精细化工生产废水处理工艺

以化工厂废水的COD去除率为评价指标,采用Fenton-混凝法对其进行处理,考察了FeSO_4、H_2O_2的加入量和反应时间、pH等反应条件对废水中COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明:在废水pH为4,H_2O_2浓度为6%,Fe SO4浓度为1.5%,反应时间为2 h的条件下,该工艺对COD的去除效果最佳,废水中COD值从10500 mg/L降至1980 mg/L,COD去除率最高达81.14%,BOD_5/COD提高到0.6,在降解COD的同时有效提高了废水的可生化性。     

Fenton试剂处理硝苯地平医药废水的研究

用Fenton试剂对硝苯地平医药废水进行氧化处理实验研究,探讨了n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)、H2O2浓度、pH、温度和反应时间对模拟废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明,当n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2+)=5∶1,30%的H2O2用量为0.4 mL,溶液pH=2.5,反应时间为24 h时,在20℃、120 r/min条件下,废水COD去除率可达74.5%,BOD5/COD从0.10提高至0.31,可生化性得到较大提高,为后续的生物处理创造了条件。     

铁钛无机交联膨润土的制备及其对COD的吸附研究

以钠基膨润土为原料,制备了铁钛无机交联膨润土,应用于模拟废水的处理。以对COD的去除率为指标,利用正交试验研究制备铁钛无机交联膨润土的最佳实验条件及其吸附模拟废水的最佳实验条件。结果表明：铁钛无机交联膨润土对COD表现出较好的吸附性能。当悬浮液浓度为3％、铁钛摩尔比为16：1、交联剂／土(mmol／g)为15：1、反应温度为40℃、反应时间为3h为制备的最佳实验条件。当废水pH值为3．0、吸附剂用量为14g／L、吸附时间为30min时,为吸附模拟废水的最佳实验条件,此时COD的去除率可达90％以上。     

纳米Fe_2O_3催化氧化深度处理纸浆废水

利用化学共沉淀法制备出纳米Fe_2O_3催化剂,采用XRD和HTEM对催化剂结构进行了表征。研究了pH值、催化剂加入量以及反应时间对催化剂去除造纸废水COD效果的影响。研究结果表明,当采用650℃条件下焙烧时可以获得粒度较为均匀、粒径约为40~60nm,纯度较高的Fe_2O_3。当废水p H值=4,催化剂加入量7.5mol/L,反应时间为30min时,废水COD去除率达到了73.5%,出水(COD)为70.2mg/L。     

Fenton法处理模拟偶氮染料废水的研究

采用Fenton法对模拟偶氮染料废水进行了处理。考察了废水初始pH值、H2O2和Fe2＋投加量、反应时间及反应温度等对模拟染料废水COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,在甲基红的初始浓度为200mg.L-1,初始pH值为3.0,H2O2和Fe2＋投加量分别为20mmol.L-1和1mmol.L-1,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为60min的条件下,废水中COD的去除率可达83.5%。     

Fenton氧化法深度处理炼油二级浮选出水

采用Fenton氧化法对炼油厂的二级浮选出水进行深度处理,研究了Fe SO4投加量、H2O2投加量、pH值、反应时间等对废水中COD去除效果的影响。结果表明,Fenton氧化法处理的最佳反应条件为:H2O2(30%)投加量4 m L/L,Fe SO4投加量0.6 g/L,反应时间10 min,初始反应pH值4。在此条件下,处理后废水COD浓度符合《石油炼制工业污染物排放标准》的要求。     

铁碳微电解/H_2O_2联合吹脱预处理煤化工废水

采用铁碳微电解/H_2O_2联合吹脱预处理煤化工废水,铁碳微电解/H_2O_2可有效去除COD,进一步吹脱有效分离废水中的氨氮。铁碳微电解/H_2O_2类Fenton分别进行了单因素实验和正交实验,采用控制变量法,依次进行了不同铁碳体积比、H_2O_2投加量、溶液pH及反应时间四组单因素实验。进一步通过正交实验确定在固液比为1∶5的条件下,Fe/C(体积比)为1∶2,溶液pH为5,反应时间为3 h,H_2O_2(30%)投加量为1 ml/L为最佳反应条件,此时COD去除效率可达75%;废水经过铁碳微电解/H_2O_2处理后,再进行吹脱除氮实验,实验考察了不同温度,pH以及曝气时间对氨氮去除率的影响。     

化学法去除冶炼废水COD的研究与应用

根据冶炼废水的特点,确定了COD指标的特征污染物为亚硫酸钠,亚硫酸钠浓度决定废水COD指标。通过双氧水、漂白粉、漂粉精去除COD试验,研究pH值、反应时间及药剂用量对COD指标的影响,确定采用投加漂粉精来控制COD指标。当漂粉精与COD用量比7.3∶1、pH值4~10、反应时间6 min以上时,外排水COD指标稳定在60 mg/L以下。     

二氧化氯催化氧化处理染料废水技术的研究

本文研究了二氧化氯化学氧化和二氧化氯催化氧化处理染料废水。实验结果表明单用二氧化氯化学氧化处理酸性大红染料配制废水时,最佳反应pH值为6~8,氧化剂经济用量为1000mg ClO2/L废水,反应时间为60min,COD去除率可达50%左右,氧化指数(COD削减量ClO2投加量)=2.3。当二氧化氯催化氧化酸性大红染料配制废水时,最佳反应pH值为2左右,氧化剂经济用量为800mg ClO2/L废水,反应时间为45~60min,COD去除率可达80%以上,氧化指数=3.5,去除每公斤COD氧化剂费用为3.7元人民币,并且废水的可生化性有很大的提高,效果明显优于二氧化氯化学氧化。     

Fenton法预处理2-萘酚生产废水研究

用Fenton试剂预处理2-萘酚模拟废水。通过正交试验优化反应过程,当反应时间为40min,初始pH值为3.5,m(H2O2)/m(COD)为2,n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)为12时,可使COD去除率达到86%。结果表明,反应温度对COD去除的影响并不显著,而H2O2的消耗速率约为COD去除速率的2.3倍。活性污泥抑制试验显示未经Fenton处理的废水EC50值为329mg/L,而预处理后的废水对活性污泥没有抑制,这说明Fenton预处理可有效消除2-萘酚废水的生物毒性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。