Experimental determination of laws of color harmony. Part 1: Harmony content of different scales with similar hue

In 1956 we came to the decision at the Budapest Technical University to start large scale experiments on color harmony. The experiments and the processing of the experimental results have been completed in 2006, after 50 years of research work. Within the frame of the experiments 95 000 participants have carried out more than 36 million elementary observations and made elementary decisions. Only certain parts of the experimental results have been published up to now. This article starts publishing the results not published yet. Research work on color harmony carried out during these 50 years can be categorized into seven main groups. The present article deals with the group of experiments testing how much the harmony content of the scales found in different locations in various positions of the axial sections of the Coloroid color system differ from each other. Our experiments were focused to three groups: we examined the variations in the extent of harmony content in the following cases (1) scales carried by lines with different angles to the gray axis, consisting of colors having the same number of harmony intervals between them, (2) scales consisting of colors being parallel to the gray axis, featuring various saturations, having different harmony intervals between them, and (3) scales perpendicular to the gray axis, with different luminosity, having different harmony intervals between each other. The examined color scales contained six colors in each experiment. Experiments were carried out for 24 different axial sections of the Coloroid color system. After 15‐years interruption experiments were repeated; however, with compositions of different appearances. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 477–488, 2007     

彩色涤纶短纤维色差的控制

介绍了用于评定色差的CIELAB和CMC色差公式,并对2个公式在彩色涤纶短纤维色差控制中的实际运用做了对比实验。从对比结果和数据分析来看,CIELAB色差公式存在一定的局限性,CMC色差公式测试结果与目测具有更好的视觉一致性,完全可以在纺织行业色差控制上替代CIELAB色差公式并推广使用。     

Comparative studies on color preference in Japan and other Asian regions,with special emphasis on the preference for white

The results of three surveys are presented. The first survey was carried out in four large cities in Japan, and the findings were analyzed by factor analysis and cluster analysis. The second survey was carried out in Seoul, Korea and Tokyo, Japan to determine color preference in the two countries, focusing on the preference for white. The last survey compared color preference in Taipei and Tokyo, also with emphasis on the preference for white. In these successive studies on color preference in Japan and other Asian cities, the subjects were mainly asked to choose from a color chart the three colors they liked most and the three they liked least, and to state the reasons for their choices. The results of Survey 1 showed that color preference could be influenced by differences in age, sex, and geographical region. Also factor analysis and cluster analysis indicated some relation between color preference and the subjects' life styles. Dual scaling analysis of the results of Surveys 2 and 3 indicated that each Asian area has unique color preference tendencies and that there are statistically significant differences in the frequency of selection of colors of certain hues and tones. However, a high preference for white was common to all areas, along with preferences for some other colors. These results thus demonstrated a common strong preference for white in three neighboring Asian areas. The reasons given for the choices suggested that besides the factors of age and sex, associative images based on environmental and cultural aspects may be an important factor influencing color preference. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Study of the color characteristics of residential buildings in Shanghai

In 2018, Shanghai launched a campaign to renovate the façade of old residential areas. With the renovation of the façade of these residential buildings, problems such as chaotic colors, dull colors, and strongly conflicting colors of walls have increasingly occurred. In this article, the color data of building samples were obtained by field investigation and the color attribute grading evaluation of residential buildings was carried out by introducing evaluation factors; thus, the evaluation results of these buildings were finally obtained. Based on the analysis of the quantity and proportion of each color attribute at different evaluation levels, the color characteristics of residential buildings in Shanghai were finally summarized. Overall, Shanghai residential buildings are “warm colored” in hue, “bright” in lightness, and “partial white” in chromaticness. The research results provide theoretical support for the forward‐looking and scientific nature of color planning for residential buildings in the future and can serve as a reference for the selection of the main colors of building walls.     

石油产品颜色测定仪在油品分析中的应用

本文介绍了自动石油产品颜色测定仪的分析原理及测定油品颜色时的注意事项,给出了手动和自动测定同一样品颜色的结果,同时进行了两个方法的结果比较,分析了误差及解决的办法.     

Studies on the adhesion of polyimide coatings on copper foil

The peel strength and the color of the copper foil peeled at 90 degrees from five different polyimide films were studied. The interfacial surfaces of copper foil and polyimide were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy dispersion analysis by X-ray (EDAX). There is a correlation between peel strength, and the color of the interfacial side copper caused by oxygen diffusion. Study of the imidization process carried out in vacuum indicates that the geometric arrangements of the atoms of polyimide also play a very important role in peel strength.     

彩色胶卷的人眼视觉敏感技术

彩色胶片的彩色摹演过程是建立在彩色学基础之上,彩色摹演质量改进须使彩色胶片的彩色摹演过程尽量接近人眼视觉感色(HES)过程。这个过程是在电子计算机的发展基础之上,通过计算模拟减少巨大的试验工作量得以实现的。当前世界上的主要彩色胶卷生产厂家都有与这方面有关的文章发表。     

绿色翡翠颜色计算机分级技术的可行性研究-基于HSL颜色空间模型

翡翠颜色是翡翠质量和价值评估的重要环节之一.近年来有许多的学者针对翡翠颜色评价进行了各种研究,并且在学术方面取得了一定的成果,然而这些成果在市场上并没有得到广泛的运用与推广.笔者希望通过此次的研究找到一种简单快捷的翡翠颜色分级方法.本研究拟运用色度学HSL颜色空间模型对绿色翡翠的图像颜色进行色调、饱和度、明度的描述,并基于理论基础之上进行实践证明,即通过一系列针对绿色翡翠颜色数据的分析归类,最终得到各种绿色翡翠各自的HSL数值范围及阈值,并进行计算机编程.然后将通过计算机程序分级的绿色翡翠再运用肉眼感官和Gemdialogue色卡进行分级验证.最后证明基于HSL颜色空间模型对绿色翡翠颜色计算机分级技术的研究是具有可行性的.     

观赏花的冷冻干燥与保色加工试验研究

为探索制作观赏干燥花的新方法，以月季花、玫瑰等为素材，进行了真空冷冻干燥鲜花的实验研究，比较了真空冷冻干燥与热风干燥鲜花的效果；实验采用不同浓度的酒石酸溶液，通过改变花瓣内pH值，考察了对干燥花的保色效果，结果表明：浓度在10％时的保色效果好。还以甘油溶液为软化剂，研究了不同浓度、不同处理时间对干燥花的软化影响。     

Effect of TiO2-containing nano-coatings on the color protection of heat-treated jack pine

The UV protective coatings were developed by incorporating triazine derivative organic UV stabilizers into inorganic titania particles which were produced by sol–gel method. The objective of this study is to delay the color change of heat-treated wood subjected to outdoor conditions. The protective coatings were prepared in air at room temperature. The coatings were not further treated thermally after their application to heat-sensitive materials. Coatings were applied to heat-treated jack pine wood. Subsequently, accelerated aging tests were carried out using coated and uncoated jack pine samples. The color change of the wood samples was studied, and the results were compared. Also, the morphological analyses were done using XPS after having weathered the wood at different times.     

汽车面漆中漆配漆的试制与探讨

用漆配漆带来方便，然而虽单色漆调准较好，但配出的颜色也会有偏离。     

Studies on usage of acrylamide copolymers for textile effluent treatment

The copolymers of acrylamide–maleic anhydride and acrylamide–diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride of different ionicities were used for the removal of color, solids, etc., from effluent generated from textile industry. The studies have been carried out to remove color generated in the effluent. To estimate dye content, we prepared standard curve using UV‐vis spectrophotometer at different dye concentration following the Beer Lambert's Law. The copolymers of acrylamide–maleic anhydride and acrylamide–diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride of known concentration were dosed in the known concentration of the dye. These polymers made flocks by adsorption with dyes and these colored flocks were filtered out. The intensity of the color of water went down on increasing the concentration of the polymers. The color of the textile effluent was removed to the extent of 97% using above mentioned polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Influence of chromatic and lighting on the visual environment of the elderly: A critical literature review

The use of color and lighting as factors for adapting the housing of the elderly is tending to develop, in response to demographic data on the aging of the population and its impact on lifestyles. Adapting the environment for those over 60 years has become a national issue for public policy. So this article takes stock of the studies carried out on this issue. We have to review all the literature devoted to this subject, focusing on research products dealing with the color and light interaction in the indoor environment of seniors.     

An Experiment in Visual Scaling of Small Color Differences*

Under the auspices of the ISCC Committee on Color Difference Problems, an experiment was carried out in the visual scaling of small color differences involving six color microspaces. The object-color samples were visually evaluated by ranking, by subjective estimation, and by acceptability judgments. Visual scales were calculated by traditional procedures. Correlations were calculated between the visual scales and four color-difference formulas (CIELAB, C1ELUV, FMC-2, and FCM), and ellipsoids were optimized to the visual data. No fundamental differences were found between the results of the perceptibility judgments and the acceptability judgments. Higher correlations than reported for earlier comparable experiments were obtained between visual and calculated color differences.     

The impact of color preference on adolescent children's choice of furniture

It is widely believed that children will choose furniture that has the same color as their preferred color. Furthermore, for different categories of furniture, the color they preferred for furniture is consistent. A study of 508 adolescent Chinese children between the ages of 12 and 16 has been carried out to explore whether color preference influences their choice of furniture when they are provided with various color options (16 chromatic and five achromatic colors). This work tested six items of furniture in two functional spaces (study and bedroom space). Findings indicate that adolescent children's color preferences did indeed affect their furniture choice, but the extent varies with the categories of furniture. Furthermore, this study reveals that children's preference for furniture in different functional spaces is slightly different. Some effects of gender and age were also explored. This work discusses the implications of adolescent color preference and color choice for children's furniture color design.     

光谱增感染料水分散技术在彩色负片中的应用

一种新的光谱增感染料溶液的制备方法 ,其工艺简便 ,成本低廉 ,且环保、无污染 ,有助于改善照相乳剂的保存性 ,在彩色负片中进行了应用研究     

基于人工神经网络的水性涂料电脑测配色系统

介绍了基于多层BP人工神经网络的水性涂料配方预测模型的测配色系统,利用多层BP人工神经网络建立水性涂料反射样品色度参数空间到配方参数空间的非线性映射模型。对多种网络结构模型进行尝试,同时对通用千色卡(KEYTEC1190-TC)采集样本数据进行实验来讨论系统的可靠性,取得了满意效果。     

蔺草固色染土改性及其性能研究

利用纳米TiO2、叶绿素添加剂等有效成分对蔺草固色所用染土进行改性,并保持其它固色工艺条件不变进行蔺草固色实验,通过测量样品的颜色深度及透射率来表征固色效果及保色效果。结果表明,改性后的染土不但对蔺草具有良好的固色效果,且保色效果优于未改性的染土;改性后染土的实际用量在目前蔺草固色工艺的基础上降低70%左右,大大降低了固色成本;通过控制染土的实际用量,有效降低了蔺草作业环境中的粉尘浓度,达到了改善工人工作环境的目的。     

Characterization of acidic groups in oxycelluloses. I. Identification of various functional groups

A large number of oxycelluloses were prepared and modified further by treatment with sodium borohydride as well as chlorous acid, and qualitative color tests were carried out to detect the presence of various functional groups. Uronic acid groups were found to be present in most of the samples. Enediol groups were not detected in any of the samples, although the samples after sodium carbonate treatment gave distinct color tests for enediols, indicating the presence of α-hydroxymonoketo groups. Characteristic color tests for lactones were observed for most of the samples. The intensity of color developed in the lactone test was, however, found to decrease progressively on contact with a KI–KIO₃ mixture for various periods. The difference in the values of carboxyl content between the methylene blue method and the iodometric method is thus mainly caused by the opening of lactones in the latter method.     

Drying of Burdock Root Cubes Using a Microwave-Assisted Pulsed Spouted Bed Dryer and Quality Evaluation of the Dried Cubes

Burdock cube samples were dried using hot air and microwave pulsed spouted bed drying (MPSBD). Hot air drying was carried out at three temperatures (70, 80, and 90°C). MPSBD was carried out at three microwave power levels (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 W/g). The results showed that MPSBD samples dried at 2.0 W/g for 30 min and at 1.0 W/g for 40 min had desirable color, flavor, and textural attributes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results showed that the samples dried using MPSBD were richer in flavor compounds, especially in esters, compared to the hot air–dried samples.