虚拟企业项目合作设计风险识别与评估方案

借助于价值链理论,进行了虚拟企业项目合作设计过程风险初步系统识别,并应用专家调查法和隶属度评价方法,识别出了项目合作设计过程关键风险因素;提出了基于四维特性的项目合作设计过程风险评估模型,并综合运用古林法和熵权系数法得出了四维特性的权重;在进行四维特性调查的基础上,采用模糊综合评价法进行了项目合作设计过程风险四维特性评估与风险度综合评估;探讨了基于投票理论的项目合作设计过程风险排序方案,并结合某开发类科研院所科技成果产业化项目合作设计实际进行了应用研究。     

基于模糊综合评价的弹药效能评估方法

本文结合模糊综合效能评估基本流程,对效能评估过程中的权重关系确定方法和评估模型确定方法进行了分析.并以某典型弹药为对象,并构建了其效能评价指标体系,运用模糊评估理论和层次分析方法对其进行了效能量化评估计算.研究结果表明,效能评估方法为弹药综合评价提供了一种有效的评价方法,对其他武器装备效能评价具有一定的借鉴意义.     

浅谈杂货船配积载评估

本方介绍了“杂货船配积载”评估项目的主要内容和评估要素，针对目前本项评估训练和评估过程中的实际问题，作者提出改进本项评估的一些措施，以达到评估的真正上的。     

GB/T 41165-2021《海洋预报结果准确性检验评估方法》风暴潮部分研制方法

风暴潮警报涉及要素较多,检验评估有一定困难性,本文详述了GB/T 41165-2021《海洋预报结果准确性检验评估方法》风暴潮部分的制定过程。研制过程中基于风暴潮警报调研和历史灾情分类研究,设计了风暴潮警报质量的量化评价方式,并应用东海区警报结果和实况数据反复测试和验证,结合多轮意见征求与试用成果,修正了潮时和潮位评估的阈值,撤消了过程整体评分的固定模式,分别建立了警报等级、潮时和潮位的检验评估算法,首次为海洋预报机构风暴潮警报评价提供了统一量化检验评估标准。     

人机交互界面的可用性评估及方法

人机交互界面技术是高科技领域的重点研究课题。章介绍了人机交互界面的可用性及可用性评估的概念，描述了可用性测试，启发式评估，认知过程浏览和行为分析四种主要的可用性评估方法，论述了它们的优缺点，并认为可用性评估是提高产品可用性的有效手段，是人机交互界面设计过程的核心。     

浅谈地质灾害危险性评估中应注意的主要方面

本文根据地质灾害危险性评估工作的特点,进一步提出地质灾害危险性评估中评价人在项目评估过程中应注意的一些问题,以便规避地质风险和指导生产,更好地促进评估工作的发展。     

构建科学的继续教育质量评估体系

根据继续教育的实际特点，以继续教育管理工作为对象，依据管理系统分析、模糊层次分析、灰色系统评估等理论，建立了继续教育教学质量评估体系递阶层次结构模型，对评估指标的权重分配给出了科学的数学计算，制定了具体的评价标准，并依此建立继续教育管理信息系统。     

型号工程计量保证项目效益评估

针对号计量保证评估问题，用模糊数学的方法建立模糊综合评价模型，使定性评价变为定量分析，达到直观评价计量保证项目效益的目的。     

机械设计方案的模糊评估系统的研究

针对机械设计方案的多样性及存在的诸多模糊因素，提出了一种模糊评估方法。根据机械设计过程中所出现的模糊因素进行分类，建立相应的评价指标分级矩阵，通过相关计算权衡各评价指标的差异程度，然后再对分级矩阵进行加权，最后利用综合信息评估对所选设计方案进行总体评价。     

浅谈创建煤矿安全评估的管理新模式

安全评估是从风险的识别、发生概率、后果严重性分析到根据相关标准和可接受准则进行评价,并采取措施降低风险的过程。本文通过对创建煤矿“安全评估”的管理新模式进行一些简单的论述。     

A conceptual basis and methodological framework for regional strategic environmental assessment (R-SEA)

The need to better assess and manage the cumulative effects of human development is well recognized; however, the practice of cumulative effects assessment has been constrained by the current project-based approach. Further, the broader regional and strategic frameworks designed to ensure a more proactive and futures-oriented cumulative effects assessment have, ironically, remained divorced from current practice and from each other. In response, in 2008, the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment and various federal and provincial agencies identified the notion of ‘regional strategic environmental assessment’ as a means to integrate the current silos of environmental assessment in Canada and improve the overall practice of cumulative effects assessment. In this paper we report on the ongoing initiative to advance regional strategic environmental assessment, and present a conceptual basis and methodological framework for its development and application.     

Formal safety assessment based on relative risks model in ship navigation

Formal safety assessment (FSA) is a structured and systematic methodology aiming at enhancing maritime safety. It has been gradually and broadly used in the shipping industry nowadays around the world. On the basis of analysis and conclusion of FSA approach, this paper discusses quantitative risk assessment and generic risk model in FSA, especially frequency and severity criteria in ship navigation. Then it puts forward a new model based on relative risk assessment (MRRA). The model presents a risk-assessment approach based on fuzzy functions and takes five factors into account, including detailed information about accident characteristics. It has already been used for the assessment of pilotage safety in Shanghai harbor, China. Consequently, it can be proved that MRRA is a useful method to solve the problems in the risk assessment of ship navigation safety in practice.     

Pipeline risk assessment and risk acceptance criteria in the State of Sao Paulo,Brazil

This paper reviews the current framework for, and practical application of, environmental impact assessment (EIA) in Malaysia and assesses the progress made towards adoption of strategic environmental assessment (SEA). EIA legislation was first introduced in 1987 and much progress has been made in enforcing compliance with the requirements. More recent moves towards devolution of EIA control to the states are an indicator of the influence that EIA is making, although there are still many practical constraints to be overcome. Even more recently, Malaysia has used SEA for area-wide schemes: the potential for this take up is evaluated. Despite many problems, the EIA process continues to function and evidence of an emerging commitment to SEA bodes well for the future.     

Research on Architecture of Risk Assessment System Based on Block Chain

The risk assessment system has been applied to the information security, energy, medical and other industries. Through the risk assessment system, it is possible to quantify the possibility of the impact or loss caused by an event before or after an event, thereby avoiding the risk or reducing the loss. However, the existing risk assessment system architecture is mostly a centralized architecture, which could lead to problems such as data leakage, tampering, and central cheating. Combined with the technology of block chain, which has the characteristics of decentralization, security and credibility, collective maintenance, and untamperability. This paper proposes a new block chain-based risk assessment system architecture and a consensus mechanism algorithm based on DPOS improvement. This architecture uses an improved consensus mechanism to achieve a safe and efficient risk assessment solving the problem of data tampering in the risk assessment process, avoiding data leakage caused by improper data storage. A convenient, safe and fast risk assessment is achieved in conjunction with the improved consensus mechanism. In addition, by comparing existing risk assessment architecture, the advantages and impacts of the new block chain-based risk assessment system architecture are analyzed.     

高通量筛查和安全评估结合评价乳制品包装安全风险

目的 以乳制品包装为研究对象,建立一套科学评价食品接触材料安全风险的方法,全面评价食品接触材料在接触食品过程中带来的食品安全风险。方法 采用非靶向高通量筛查检测技术全面筛查食品模拟物中的重金属和有机物,根据权威数据库和物质毒理学资料进行危害评估,参考欧盟和美国膳食暴露量计算方法进行暴露评估,结合评估结果计算风险系数,最终表征食品接触材料的安全风险。结果 抽取了市面上的塑料、金属、涂料及复合包装等不同材质的乳制品包装进行检测,检出铜、铬、锰和锡等元素,以及有意添加物（如单体、溶剂、抗氧剂、光引发剂、爽滑剂、增塑剂等）、非有意添加物质（如抗氧剂降解产物、寡聚物等）。采用暴露评估和危害评估方法分别表征检出物的膳食暴露和健康指导值,安全风险评估风险系数分布在0.007%～9.4%之间,安全风险较低。结论 建立的食品接触材料安全评价方法是一种有效评价食品接触材料安全风险的方法,该方法具有一定的通用性,企业、行业和政府部门等可用于识别食品接触材料的安全风险,为减少和排除安全风险提供科学依据。     

Environmental assessment in Singapore: an enigma wrapped up in a mystery!

This paper reviews the status of the environmental assessment (EA) system in Singapore and attempts to evaluate the potential for adoption of strategic environmental assessment (SEA). In Singapore, the colonial legacy of the planning system has resulted in similar processes being adopted to the British planning system and similar resistance to that previously experienced in the UK towards EA. This research indicates that the benefits of EA are not being achieved and that the demise of the natural environment in Singapore is being severely affected as a result. The terminology of SEA is not recognised, although it is claimed that environmental considerations are included in the sophisticated concept planning system that follows a ten-year cycle. Evidence collected suggests that other considerations perceived to be more important relating to economic, technical and social issues far outweighany emphasis on the environment.     

Evolution or revolution: where next for impact assessment?

Impact assessment (IA) has become one of the most prevalent environmental policy instruments today. Its introduction under the National Environmental Policy Act (US) in 1969 was revolutionary. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that such a widely used tool has received its share of criticism, including that it fails to meet some of its fundamental goals. Over the last fifty years, IA has broadened in scope and application and embraced new techniques. It has followed evolved, but has not changed fundamentally.

We believe that IA must continue to change to meet the societal and environmental challenges of the 21^st century. But will it be enough for IA to progress through incremental change (evolution), or is a complete overhaul of impact assessment (revolution) needed? We provide some ideas as to what ‘evolution’ and ‘revolution’ may look like, but rather then offering a definitive way forward now, we invite stakeholders to present their thoughts and suggestions at the IAIA19 Annual Conference in Brisbane, which carries the same theme as the title of this article.     

The SDGs and the sustainability assessment of private-sector projects: theoretical conceptualisation and comparison with current practice using the case study of the Asian Development Bank

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are receiving increasing attention in the private sector; however ex post assessment of operational sustainability performance remains well in advance of ex ante sustainability assessment of capital projects. It is also not yet commonplace to structure emergent forms of sustainability assessment to support the SDGs explicitly. This article reviews theoretical frameworks that aim to conceptualise sustainability assessment, and then explores the potential to develop SDG-focussed forms for use at the project-level. The extent of enhancement needed to current practice is illustrated using the case study of the Asian Development Bank. This analysis reveals that sustainability is being presented as a goal of project-level assessment and there has been progress towards delivering on this by, in particular, extending the thematic coverage. Amongst the key challenges remaining are how to address trade-offs (typically unavoidable for projects) and how to connect the SDGs, set at a global level, to the local-level where projects are considered. These findings, which reveal the gap between theory and practice, can inform efforts to develop SDG-focussed sustainability assessment.     

Applied Ethics in the Engineering,Health, Business,and Law Professions: A Comparison

Background Applied ethics plays a critical role in engineering, health, business, and law. Applied ethics is currently a required component of the pre‐practice education for these professions, yet the literature suggests that challenges remain in how we define, instruct, and assess professions‐based ethics education. Purpose Based on the on going debate associated with the instruction and assessment of applied engineering ethics, an exploratory investigation was performed to determine what could be learned by looking across professions. Scope /Method Ethics, as an educational topic, can be very broad in scope. This study was limited to literature at the intersection of ethics terminology, historical development, instruction, and assessment within engineering, health, business, and law. Many references associated with each profession and the input of profession‐specific content experts informed the literature survey. Conclusions Ethics within the engineering, health, business, and law professions have historically developed in isolation. Even case studies, which the engineering profession seems to have adopted from law, are framed differently within engineering. There are common lines of debate related to instructional methods, curricular methods, and instructor qualifications, but no profession has resolved these debates. A common trend in applied ethics research is a focus on assessment of student learning, rather than evaluation of instructional methods and/or curriculum incorporation methods. Assessment tools have been developed and applied widely for many years in several of the health care sub‐disciplines, business and law. An engineering‐specific applied‐ethics assessment tool has recently been developed, but has yet to see extensive application.     

From Wreck Cove to Voisey's Bay: the evolution of federal environmental assessment in Canada

Canadian environmental assessment has evolved significantly from the embarrassing Wreck Cove hydroelectric project experience in the mid-1970s to the more exemplary case of the Voisey's Bay Mine and Mill project, approved in 2002. Over this period, policy and law reforms have slowly made federal assessment requirements more demanding, open and mandatory. Viewed from a sustainability perspective, this evolution has been generally positive, but insufficient. While further improvements are possible and desirable, the experience of process reform in Canada so far suggests that they will be resisted and gradual.