Tobacco use and the United States military: a longstanding problem

Early gastric cancer recurrence is sometimes difficult to diagnose even by protocols using imaging techniques and tumor markers. We report a gastric cancer recurrence diagnosed by the appearance of a Sister Mary Joseph's nodule that illustrates the lack of sensitivity of these methods. We also discuss the protocol we currently follow for these patients.     

Obituary: Joseph Tiffin (1905–1989).

Presents an obituary for Joseph Tiffin. Joseph Harold Tiffin (he didn't like the "Harold" and never used the "H") was born in Falls City, Nebraska, on July 4, 1905, grew up in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, and received his bachelor's degree (Phi Beta Kappa) from the University of South Dakota in 1927. As a newlywed, he entered graduate school at the University of Iowa where he was an Eastman Fellow, received both his master's and PhD (1930) degrees under Carl Seashore, and was a fellow of the National Research Council before becoming a member of the University of Iowa psychology faculty in 1931. As Seashore's student and colleague he developed an intense interest in psychophysics and sensory/motor phenomena. (He was the first to photograph the human vocal chords in action.) In the early stages of as-yet-undiagnosed Parkinson's disease, he retired as Professor Emeritus of Industrial Psychology at Purdue University in 1971. Joe and his wife, Mary Edith Straight, moved to Madison, Wisconsin, to be near their daughter and her family. Mary Edith died in 1985, following which Joe was moved to a nursing home. He died March 1, 1989. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Sister Joseph''s nodule in non-Hodgkin''s lymphoma

Sister Joseph's nodule is traditionally regarded as a sign of poor prognosis in untreatable malignancy. We describe a patient with a metastatic umbilical nodule in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who had a good outcome. The possible mechanisms of tumour spread to the umbilicus and reasons for its rarity in lymphoma are discussed. The need for histological confirmation to exclude treatable disease is emphasized.     

Contemporary opinions about Mary Walker: a shy pioneer of therapeutic neurology

OBJECTIVE: To contribute to a better understanding of a poorly appreciated pioneer of therapeutic neurology, Mary Broadfoot Walker, MD. BACKGROUND: At a time when the treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) was "a source of discouragement to the patient and a cause of nightmare for the physician," Mary Walker demonstrated that temporary relief of myasthenic symptoms could be produced by subcutaneous injection of physostigmine or neostigmine (Prostigmin; Roche, Basel, Switzerland). She also pioneered the concept of a circulating factor as the etiology of myasthenia and was the first to report hypokalemia in familial periodic paralysis. Throughout her career she was dependent on her salaried jobs as a medical officer in several large London hospitals and was thus forced to turn down an offer of an honorary staff position with research beds. DESIGN/METHODS: Previously unpublished material written by persons who lived at the same time as Mary Walker is incorporated with the published record into an account of Mary Walker's accomplishments as assessed by her contemporaries. RESULTS: 1) Although Mary Walker's 1934 report on physostigmine for MG was ignored by most of those in clinical medicine at the time, those responsible for the financing of British medical research vainly hoped that it could be used as an example of the practical outcome of basic research. 2) Her 1935 demonstration of the beneficial effect of neostigmine (Prostigmin) was greeted with general skepticism because of the rapidity with which the patient's symptoms of myasthenic weakness improved, but she was soon vindicated by published confirmatory reports from several contemporaries. 3) Her 1938 demonstrations of what came to be known as "the Mary Walker effect" may have helped her reputation because subsequent published opinions of her contributions were generally favorable, although some people continue to disparage her even today. CONCLUSION: Mary Walker, with her brief case reports and her frequent demonstrations, not only offered symptomatic treatment for MG that has stood the test of time, but also provided the most convincing evidence at the time that the neuromuscular junction was the focus of the disease.     

Umbilical metastasis of an endometrial adenocarcinoma: "Sister (Mary) Joseph's nodule". Review of the literature

In the beginning of the XXth century, Sir Hamilton Bailey proposed the name "Sister Joseph's nodule" for the umbilical metastasis of an abdominal cancer. This unusual pathology has multiple primitive etiologies. We report here the 27th case of an umbilical metastasis of an endometrial adenocarcinoma. In case of a malignant umbilical tumor, 75% correspond to a "Sister Joseph's nodule". Their clinical manifestations are quite similar. This secondary localisation could appear before, during or after the diagnosis of the primitive tumor. Adenocarcinoma is the frequently diagnosed histological type. The endometrial origin represents only 1.4% of the cases. Multiple routes of spread exist. Prognosis remains poor. Medico-surgical treatment, in a curative target, will be aggressive and should be adapted at every case. Our case-report recalls a new patho-physiological approach. The extended follow-up of this patient, without further medical treatment, is an additional argument.     

Mary L. Northway (1909-1987).

Presents an obituary for Mary Northway (1909-1987). Mary joined the faculty of psychology at the University of Toronto in 1939 and left as associate professor in 1958 to devote her full time to the post of supervisor of research at the Institute of Child Study at the same university. At an early stage in the development of sociometry she recognized that these techniques were capable of delivering useful information about both group structure and function as well as information regarding individual adjustment. Her extensive research and many publications in these areas over more than three decades received considerable attention. Her books dealing with sociometric methods applied to classrooms and other groups have been translated into five foreign languages and excerpts have appeared in additional languages. For many years Mary Northway was an outspoken advocate of the value of longitudinal research in child study. Mary Northway established the Brora Centre, a non-profit organization to sustain the child development research that she and a number of her colleagues perceived to be needed, but which was lacking institutional support at that time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Frank Joseph McGuigan: Distinguished Contributions to Education in Psychology Awards.

Recognizes Frank Joseph McGuigan as the winner of the American Psychological Association's 1973 Distinguished Contributions to Education in Psychology Award. The citation reads: "To Frank Joseph McGuigan--A successful teacher and scholar, because he is, first, a genuinely zealous student of psychology and a powerful source of inspiration in deed and word to those who have worked with him." Biographical information is also provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Correction to Mikels et al. (2010).

Reports an error in "Following your heart or your head: Focusing on emotions versus information differentially influences the decisions of younger and older adults" by Joseph A. Mikels, Corinna E. L?ckenhoff, Sam J. Maglio, Laura L. Carstensen, Mary K. Goldstein and Alan Garber (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2010[Mar], Vol 16[1], 87-95). The wrong author order was listed. The correct order is presented in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2010-06152-007.) Research on aging has indicated that whereas deliberative cognitive processes decline with age, emotional processes are relatively spared. To examine the implications of these divergent trajectories in the context of health care choices, we investigated whether instructional manipulations emphasizing a focus on feelings or details would have differential effects on decision quality among younger and older adults. We presented 60 younger and 60 older adults with health care choices that required them to hold in mind and consider multiple pieces of information. Instructional manipulations in the emotion-focus condition asked participants to focus on their emotional reactions to the options, report their feelings about the options, and then make a choice. In the information-focus condition, participants were instructed to focus on the specific attributes, report the details about the options, and then make a choice. In a control condition, no directives were given. Manipulation checks indicated that the instructions were successful in eliciting different modes of processing. Decision quality data indicate that younger adults performed better in the information-focus than in the control condition whereas older adults performed better in the emotion-focus and control conditions than in the information-focus condition. Findings support and extend extant theorizing on aging and decision making as well as suggest that interventions to improve decision-making quality should take the age of the decision maker into account. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Toward Unification in Psychology: The First Banff Conference on Theoretical Psychology.

Reviews the book, Toward Unification in Psychology: The First Banff Conference on Theoretical Psychology by Joseph R. Royce (Ed.) (1970). The First Banff Conference on Theoretical Psychology was held in April of 1965. The present volume records eight of the papers presented at that conference as well as edited remarks by discussants and auditors. In addition, a Prologue by Joseph R. Royce, the organizer of the conference, and an Epilogue by David Krech, a discussant, are included. The participants were S. Howard Bartley, Ludwig von Bertalanffy, Lawrence K. Frank, Eugene H. Galanter, Robert B. MacLeod, Joseph R. Royce, William W. Rozeboom, and Herman Tennessen. The papers range in length from von Bertalanffy's three pages to Rozeboom's 123 pages. Bibliographies and an index are provided. It is a pity that it took so long to get these papers into print. A great deal of theoretical water has passed under the psychological bridge in the past five years, and at least some of this material seems dated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

On the cover.

Presents a biographical article about the artist, Mary Jane Q. Cross, whose work Morning on the Sugar River, graces the cover of this issue of American Psychologist. Portions of the article are based on an interview with the artist on April 9, 2007. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Decreased cerebrospinal fluid levels of beta-endorphin in Japanese patients with Joseph disease

We measured the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of beta-endorphin in 7 Japanese patients with Joseph disease and compared them with control values. The 7 patients included 4 with type I and 3 with type II disease; their mean age was 45.7 +/- 12.09 years. Diseased controls were matched in age to the patients studied. In these patients, CSF beta-endorphin level was significantly lower than in the controls (40% of normal values). An alteration in CSF beta-endorphin level may explain some of the neurological impairment found in Joseph disease.     

Mary Cover Jones (1896–1987).

This articles provides an obituary for Mary Cover Jones, 1896-1987. Her contributions to the field of developmental psychology are listed by the authors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Joseph E. Ledoux: Award for distinguished scientific contributions.

The American Psychological Association 2010 Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions was awarded to Joseph E. LeDoux, for his success in reinvigorating the field of emotion by uncovering the neural mechanisms of emotional learning, particularly with respect to fear. By applying the tools of modern neuroscience to the study of fear, Joseph E. LeDoux revolutionized the way psychologists view emotional learning and the importance of unconscious versus conscious processes. His findings have led to novel ways to treat anxiety disorders through manipulation of extinction and reconsolidation processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of chronic glucagon-administration on the digestive and absorptive function of rat small intestine in vivo

Mitomycin C-induced sister chromatic exchange and quadriradial formation were studied in chromosomes from Muntiacus muntjac fibroblasts and A9, a transformed mouse cell line. We present the first direct cytological evidence for the induction of true somatic recombination involving homologous chromosomes. Analysis of the quadriradials from Muntjac cells indicates a non-random distribution with respect to the chromosomes involved and with respect to the points of conjunction. Sister chromatid exchange and quadriradial formation may reflect the outcome of repair processes involving a high frequency of homologous exchanges in the interphase nucleus.     

Philip Joseph Bersh (1921-2004).

Obituary for Philip Joseph Bersh (1921-2004). A summary of Bersh's life as well as an overview of his career are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Gender and AIDS-related psychosocial processes: a study of perceived susceptibility, social distance, and homophobia

Over the past decade, researchers have accumulated evidence that suggests six main factors are associated with AIDS-related risk reduction behavior: (a) perceived susceptibility (Dolcini et al., 1995; van der Plight & Richard, 1994); (b) attitudes toward condoms (Catania et al., 1994; Maticka-Tynadale, 1991); (c) personally knowing someone with HIV/AIDS (Joseph et al., 1987); (d) perceived peer norms about risk-reduction (Maticka-Tyndale, 1991); (e) previous sexual activity (Joseph et al., 1987); and (f) self-efficacy (Aspinwall, Kemeny, Taylor, & Schneider, 1991; van der Plight & Richard, 1994). Furthermore, there is some suggestion that the epidemiology and sociocultural constructions of the disease has led to considerable gender, racial, and class differences in awareness of AIDS, perception of HIV threat, and HIV-relevant behavior (Cohan & Atwood, 1994; Dolcini et al., 1995; Gillies, 1994).     

'The Elephant Man' as 'self' and 'other': the psycho-social costs of a misdiagnosis

'The Elephant Man's Disease' acquired enormous notoriety through the portrayals of the life of Joseph Merrick, 'The Elephant Man', on American stage, screen and television. These portrayals, inspired by Ashley Montagu's book, The Elephant Man (1971) parleyed the designation of Merrick's condition into a household phrase, a metaphor for the grimmest extreme of ugliness. This paper explores the impact of 'The Elephant Man' as the chief referent and role model for persons who believed they shared the condition of neurofibromatosis 1, a neurological genetic disorder, which was erroneously believed at the time his story was popularized to have affected Joseph Merrick. Data were gathered through interviews with sixty affected individuals and families about their responses to the media representations of 'The Elephant Man'. Informants were recruited from three NF Support Groups and two urban hospital caseloads in Northern California.     

《桃花运》的女性主义剖析

2008年国产贺岁片《桃花运》塑造了三个女性主义角色：女性自我意识的苏醒与捍卫者晓美、传统贞操观念的坚守者章迎、后现代女性主义的代言人高姐,展现了传统贞操观念与后现代婚恋观、对爱情与婚姻的真诚信仰与怀疑批判的碰撞与冲突。同时,影片将女性主义理念与艺术技巧巧妙融合,进一步张显了作品的女性主义色彩。