铝合金在海洋环境中的应力腐蚀机理研究进展

聚焦铝合金在海洋环境中的应力腐蚀行为及影响因素,讨论了海洋环境中铝合金的应力腐蚀机理。海洋环境下铝合金应力腐蚀开裂(stress corrosion cracking, SCC)的形成主要受氢致开裂和阳极溶解过程控制。铝合金的SCC过程可分为4个阶段：铝合金表面钝化膜破裂和点蚀阶段、裂纹萌生阶段、钝化膜的再生与溶解动态平衡阶段以及裂纹扩展阶段。铝合金的合金成分、热处理工艺可以控制其显微组织结构,其中第二相粒子对铝合金的SCC过程起主要作用。海洋环境的温度、pH值、离子种类和浓度等因素也会影响铝合金的SCC行为。结合常用合金元素在铝合金基体中的存在形式及作用、热处理工艺对铝合金应力腐蚀行为影响,以及海洋环境的特点,总结了铝合金在海洋大气、海水环境中的应力腐蚀失效机理,为铝合金在海洋环境中的应用提供应力腐蚀机理解释与分析依据。     

电极极化对铝合金应力腐蚀断裂敏感性的影响

为了探讨极化对铝合金应力腐蚀断裂(SCC)敏感性的影响,采用慢应变速率拉伸技术研究了不同恒电位极化条件下7075T6,7075T7351,7075RRA铝合金的应力腐蚀行为.结果表明,在-1 200～-735 mV(vs SCE)电位范围内,无论是阳极极化还是阴极极化,甚至弱极化,都会增加7075铝合金在3.5% NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂敏感性,无论哪一种热处理状态的7075铝合金在极化电位下的ISSRT均明显高于腐蚀电位下的ISSRT.同时,有阴极极化时ISSRT值随电极极化增强而减小,阳极极化时ISSRT 值有随电极极化增强而增大的趋势.但不同热处理状态的7075铝合金受极化电位的影响程度不同.由此认为,阳极溶解和氢效应都是导致7075铝合金应力腐蚀开裂的重要因素,电化学保护方法并不适用于7075铝合金应力腐蚀断裂的防护.     

SRB+IOB对X100管线钢在常熟土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响

为了更好地研究管线钢在特定土壤模拟溶液中的应力腐蚀机理,证实MIC和SCC的协同性与相关性,采用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)试验研究了 SRB+IOB对X100管线钢在常熟土壤模拟溶液中应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响.结果表明:X100管线钢母材和焊缝试样在无菌和有菌(SRB+IOB)环境下的宏观断口均为斜断口,断裂面与拉伸轴方...     

LY6铝合金的局部腐蚀行为研究

探讨LY6合金的局部腐蚀行为对扩大其应用范围意义重大,采用加速腐蚀试验和微观腐蚀形貌观察等方法,研究了经自然时效处理的LY6铝合金在含Cl-的典型环境中的点蚀、晶间腐蚀、应力腐蚀断裂和剥蚀等局部腐蚀行为,并讨论了它们的机理和相互关系.在试验环境下,LY6铝合金对点蚀、晶间腐蚀、剥蚀和应力腐蚀断裂都存在敏感性,合金中S相(Al2CuMg)、θ相(CuAl2)及MnAl6等第二相的存在是发生上述局部腐蚀的根本原因.研究表明,合金的剥蚀是一个从点蚀发展到晶间腐蚀,然后在应力协同作用下发生破坏的过程.恒载荷应力腐蚀拉伸法和断口形貌观察发现,LY6铝合金应力腐蚀断裂是由于阳极溶解作用的结果.     

7075铝合金的力学与电化学交互作用

用慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)技术研究了7075铝合金在应力腐蚀过程中的力学与电化学交互作用.结果表明,外加极化会提高7075铝合金的应力腐蚀敏感性,这种通过极化而改变铝合金表面电化学反应从而影响断裂应力的现象是一种电化学-力学效应.然而,对于不同热处理状态的7075铝合金,外加极化对敏感性的影响程度不同.增加拉伸应力,7075-RRA铝合金的阳极极化曲线略向正移,滞后环面积扩大,但并不显著.这种拉伸应力对极化曲线的影响是一种力学-电化学效应,有利于应力腐蚀裂纹的扩展.铝合金在应力腐蚀过程中的电化学作用和力学作用是交互的,彼此促进的.     

形变对LY12铝合金应力腐蚀开裂性能的影响

本文研究了不同的形变时效处理对LY12铝合金应力腐蚀开裂性能的影响。利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了各种形变时效状态试样应力腐蚀开裂的断口形貌及其微观组织,探讨了形变提高LY12铝合金应力腐蚀开裂抗力的原因。     

LC4高强铝合金的慢应变速率拉伸试验

采用慢应变速率拉伸 (SSRT)技术测试了LC4铝合金在空气和质量分数为 3.5 %的NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂 (SCC)行为 .研究了应变速率对铝合金SCC行为的影响和氢在LC4高强铝合金应力腐蚀断裂过程中的作用 .试验结果表明 ,LC4合金具有SCC敏感性 ,在潮湿空气中发生应力腐蚀断裂 ,而在干燥空气中不发生应力腐蚀断裂 .对于长横取向的LC4铝合金试样 ,在应变速率为 1.331× 10 6s 1时 ,其SCC敏感性比应变速率为 6 .6 5 5× 10 6s 1时的敏感性大 .在潮湿空气和阳极极化条件下 ,铝合金的应力腐蚀断裂机理是以阳极溶解为主 ,氢几乎不起作用 .在预渗氢或阴极极化条件下 ,氢脆起主要作用 ,预渗氢时间延长可加速LC4合金的应力腐蚀断裂 .     

X100管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的微生物腐蚀特征

采用线性极化曲线和交流阻抗技术(EIS)结合扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析仪,研究了SRB对X100管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。实验结果表明:X100管线钢在无菌与含SRB模拟溶液中的腐蚀均属于中度腐蚀;SRB加剧了X100管线钢在库尔勒土壤中的腐蚀,但在浸泡17~35d过程中,微生物膜与腐蚀产物结合成的复合膜会在短时间内发生急剧抑制腐蚀作用;X100管线钢在无菌模拟溶液中的腐蚀倾向为随时间延长先减小后增大,含SRB时为先减小后增大再减小,腐蚀速率在无菌与含SRB模拟溶液中时均为随时间延长先减小后增大。     

X100管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中的微生物腐蚀特征

采用线性极化曲线和交流阻抗技术(EIS)结合扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析仪,研究了SRB对X100管线钢在库尔勒土壤模拟溶液中腐蚀行为的影响。实验结果表明:X100管线钢在无菌与含SRB模拟溶液中的腐蚀均属于中度腐蚀;SRB加剧了X100管线钢在库尔勒土壤中的腐蚀,但在浸泡17~35d过程中,微生物膜与腐蚀产物结合成的复合膜会在短时间内发生急剧抑制腐蚀作用;X100管线钢在无菌模拟溶液中的腐蚀倾向为随时间延长先减小后增大,含SRB时为先减小后增大再减小,腐蚀速率在无菌与含SRB模拟溶液中时均为随时间延长先减小后增大。     

7020铝合金在Cl-环境下的应力腐蚀与局部腐蚀性能及其相关性分析

为进一步加深对铝合金在Cl-环境下腐蚀行为的认识,通过浸泡试验、金相分析、极化曲线测试、慢应变速率拉伸测试、扫描电镜、透射电镜观察等,研究腐蚀环境对7020铝合金的局部腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为的影响,并对二者的相关性进行分析.结果 表明:7020铝合金在50℃下的3.5 ％NaCl溶液中浸泡24h,合金局部腐蚀...     

复合材料对LY12CZ铝合金C-环应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用铝合金C-环试样应力腐蚀试验方法，将碳纤维环氧复合材料与LYl2CZ铝合金相互偶接，研究由于电偶腐蚀的存在，对LYl2CZ铝合金应力腐蚀性能的影响，利用SEM方法对裂纹断口进行了分析。结果表明，复合材料与LYl2CZ铝合金的电偶腐蚀作用，促进了LYl2CZ铝合金C-环应力腐蚀裂纹形成与扩展，电偶作用使晶粒表面的点蚀减少，晶界腐蚀的溶解速率明显加快，晶界的二次裂纹大大增加，而与铝合金偶接的复合材料表面形貌基本无变化。     

ZL104铝合金热处理工艺研究

研究了固溶、时效和固溶＋时效处理对ZL104铝合金组织和性能的影响,并对处理后的试样进行了硬度和腐蚀性试验,对比不同热处理工艺下其性能的不同。结果表明,经固溶＋时效处理其硬度有明显的提高,固溶处理的耐腐蚀性最好。     

An investigation of Stress corrosion cracking in MgAZ61 alloy in 3.5% NaCl + 2% K2CrO4 aqueous solution at room temperature

Effect of specimen orientation, heat treatment and applied potential on the stress corrosion susceptibility of magnesium AZ61 (Mg-6.3% Al-0.5% Zn-0.20% Mn) alloy in an aqueous 3.5% NaCl + 2% K₂CrO₄ solution at room temperature was investigated. Stress corrosion times to failure were measured at different values of initial stress intensities using single edge (pre) cracked sheet tensile specimens and a modified tensometer. It was observed that while the specimen orientation has a significant effect on the measured values of stress corrosion threshold stress intensity, K_Iscc, the effect of varying the quench rate during heat treatment was minimal. Polarization measurements both in stressed and unstressed conditions, failed to reveal any significant effect of the applied stress intensity on the anodic polarization behavior of the alloy. However, measurements made under four different potentiostatic conditions showed a considerable increase in stress corrosion times to failure of the alloy. The results, together with fractographic observations of fractured specimen are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of stress corrosion cracking, in magnesium alloys.     

Interaction between sulfate-reducing bacteria and aluminum alloys——Corrosion mechanisms of 5052 and Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloys

Microbiologically influenced corrosion caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) poses a serious threat to marine engineering facilities.This study focused on the interaction between the corrosion behavior of two aluminum alloys and SRB metabolic activity.SRB growth curve and sulfate variation with and with aluminum were performed to find the effect of two aluminum alloys on SRB metabolic activity.Corrosion of 5052 aluminum alloy and Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloy with and without SRB were performed.The results showed that both the presence of 5052 and Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloy promoted SRB metabolic activity,with the Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloy having a smaller promotion effect compared with 5052 aluminum alloy.The electrochemical results suggested that the corrosion of the Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloy was accelerated substantially by SRB.Moreover,SRB led to the transformation of Al-Zn-In-Cd aluminum alloy corrosion product from Al(OH)3 to Al2 S3 and NaAlO2.     

7A52铝合金焊缝应力腐蚀性能研究

本文用20mm厚的7A52铝合金板材,采用钨极氩孤焊接工艺焊接,用慢应变速率实验方法,应变速率为1．58×10^-6s^-1,在3．5％氯化钠溶液和惰性气体中,研究了7A52铝合金焊接接头的应力腐蚀性能。试验结果表明：7A52铝舍金焊缝对应力腐蚀较为敏感,在3．5％氯化钠溶液中应力腐蚀断裂均发生在焊缝熔合线附近区,而在惰性气体中试样断裂发生在焊缝中间部位。     

X80管线钢在含硫酸盐还原菌的土壤环境中的应力腐蚀开裂行为研究进展

X80管线钢因具有高强度、高韧性、抗脆断等性能,已成为现代油气运输中应用最为广泛的钢材之一。X80管线钢在埋地土壤环境中不可避免地受到应力和SRB(Sulfate-reducing bacteria)的共同作用,近年来有关X80管线钢在含SRB的土壤环境中的应力腐蚀开裂已成为一个研究重点。综述了应力腐蚀开裂和SRB腐蚀的影响因素,总结了关于应力和SRB协同作用对X80管线钢腐蚀行为影响的研究现状,分析了现行研究的缺陷和不足,并针对这些问题对今后的研究进行了展望。     

Effect of minor Sc addition on microstructure and stress corrosion cracking behavior of medium strength Al–Zn–Mg alloy

Influence of Sc content on microstructure and stress corrosion cracking behavior of medium strength Al–Zn–Mg alloy have been investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and slow strain rate test. The results indicate that the addition of Sc results in the formation of the quaternary coherent Al_3(Sc, Zr, Ti) dispersoids during homogenization treatment, which will inhibit the dynamic recrystallization behavior. The number density of Al_3(Sc, Zr, Ti) particles increases with the increase of Sc content, and thus the recrystallization fraction of hot-extruded alloy is reduced and the peak strength in two-stage artificial aging sample is enhanced. At the same time, the wide of precipitation free zone is reduced, and the content of Zn and Mg in grain boundary particles and precipitation free zone is increased with the increase of Sc content. In peak-aged state, the 0.06 wt% Sc added alloy shows the better stress corrosion cracking resistance than the Sc-free alloy because of the reduction of recrystallization fraction and the interrupted distribution of grain boundary precipitates along grain boundary. However, the further addition of Sc to 0.11 wt% will result in the deterioration of stress corrosion cracking resistance due to the increase of electrochemical activity of grain boundary particles and precipitation free zone as well as hydrogen embrittlement.     

Effect of molybdenum on SCC of 17-4PH stainless steel under different aging conditions in chloride solutions

Type 17-4 PH martensitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steel, having a combination of high mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance is widely used in aerospace, chemical, and petrochemical and food industries This alloy has a high resistance to stress corrosion cracking but age hardening treatment, increases its sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking. There are several works investigating the influence of different aging treatments on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 17-4 PH steels, however there are little works studying the simultaneous effects of aging treatments and molybdenum content on corrosion properties of these steels. In this research, the effect of molybdenum on stress corrosion cracking resistance of 17-4 PH alloy using U-bend samples in chloride solutions, as well as its effect on passivity, has been investigated. Quantometer, Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and potentiostat were used to determine the chemical composition, microstructure and anodic polarization behavior of the alloys. It is found that molybdenum has a useful effect on stress corrosion cracking resistance under the peak aged conditions, and this is because of development of delta-ferrite phase by increasing the molybdenum content and subsequently decreasing the strength of the alloy.     

锂电池PACK包Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金CMT 焊接组织与性能研究

以锂电池包箱体常用的7003铝合金为研究对象,采用冷金属过渡焊接工艺(CMT)对7003铝合金进行焊接后,经过固溶(485 ℃,3 h)、人工时效(160 ℃,2 h)和自然时效(72 h)热处理后,进行组织和性能研究。通过慢应变速率拉伸试验、常温拉伸试验、显微维氏硬度测试、扫描电子显微镜分析等方法,对该铝合金接头的母材和焊缝的抗腐蚀性能、力学性能以及微观组织形貌进行研究。结果表明:当慢应变速率为1×10-6 s-1时,基材和焊接试样的应力腐蚀敏感性指数(ISSRT)分别为2.73%和9.74%;对焊接试样的接头进行晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀测试并评级,晶间腐蚀为4级,剥落腐蚀为PA级;焊接接头的电导率、抗拉强度、延伸率分别为22.0%(IACS)、330.7 MPa、10.0%。     

7055铝合金T型型材的应力腐蚀行为研究

通过拉伸性能测试、C环应力腐蚀试验、金相分析、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察等研究了7055铝合金T型型材的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为.结果表明:7055铝合金T型型材纵向试样的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率及断面收缩率均大于横向试样的;在间浸腐蚀和恒温恒湿环境下,纵向C环试样的开裂时间均长于横向试样的.型材纵向截面晶粒变形特征明...