,添加络合剂的钝化电解液既能溶解阳极的电解产物,避免发生短路,提高了加工的稳定性,又不会增大加工间隙.而超短脉冲电压能明显减小微小孔加工的侧面间隙,并保证孔直径的一致性.     

冷等离子体射流中微细电火花加工特性研究

采用晶体管脉冲电源,在氧气辅助氮气等离子体射流、氮氧混合等离子体射流及外部压缩空气辅助氮气等离子体射流等不同冷等离子体介质中进行了微细电火花加工特性的实验研究,以期确定加工过程稳定的工艺条件,达到提高加工效率和加工质量的目的。在氧气辅助氮气等离子体射流实验中发现,随着氧气流量的增加,材料去除速度和表面粗糙度值均有增大趋势;采用压缩空气辅助氮气等离子体射流的电火花加工在表面质量、边缘质量方面均优于氧气辅助氮气等离子体射流加工。     

大深径比微细孔超声辅助电火花加工技术研究

微细电火花加工中电极损耗较大,在加工大深径比微细孔时,工具电极和工件之间的狭窄间隙内流体阻力较大,气泡及加工屑不易排出,易产生频繁的非正常放电,导致电极损耗进一步增大.针对大深径比微细孔加工的这一难题,提出采用电极摇动同时在工件上加载超声波振动的新方法,成功地在3.5 mm厚的不锈钢板上加工出平均直径为120 μm的通...