止口弯曲成形模设计

通过对矩形封闭件的折弯成形工艺的分析和比较 ,并借鉴其它模具结构的优点 ,在一次冲压行程中完成矩形封闭件的弯曲成形。     

大尺寸U形件渐进折弯成形的送料装置设计与仿真

利用ANSYS和ADAMS的静态、动态分析功能,辅助设计大尺寸U形件渐进折弯送料装置的结构及送料动作。采用刚、柔耦合仿真基本原理,对送料过程进行运动学与动力学仿真,通过分析和优化送料动作,设计整体送料方案;根据分析数据和动作方案,设计机械结构,为进一步开发大尺寸U形件渐进折弯成形工艺的送料装备提供一种技术基础。     

U形梁纵向折弯成形分析

关于梁横截面的研究众多,纵向再折弯让梁的成形过程更加复杂,通过U形梁纵向折弯成形,利用CAE软件模拟及现场模具验证,分析材料在多因素叠加下的成形流动过程,选择性优化成形模面,从而有针对性的控制制件质量。     

成形速度及载荷对高强钢板回弹影响的研究

回弹问题一直是高强钢板弯曲成形的难点。本文基于伺服压力机对成形速度、载荷以及滑块行程的可控性,通过控制高强钢板弯曲成形过程中的成形速度、载荷以及滑块的行程位移,在试验的基础上探讨了成形速度及载荷等工艺条件对高强钢板弯曲回弹的影响,并通过ABAQUS有限元软件进行了相关的成形模拟。研究结果表明,随着成形载荷的增大回弹量明显减小,多次折弯可有效减小回弹。另外,成形速度和凸模保压时间对回弹影响不大。因此,在伺服压力机工作环境下,可以通过精确控制成形载荷以及折弯次数来控制高强钢板弯曲回弹量。     

上模双耳伸缩、下模滚轴式侧移的折弯模设计

对带U形沟槽工件的折弯工艺进行分析,设计了一种上模双耳伸缩、下模滚轴式侧移的折弯模。上模采用双耳结构,在折弯过程中通过伸缩绕开工件的U形沟槽完成折弯过程,解决了带U形沟槽工件的折弯难题。下模采用侧移的方式,只对工件较短折边折弯,减少了操作难度;下模模头处设计滚轴,使折弯由滑动摩擦变为滚动摩擦,改善了工件的表面质量。应用ABAQUS软件模拟了板料的弯曲回弹过程,并对该模具的关键参数及技术要求进行了分析。     

拉形与渐进成形在钣金零件快速制造中的复合应用研究

分析了拉形与数控渐进成形的工艺特点,开发了利用有限元分析来确定拉形不贴模区域边界的系统;设定了复合成形工艺参数,在数控渐进成形机床上实现一次装夹的复合成形。通过试验对渐进成形和复合成形的成形件质量进行了分析,结果证明,复合成形比渐进成形加工的零件成形精度高,厚度分布更均匀。对于复合成形,拉形行程越大,精度越高,但厚度减薄更严重,拉形行程过大会导致零件拉裂。凹陷区域的成形采用了固定轴跟随零件层加工,与传统的等高线层加工相比,具有较好的表面质量和较高的精度。     

U形弯曲工艺参数对制件形状和成形载荷的影响

在大口径直缝埋弧焊管UOE成形工艺流程中,U形弯曲件横断面上直壁段的倾角和底部的曲率半径是控制成形质量的两个关键指标。文章采用平面弹塑性模型,借助于有限元数值分析方法,对UOE成形过程中的板坯U形弯曲进行了数值模拟。基于数值模拟结果,分析了在U形弯曲时弯曲凸模和水平辊的工作行程以及水平辊的初始位置等工艺参数对板坯变形规律、弯曲件横断面直壁段倾角、底部曲率半径以及成形载荷的影响。     

板料折弯成形虚拟仿真技术研究

板料折弯成形是指把薄板材料弯成一定角度的加工方法。本文通过分析折弯机结构参数,基于OpenGL ES在WinCE的平台上建立了数控折弯成形仿真的可视化界面,实现了板料折弯成形的3D动态仿真。以树状结构为基础,结合干涉检测等影响板料折弯成形的工艺因素,探讨了板料折弯成形的工艺改进以及工序搜索方法,计算判断出可行的板料折弯成形工序,再由OpenGL ES直观显示板料折弯加工工艺信息。板料折弯成形试验表明,该方法可以实现快速、精确的板料折弯成形。     

W63K－2×2000型数控四边折边机的研究

数控四边折边机是新颖的板料折弯机械，是成形盒形零件最理想的精密高效设备。介绍了中俄两国合作研制的Ｗ６３Ｋ－２×２０００型数控四边折边机采用的压弯工艺、主要技术参数和结构特点。提出了折弯角度与折边行程的数学模型，以及保证折弯精度的措施。简要说明了该机采用的俄罗斯ＫＭ—６５型８轴数控系统的特点     

W63K—2×2000型数控四边折边机的研究

数控四边折边机是新颖的板料折弯机械，是成形盒形零件最理想的精密高效设备。介绍了中俄两国合作研制的Ｗ６３Ｋ－２×２０００型数控四边折边机采用的压弯工艺、主要技术参数和结构特点。提出了折弯角度与折边行程的数学模型，以及保证折弯精度的措施。简要说明了该机采用的俄罗斯ＫＭ－６５型８轴数控系统的特点。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。