A Reliable Reference Electrode in Molten Carbonate and Its Applications

1ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｍｅｌｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｅｍｐｌｏｙｅｄｔｏｓｅｒｖｅａｓｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｅｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙ,ｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｉｎｍｏｌｔｅｎｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｅｆｕｅｌｃｅｌｌｓ(ＭＣＦＣ).ＭＣＦＣｉｓｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄｔｏｂｅｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｐｒｏｍｉｓｉｎｇｎｅｗｅｎｅｒｇｙｃｏｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎｄｅｖｉｃｅｔｈａｔｃｏｎｖｅｒｔｓｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｅｎｅｒｇｙｉｎｆｏｓｓｉｌｆｕｅｌｓｉｎｔｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｉｔｙ[1～3].ＭＣＦＣｔ…     

WETTABILITY BETWEEN TiB_2 CERAMIC AND METALS

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＷｅｔｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｃｅｒａｍｉｃａｎｄｍｅｔａｌｉｓａｖｅｒｙｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｓｐｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｅｒａｍｉｃ／ＭｅｔａｌＣｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓ（ＣＭＣ）,ｗｈｉｃｈｈａｓａｇｒｅａｔｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｎｔｈｅｍｉｃｒｏｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆＣＭＣ．Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒｔｈｅｃｌａｓｓｉｃｔｈｅｏｒｙａｎｄｍｅｔｈｏｄｄｉｄｎ’ｔｓｈｏｗｔｈｅｉｎｎｅｒｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｏ…     

Bond strength of W-Cu/CuCr integrated material

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＷ Ｃｕ/ＣｕＣｒｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｎｏｗｉｓｕｓｅｄａｓｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｃｏｎｔａｃｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｉｎｈｉｇｈ ｐｏｗｅｒｓｗｉｔｃｈｅｒ[1] .ＴｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｂｏｎｄｉｎｇＷ ＣｕｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅａｎｄＣｕＣｒａｌｌｏｙｉｓｗｅｌｄｉｎｇ .ＢｅｃａｕｓｅｗｅｌｄｉｎｇｄｅｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｔｅｎａｐｐｅａｒａｔＷ Ｃｕ/ＣｕＣｒｗｅｌｄｉｎｇｉｎｔｅｒｆａｃｅ ,ｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒ ｆａｃｅｂｏｎｄｉｓｌｏｗａｎｄｕｎｓｔａｂｌｅ[2…     

A SIMPLIFIED SUBREGULAR SOLUTION MODEL DESCRIBING THE ACTIVITES OF MgCl 2 IN BOTH KCl MgCl 2 LiCl AND CaCl 2 MgCl 2 NaCl MOLTEN SALT SYSTEMS

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｏｆＭｇＣｌ２ｉｎｔｈｅＬｉＣｌＭｇＣｌ２ＫＣｌａｎｄＣａＣｌ２ＭｇＣｌ２ＮａＣｌｍｏｌｔｅｎｓａｌｔｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｅｓａｒｅａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｔｏｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｍａｇｎｅｓｉｕｍ．ＬｉＣｌａｎｄＫＣｌｃａｎｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｔｉｃｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ．ＮａＣｌａｎｄＣａＣｌ２ａｒｅｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｃｏｍ…     

THE INFLUENCE OF Bi ON THE INTERFACIAL WETTABILITY BETWEEN SiC PARTICLES AND NiCrMo ALLOY CAST IRON

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＮｉＣｒＭｏａｌｌｏｙｃａｓｔｉｒｏｎｉｓｏｆｔｅｎｕｓｅｄｔｏｍａｋｅｒｏｌｌｅｒｓ．ＡｄｄｉｎｇＳｉＣｐａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓｉｎｉｔｔｏｆｏｒｍｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｃａｎｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｉｔｓｗｅａｒｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅａｎｄｉｍｐａｃｔｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓ．ＴｈｉｓｍａｉｎｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｔｈｅｓｔａｔｅｏｆｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＳｉＣ,ＳｉＣｆａｃｔｏｒａｎｄｔｈｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｔｉｏｎｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｗｏｓ．Ｔｏｉ…     

Study on the measure to improve the arc stabilization in smaller current welding for the variable polarity GTAW power source

0　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｅａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔ(ＡＣ)ａｒｃｗｅｌｄｉｎｇ,ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅｐｏｌａｒｉｔｙｃｈａｎｇｅｓｐｅｒｉｏｄｉｃａｌｌｙ,ｔｈｅａｒｃｅｘｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｅｓａｎｄｒｅｓｔｒｉｋｅｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｌｅａｄｓｔｈｅＡＣａｒｃｉｓｌｅｓｓｓｔａｂｌｅｔｈａｎＤＣａｒｃ[1].Ｔｉｌｌｎｏｗ,ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｔａｇｅｎｅｒａｌａｃｃｅｐｔｅｄｔｈｅｏｒｙｔｏｅｘｐｌａｉｎｔｈｅＡＣａｒｃｒｅｓｔｒｉｋｉｎｇｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎｏｆｎｏｎｔｈｅ…     

Sideband Absorption and its Effects on Temperature Dependence of Local Vibrational Mode Main Absorption Band for Carbon Acceptor in Gallium Arsenide

１－ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣａｒｂｏｎｉｓａｐｒｅｖａｉｌｉｎｇｒｅｓｉｄｕａｌｉｍｐｕｒｉｔｙｉｎｕｎｄｏｐｅｄｓｅｍｉｉｎｓｕｌａｔｉｎｇ（ＳＩ）ＧａＡｓｃｒｙｓｔａｌｓｇｒｏｗｎｂｙｔｈｅｌｉｑｕｉｄｅｎｃａｐｓｕｌａｔｅｄＣｚｏｃｈｒａｌｓｋｉ（ＬＥＣ）ｔｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅ，ａｎｄｉｔｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｌｙｏｃｃｕｐｉｅｓｔｈｅａｒｓｅｎｉｃｓｉｔｅａｓａｃｃｅｐｔｏｒＣＡｓ．Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｍａｓｓｏｆｃａｒｂｏｎａｔｏｍｉｓｍｕｃｈｌｉｇｈｔｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｏｆａｒｓ…     

THE PROPERTIES OF SILICA FUME MAGNESIUM OXYCHLORIDE CEMENT MATERIALS

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｅｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｏｆｃｅｍｅｎｔｓ,ｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｅｘｃｉｔｉｎｇａｒｅａｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｔｈａｔｏｆＭＯＣ,ＭＯＣｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｓｔｕｄｉｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｌｙ〔１４〕．Ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ,ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｄａｔａｏｎｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｓｉｌｉｃａｆｕｍｅ．ＩｔｉｓｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅａｂｕｎｄｅｎｃｅｏｆＭＯＣｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａｈａｓｌｅｄｔｏｓｏｍｅａｐｐｌｉｅｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎｔｈｉｓｃ…     

Preparation of CuCr25 alloys through vacuum arc-smelting and their properties

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｕＣｒａｌｌｏｙｓａｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｃｏｎｔａｃｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｆｏｒｖａｃｕｕｍｉｎｔｅｒｒｕｐｔｅｒｓａｎｄａｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｈｉｇｈｖｏｌｔａｇｅａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅｈｉｇｈｉｎｔｅｒｒｕｐｔｉｎｇａｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎｄｈｉｇｈｖｏｌｔａｇｅｗｉｔｈｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｓｔｒｅｓｓ[1].Ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｌｙ ,ｔｈｅｍａｉｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｓｏｆｐｒｅｐａｒｉｎｇＣｕＣｒａｌｌｏｙｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｅ…     

DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF SIA LON/ SiC MULTIPHASE REF RACTORY USING CLAY

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＳｉＣｈａｓｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄａｓｓｐｅｃｉａｌｒｅｆｒａｃｔｏｒｉｅｓ．Ｗｉｔｈｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｂｏｎｄｉｎｇｐｈａｓｅｓ,ＳｉＣｒｅｆｒａｃｔｏｒｙｓｃａｎｂｅｃｌａｓｓｉｆｉｅｄｉｎｔｏｏｘｉｄｅ／ＳｉＣ,Ｓｉ３Ｎ４／ＳｉＣ,Ｓｉａｌｏｎ／ＳｉＣａｎｄＳｉＣ／ＳｉＣｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ．ＴｈｅＳｉａｌｏｎ（Ｓｉ６ｚＡｌｚＯｚＮ８ｘ,０＜ｚ＜４．２）／ＳｉＣｓｙｓｔｅｍ,ｄｕｅｔｏｉｔｓｂｅｔｔｅｒｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅ…     

Non-isothermal microwave leaching kinetics and absorption characteristics of primary titanium-rich materials

The non-isothermal leaching kinetics of primary titanium-rich material by microwave heating was investigated, and the temperature-pressure curves of leaching system and microwave absorption characteristics of mixture solutions before and after leaching were measured. The research of non-isothermal kinetics was evaluated by the leaching rate of Fe and the total apparent velocity equation of the non-isothermal kinetics of leaching for primary titanium-rich material by microwave heating was obtained. It is shown from the temperature-pressure curves that the high temperature and high pressure of closed leaching system are favorable to the enhancement of the leaching rate of Fe. Microwave absorption characteristics of mixture solutions before and after leaching show that there are abrupt changes of microwave absorption characteristics for 15% HCl solution and the mixture solution after leaching by 20% HCl.     

KINETICS OF LEACHING SPHALERITE WITH PYROLUSITE SIMULTANEOUSLY BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

ＫＩＮＥＴＩＣＳＯＦＬＥＡＣＨＩＮＧＳＰＨＡＬＥＲＩＴＥＷＩＴＨＰＹＲＯＬＵＳＩＴＥＳＩＭＵＬＴＡＮＥＯＵＳＬＹＢＹＭＩＣＲＯＷＡＶＥＩＲＲＡＤＩＡＴＩＯＮ①ＰｅｎｇＪｉｎｈｕｉ，ＬｉｕＣｈｕｎｐｅｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｔａｌｕｒｇｙ，Ｋｕ...     

Phase transformation in reductive roasting of laterite ore with microwave heating

Selective reduction of laterite ores followed by acid leaching is a promising method to recover nickel and cobalt metal, leaving leaching residue as a suitable iron resource. The phase transformation in reduction process with microwave heating was investigated by XRD and the reduction degree of iron was analyzed by chemical method. The results show that the laterite samples mixed with active carbon couple well with microwave and the temperature can reach approximate 1000 ℃ in 6.5 min. The reduction degree of iron is controlled by both the reductive agent content and the microwave heating time, and the reduction follows Fe2O3→Fe3O4→FeO→Fe sequence. Sulphuric acid leaching test reveals that the recoveries of nickel and iron increase with the iron reduction degree. By properly controlling the reduction degree of iron at 60% around, the nickel recovery can reach about 90% and iron recovery is less than 30%.     

微细浸染型金矿的微波焙烧预处理研究

研究了微波焙烧预处理对微细浸染型难处理金矿浸出的影响。正交试验表明,各因素对浸出率影响程度大小依次为:微波焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸出时间、浸出剂TY-3用量和氢氧化钠用量。在微波焙烧温度550℃,焙烧时间40 min,浸出剂TY-3用量14 kg/t,氢氧化钠用量8 kg/t,浸出10 h的优化条件下,浸出率达94.8%。XRD分析结果表明,经微波加热焙烧后,原矿中黄铁矿转化为赤铁矿。与马弗炉焙烧对比,微波焙烧可能具有选择性加热作用,更有利于矿石中包裹金的暴露。     

微波作用下铝酸钙炉渣非等温浸出动力学

研究了微波作用下铝酸钙炉渣非等温浸出动力学，考察了不同微波辐射功率对炉渣中氧化铝浸出率的影响以及相应微波功率下反应体系温度随时间的变化规律。结果表明：该浸出动力学过程的控制步骤为界面化学反应控制，表观反应活化能为40kJ／mol左右；微波作用可改变反应的频率因子，对反应活化能影响不明显；随着微波辐射功率的增大，频率因子增加，宏观表现出微波功率的增加对反应有促进作用。     

Preparation of solid polyferric sulfate from pyrite cinders and its structure feature

1　INTRODUCTIONCoagulationisanessentialprocessintheoverallsolid liquidseparationschemeinwaterandadvancedwastewatertreatment .Hydrolyzingmetalsalts ,suchasferriccoagulants ,canpromotetheformationofag gregates.WhenFesaltsaredissolvedinwater,themetalironhydrates ,coordinatingsixwatermoleculesandforminganaquometalion ,canthenhydrolyzeandformmonomericand polymericferricspecies ,whichishighlydependentonpHofthesolution .Itispossibletodescribetheformationofseveralhydrolysisspecies ,suchaspositiv…     

Leaching of blended copper slag in microwave oven

Leaching of blended slag (BS) was investigated in a microwave oven using hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. The BS was a mixture of converter and flash furnace slag containing 51% Fe₂O₃, 3.8% CuO, and 3.2% ZnO. The important variables that influence the metal extraction yield were leaching time, liquid-solid ratio, H₂O₂ and CH₃COOH concentrations. The preferred leaching conditions were as follows: CH₃COOH concentration 4 mol/L; H₂O₂ concentration 4 mol/L; microwave power 900 W; leaching time 30 min; liquid-solid ratio 25 mL/g BS; leaching temperature 100 °C. Under these conditions, the metal extractions of 95% Cu, 1.6% Fe, and 30% Zn were obtained. The results were compared with the traditional leaching results. It is evident that microwave heating causes a reduction in the leaching time. Also, the extraction yield results indicate that selective leaching of BS can be achieved under the preferred conditions. The dissolution kinetic of BS in hydrogen peroxide with acetic acid is controlled by a shrinking unreacted core model equation. The apparent activation energy and reaction order were found to be 16.64 kJ/mol and 1.09, respectively.     

Microwave assisted atmospheric acid leaching of nickel from laterite ore

The recovery of nickel from laterite ore with sulphuric acid under the effect of microwave irradiation was studied.The experimental results indicated that the extraction rate of nickel was influenced by reaction time,sulphuric acid concentration,and temperature,especially by microwave power.The results obtained from the experiments of orthogonal arrays showed that the optimum conditions of sulphuric acid concentration,reaction time,microwave power,and temperature were 25 vol.%,1.5 h,600 W,and 90°C,respectively.Under the optimal conditions,the nickel recovery could reach approximately 90.8%,which was higher than that obtained by conventional water bath heating.Kinetic experiments showed that the leaching of nickel in a sulphuric acid medium was controlled by chemical reaction occurring on the surface of laterite ore.The apparent activation energy was 38.9 kJ/mol.Microwave heating technology is efficient,clean,and easy to control and facilitate continuous processing of materials.     

综合利用钛铁矿制备二氧化钛、钛酸锂和磷酸铁锂

以钛铁矿为原料,经机械活化-盐酸浸出得到水解钛渣和富铁浸出液;用H2O2将水解钛渣中的Ti配位溶出,得到配位浸出液,并以其为反应物制备纳米级片状的过氧钛化合物;该过氧钛化合物经洗涤、煅烧制备得到纳米级片状的TiO2,其纯度高达99.31%(质量分数)。将过氧钛化合物与Li2CO3混合,球磨后煅烧合成性能优良的锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12。以富铁浸出液为原料,经选择性沉淀制备含少量Al和Ti的FePO4.xH2O,并以其为前驱体制备了Al-Ti掺杂的LiFePO4。该LiFePO4在1C和2C倍率下的首次放电比容量分别达151.3和140.1(mA.h)/g,循环100次之后容量无衰减。该方法也可用于钛白粉副产品硫酸亚铁的回收利用,制备性能优异的LiFePO4。     

Study of decomposing carbonyl slag

1 Introduction Carbonyl slag is a kind of solid from the material with nickel by carbonylation. It usually contains Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, S, As, Sb, Au, Ag and platinum metals, and holds great recovery value. At present, with the development of the technology o…