两液层体系传质引发的Marangoni效应的数值模拟

The Marangoni effect induced by mass transfer at the interface between two immiscible liquids displays important influence on laboratory and industrial operation of solvent extraction. A systematic numerical study of the two-dimensional Marangoni effect in a two liquid layer system was conducted. The linear relationship of the inter- facial tension versus the solute concentration was incorporated into a mathematical model accounting for liquid flow and mass transfer in both phases. The typical cases analyzed by Sternling ＆ Scriven （AIChE J., 1959） using the linear instability theory were simulated bv the finite difference method and good agreement between the theory and the numerical simulation was observed. The simulation suggests that the Marangoni convection needs certain time to develop sufficiently in strength and scale to enhance the interphase mass transfer, the Marangoni effect is dynamic and transient, and remains at some stabilized level as long as the mass transfer driving force is kept con- stant. When certain level of shear is imposed at the interface as in most cases of practical significance, the Maran- goni effect is suppressed slightly but progressively as the shear is increased gradually. The present two-dimensional simulation of the Marangoni effect provides some insight into the underlying mechanism and also the basis for further theoretical study of the three-dimensional Marangoni effect in the real world and in chemical engineering applications.     

影响化学气相沉积多晶硅致密料比例的因素

改良西门子法生产多晶硅还原工艺是高纯的三氯氢硅和氢气在还原炉内发生化学气相沉积反应,得到固态多晶硅,多晶硅根据表观质量,分为致密料、玉米料、珊瑚料。目前,国内多晶硅生产以大型还原炉为主,对成本控制具有明显优势,但存在的问题是多晶硅致密料比例较低。本文通过对还原炉反应温度控制、进料喷嘴布置、反应配比等因素的分析研究,得出了提高还原炉化学气相沉积多晶硅致密料比例的方法、思路。     

化学气相沉积法多晶硅生产工艺的研究

对化学气相沉积法生产多晶硅的工艺进行了研究。多晶硅生产过程中的温度、流量、压力、物料摩尔比、进料气体分布以及操作安全性是影响多晶硅生产的重要因素,通过生产过程的研究和总结,实现了相关参数控制和安全性的优化,为企业带来了可观效益。     

多晶硅化学气相沉积数值模拟的研究进展

介绍了多晶硅气相沉积反应的几何模型和数学模型。回顾了。重点综述了近几年国内外还原炉内SHC13-H系统三维过程数值模拟的研究进展,并对其评述。讨论了化学气相沉积数值模拟的研究现状和存在的问题,展望了今后的发展方向。     

气相温度脉动对碳黑生成反应的影响(英文)

The effects of gas temperature fluctuations on soot formation and oxidation reactions are investigated numerically in a reacting flow. The instantaneous variations of soot mass fraction with time are obtained under the time-averaged gas temperature of 1500-1700 K. The simulation results show that the gas temperature fluctuation has obvious influence on the instantaneous processes of soot formation and oxidation. Within the present range of gas temperature, the gas temperature fluctuation results in generally lower soot mass fraction comparing to that without gas temperature fluctuation. The increase in the fluctuation amplitude of gas temperature leads to decrease in time-averaged soot mass fraction and increase in time-averaged soot particle number density.     

流化床化学气相沉积多晶硅的技术进步与挑战

Various methods for production of polysilicon have been proposed for lowering the production cost and energy consumption, and enhancing productivity, which are critical for industrial applications. The fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) method is a most promising alternative to conventional ones, but the homogeneous reaction of silane in FBCVD results in unwanted formation of fines, which will affect the product quality and output. There are some other problems, such as heating degeneration due to undesired polysilicon deposition on the walls of the reactor and the heater. This article mainly reviews the technological develop-ment on FBCVD of polycrystalline silicon and the research status for solving the above problems. It also identifies a number of chal-lenges to tackle and principles should be followed in the design of a FBCVD reactor.     

甲烷/空气射流燃烧中氮氧化物生成模型的研究

With the development of reaction kinetics and transfer science, the modeling of NOx formation plays more and more important roles in the protection of environment and the design of combustion reactors; in this case, turbu-lence-chemistry model and NOx formation model are the two most important aspects. For thermal NOx mechanism, this article studied the CH4/air system and applied a set of latest NO formation rate constants published at the Leed University which replaced the original model code in FLUENT to increase its precision on prediction of NO concentration. The realizable k-ε model, Reynold Stress model and standard k-ε model were also investigated to predict the turbulent combustion reaction, which indicated that the simulation results of velocities, temperatures and concentrations of combustion productions by the standard k-ε model were in good accordance with the experimental data. With the application of the simulation results to the experimental data to fit some important kinetic parameters in the equation of O atom model and revision of the equation later, this article obtained a new NO formation rate model. It has been proved that the prediction of the developed model coincides well with the measurements.     

物理气相沉积对化学钢化玻璃抗冲击强度的影响

用真空热蒸发沉积、离子束辅助沉积和磁控溅射三种方法在化学钢化玻璃上分别镀制铬薄膜和硫化锌薄膜,并对镀膜的化学钢化玻璃进行落球冲击实验,结果表明:镀膜的化学钢化玻璃的抗冲击强度变弱,不同的物理气相沉积方法对化学钢化玻璃的抗冲击强度影响不同.本文主要分析了薄膜应力和粒子束能量对化学钢化玻璃表面压应力的影响,并探讨化学钢化玻璃抗冲击强度变弱的原因,提出了解决的方法.     

载料气体对化学气相沉积合成石英玻璃沉积速率的影响

采用化学气相沉积工艺合成了石英玻璃,研究了沉积速率与载料气体之间的关系.利用扫描电子显微镜观察火焰中SiO2粒子微观形态和尺寸.通过对SiCl4水解、氧化反应速率的计算表明:在一定温度下,当同时存在充足的H2O和O2时,SiCl4氧化反应速率远高于水解反应速率.当载料气体为H2,Sicl4流量为25g/min时,观察火焰中SiO2粒子的微观形态发现存在大量非球状无定形聚集体,表明SiCl4未反应完全,沉积速率较低,约为220～240 g/h.同样SiCl4流量下.采用O2作为载料气体时火焰中颗粒均为球状,SiCl4全部反应,沉积速率较高,达到300～350 g/h.当SiCl4流量为15 g/min时,载料气体的改变对SiO2粒子形态和尺寸没有影响,SiCl4可以全部反应,沉积速率基本相同.当SiCl4流量较高(25 g/min)时,载料气体对反应机理和沉积速率有显著影响,若要SiCl4在极短时间内完全反应生成球状SiO2粒子,需选择O2作为载料气体,充足的O2保证SiCl4可以通过氧化反应全部反应完毕,沉积速率相应提高.     

二氧化碳在York地层中埋存的地球化学模拟(英文)

In this paper, we build up a three-dimensional model for CO2 storage in the deep reservoir. And this paper gives the mathematical formalism of combined geochemical and multi-phase flow. The results give us the information about geochemical changing caused by CO2 injection into aqueous, the dissolution or precipitation of reservoir minerals caused by aqueous components change, the change of water density, also the differences between this model and the simulation model without considering geochemical. The basic data for simulation is from York Reservoir.     

Mass/heat transfer from a neutrally buoyant sphere in simple shear flow at finite Reynolds and Peclet numbers

Theoretical analyses of mass/heat transfer from a neutrally buoyant particle in simple shear flow indicate that mass/heat must diffuse across a region of closed streamlines of finite thickness at zero Reynolds number, whereas spiraling streamlines allow the formation of a thin mass transfer boundary layer at small but non‐zero Reynolds numbers (Subramanian and Koch, Phys Rev Lett. 2006;96:134503; Subramanian and Koch, Phys Fluids. 2006;18: 073302). This article presents the first numerical results for mass/heat transfer at finite Reynolds and Peclet numbers. The simulations indicate that fluid particles in the flow‐gradient plane spiral away from the particle for Reynolds numbers smaller than about 2.5 while they spiral toward the particle for higher Reynolds numbers. Solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equations coupled with a boundary layer analysis of mass transfer yield predictions for the rate of mass transfer at asymptotically large Peclet numbers and Reynolds numbers up to 10. Simulations of mass transfer for zero Reynolds number and finite Peclet numbers confirm Acrivos' (Acrivos, J Fluid Mech. 1971;46:233–240) prediction that the Nusselt number approaches a finite value with increasing Peclet number. Simulations at finite Reynolds numbers and Peclet numbers up to 10,000 confirm the theoretical predictions for the concentration gradient at the particle surface at angular positions away from the flow‐gradient plane. However, the wake near the flow‐gradient plane remains too large at this Peclet number to yield a quantitative agreement of the overall rate of mass transfer with the theory for asymptotically large Peclet number. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

瓷质砖湿坯对流干燥过程的传热传质研究

引用建立于Whitaker的体积平均方程和Darcy定律基础止的多孔介质内部热质传递的等效耦合扩散模型,寻出一组关于液体饱和度、温度和气相压力的新支配方程,应用该方程组对瓷质砖坯体干燥过程进行了数值分析和实验测定。在平均含湿饱和度的变化方面,数值解与实验结果十分吻合。还改变影响坯体干燥过程的一些因素进行计算机模拟计算,通过改变这些因素的大小来考察计算结果,以期获得某些定性或定量的结论,从而用以指导实际生产过程。     

吸附相反应结晶过程的模型与数值模拟

针对吸附相反应技术制备CuO/SiO2的过程,构建了体系中反应物的扩散传递、反应、成核、生长等过程的模型,通过深入剖析过程的机理,对复杂的微分方程组进行解耦。在MATLAB平台上数值求解模型,得到了本体相、吸附相中各组分的浓度随时间的变化以及CuO粒子的生长过程,为深入了解过程的内在规律提供了依据。结果表明:吸附层中Cu(OH)2的浓度迅速上升然后趋于定值,而本体相中的Cu(OH)2浓度一直维持在很低的水平;结晶过程的成核时间短,且最后获得了粒径窄分布的小粒径粒子。     

多晶硅原辅料中碳杂质的分析

碳杂质是多晶硅产品的重要杂质之一。为了更好的控制多晶硅产品中的碳杂质,需要明确碳杂质在生产中的分布及转化原理,寻找控制产品中碳杂质的途径。通过分析多晶硅生产中原辅料中碳杂质的来源和控制方式,进而控制产品中碳杂质。     

大面积瓷质砖坯体干燥过程的二维传热传质研究

引用建立于Whitaker的体积平均方程和Darcy定律基础上的多孔介质内部热质传递的等效耦合扩散模型 ,寻出一组关于液体饱和度、温度和气相压力的新支配方程 ,应用该方程组对瓷质砖坯体二维干燥过程进行了数值分析。并将传统干燥器与新型干燥器的模拟数据进行比较 ,以期获得某些定性或定量的结论 ,从而用以指导实际生产过程。     

薄膜蒸发器内流体流动特性的数值模拟

建立了薄膜蒸发器的计算模型,采用大型计算流体力学(CFD)分析软件CFX4.4模拟了薄膜蒸发器内水及粘性料液的流动过程,得到了各种速度分布. 结果表明,刮板转速、进料量对流体流动状态影响显著. 提高刮板转速,可明显促进液膜和圈形波内流体的物质交换. 在任一转速下,各料液均存在同一最佳进料量,此时其圈形波截面内平均速度达到最大值. 对纯物质水,最佳进料量对应的流动边界层厚度与膜厚之比最小. 粘性料液和水的轴向速度分布存在差异,且在液膜厚度内未形成明显的流动边界层.     

1500t/a多晶硅装置安装调试总结

总结了江西景德半导体新材料有限公司1 500 t/a多晶硅装置安装调试情况,指出:设备的合理选型是达到设计能力的前提,装置清洗是保证系统清洁度的关键,规范施工是确保装置顺利开车的有力保障,所以从立项到试开车,每个阶段都需要制定一个缜密完善的施工方案,保证安装品质,使装置能够顺利达标、达产。     

多孔介质内部热质传递的等效耦合扩散模型的推导及其应用

基于Whitaker的体积平均方程，在不附加任何新的假设的基础上，对多孔介质内部热质传递的等效耦合扩散模型进行推导，得出了多孔介质内部热质传递的等效耦合扩散模型。并应用该模型对瓷质砖体干燥过程进行了数值模拟，模拟结果与实验结果十分吻合。     

流化床液固两相传质过程的模拟研究进展

液固两相流化床具有液固相接触效率高、传质和传热性能好、颗粒分布均匀等优点,已被广泛应用于众多工业过程中。然而,流化床中与传质过程耦合的颗粒流化的复杂非线性特征及其湍动特性,使得对传质过程特性的研究十分困难。且仅依靠实验观测和理论预测难以揭示多相流相互作用规律,无法获得全面和详细的速度场和浓度场分布情况。近年来,数值模拟的快速发展为深入探索流化床中液固两相流动行为及其与传质过程耦合问题提供了重要的途径。本文对流化床液固两相流动与传质过程模拟方法进行了综述,并对其未来研究趋势进行了展望。借助于计算传质学理论可以更精确地预测局部浓度的分布情况,进而可以深入分析液固两相流化床中的传质过程规律与传质特性,为液固两相流化床的设计和优化提供理论基础。